2024届上海市虹口区高三一模英语试卷(含答案)

2024届上海市虹口区高三一模英语试卷
2023.12
考生注意：
1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律
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I.Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.A.At a bookstore. B.At a library.
C.At a post office.
D.At a police station.
2.A.At6:45p.m. B.At7:00p.m. C.At7:15p.m. D.At9:00p.m.
3.A.Pick up some bottled water. B.Work overtime at the office.
C.Do some paperwork at home.
D.Set aside some time for relaxation.
4.A.The harm done by single-use plastics. B.The topic for the woman’s composition.
C.Environmental issues.
D.Some recent hot news.
5.A.He is curious about his future neighbour. B.He is dissatisfied with the environment.
C.He is worried about the traffic service.
D.He can’t wait to move into this house.
6.A.She agrees with the man’s plan. B.She is concerned about the weather.
C.She considers it unwise to go outside.
D.She has a better plan than having a picnic.
7.A.Looking at an old picture. B.Preparing for a family trip.
C.Searching for some old stuff.
D.Talking about their grandfather.
8.A.The woman was uninterested in the party. B.The woman will take her family to the party.
C.The woman is looking forward to the party.
D.The woman was absent from the party.
9.A.Those who are talented are never short of inspiration.
B.Not everyone can learn how to be a good writer.
C.Creativity is something you are born with.
D.It takes practice to become a good writer.
10.A.He has already achieved his goal. B.He goes to the gym on a regular basis.
C.He usually goes home directly after work.
D.He has given up exercising for two weeks.
Section B
Directions:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions11through13are based on the following passage.
11.A.Influencing. B.Celebrity studies.
C.Crisis management.
D.Psychology.
12.A.It offers a lot of related courses. B.Its courses are taught by senior lecturers.
C.It partners with Harvard University.
D.It’s the first degree program in the field.
13.A.Whether it has enough budgets. B.Whether it will attract youngsters.
C.Whether it can stand the test of time.
D.Whether it can offer useful courses.
Questions14through16are based on the following passage.
14.A.It emphasizes ball tackling. B.It forbids rough body contact.
C.It was created during the WWI.
D.It is mainly played in the army today.
15.A.It is pretty easy to learn. B.It is more recreational than other sports.
C.It follows limited rules.
D.It allows them to show their talents in sports.
16.A.Introduce a would-be Olympic sport. pare flag football with regular football.
C.Explain the rules of flag football.
D.Illustrate the job of National Football League.
Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.
17.A.In order not to miss the flight.
B.For fear that the flight shall be delayed.
C.To spare enough time for security checks.
D.To take better care of her baby when traveling.
18.A.She waited three hours for the hotel room to be ready.
B.She didn’t have enough money to get a taxi in Berlin.
C.Her luggage was delivered to a wrong destination.
D.She was stuck in the Berlin airport for a night.
19.A.They reacted quickly to passengers’requests.
B.They were rude to the passenger.
C.They showed enough sympathy.
D.They were irresponsible.
20.A.She was looking forward to her next holiday.
B.She felt terrible that her holiday was ruined.
C.She didn’t want another cup of coffee.
D.She thought the holiday was too short.
II.Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.
Your Cat Might Not Be Ignoring You When You Speak
Every cat owner has a story to tell of being blanked by their cat.We call to our cat,it turns away,and some of us might be left(21)_________(wonder)why we didn’t get a dog.But your cat may be listening after all.More than that, it(22)_________(care)more than you may think.
A study by French researchers(23)_________(publish)last month in the journal Animal Cognition found that not only do cats react to what scientists call cat-directed speech—a high-pitched(高音的)voice similar to(24)_________ we talk to babies—they react to who is doing the talking.
“We found that hearing their owners using a high-pitched voice,cats reacted more than when hearing their owner speaking normally to another human adult,”said Charlotte de Mouzon,an author of the study.“But it actually didn’t work when it came from a stranger’s voice.”
(25)_________studies involving dogs,analyzing cat behavior is difficult,which is part of why humans understand them less.Cats are stressed by being in a lab(26)__________________meaningful behavioral observations become impossible.And forget about trying to get a cat(27)_________(sit)still for an M.R.I.scan(核磁共振扫描)to study its brain function.
So the researchers for the latest study went to the cats’homes and played recordings of different types of speech and different speakers.At first,there was concern from Dr.de Mouzon and her team for lack of reaction from the cats,but upon analysis of the film recordings,delicate reactions(28)_________(notice).“It could be just moving an ear or turning the head to the speaker or even freezing what(29)_________were doing,”Dr.de Mouzon said.
In the study,there were a few cases(30)_________cats would approach the speaker playing a voice and meow.“In the end,we had really clear gains in the cat’s attention when the owner was using cat-directed speech,”Dr.de Mouzon said.
Section B
Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.arrives
B.observable
C.boundless
D.contained
E.distancing
F.expansion
G.lies H.parallel I.perceiving J.threads K.volume
What Comes After Space?
Looking at a clear night sky,you witness the vastness of space,which holds everything humans know to exist.To find out what31beyond,a good place to start is to determine where the universe ends.However,the problem is that scientists are uncertain about where space ends or whether it ends at all.
The32universe
The furthest humans can see out into space,using all the technology currently available to us,is46billion light-years(a light-year is the distance that light can travel in one year,and is equivalent to about9.5million million kilometres).The33of space that humans can see is called the visible universe.Beyond this,it remains a mystery whether it’s an expanse of more galaxies and stars or possibly the edge of the universe.Some think that the universe is 34,meaning space goes on forever in every direction.In this case,there is nothing after space,because space is everything.
Moving further away
Experts have captured images of the entire Earth from space,and some astronauts have personally witnessed its beauty from orbit.Perhaps35the limits of the universe would also be possible too,if only humans knew where to go to look for it.
Another challenge is the universe’s rapid36.As galaxies move further away,their light takes longer to reach us.Eventually,some galaxies may be so distant that their light never37.This might imply that any edge—and whatever is on the other side—is increasingly38itself from us.Regardless of these uncertainties,scientists still spend a lot of time thinking about what comes after space.
Many universes?
It’s possible that there isn’t just one universe,and that our universe is just one small part of a“multiverse”.Perhaps our universe is39within its own distinct region of space,separated from others by vast expanses of nothingness. Or maybe40universes exist,pressed tightly against each other.Getting an idea of the universe’s true shape may help astronomers find out whether it has an edge.What comes after that could be an even great mystery.
III.Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Back in1930,the economist John Maynard Keynes predicted that with technological change and improvements in productivity,we’d only be working15hours a week by now.But while working hours have41by26%,most of us still average42.5hours a week.
One of the things Keynes underestimated is the human desire to42with our peers—a drive that makes most of us work more than we need to.“We don’t measure productivity by how much we’ve harvested anymore,”says Alex Soojung-Kim Pang,visiting scholar at Stanford University.“Overworking has been part of Western society since the Industrial Revolution.When some predicted that automation would create an extra amount of43time,needless to say,that didn’t happen.”
Thanks to computerization and globalization in the1980s,managers could demand more of employees under the 44that jobs could be given to someone else.So the45piled on.And we took it,exhausted,but taking up the burden all the same.The psychologist Barbara Killinger writes in Workaholics:The Respectable Addicts about how we 46sacrifice our own well-being through overwork for“success”.
But far from delivering productivity,value,or personal fulfilment,overwork has been proven to lead to burnout, stress,greater risk of heart disease and even shorter lifespans.47,we carried on—until COVID-19came along.
Besides making us work longer hours from home,COVID-19has also48the move towards the adoption of automated machine,especially for jobs requiring much interpersonal contact—from Amazon developing delivery drones (无人机)to self-driving cars.By2050,Michael Osborne,a professor of machine learning at the University of Oxford, predicts that at least40%of current jobs will be lost to49.
There are50.Jobs that involve complex social interactions are beyond current robot skills:so teaching,social care,nursing and counselling are all likely to51the AI revolution.As are jobs that rely on creativity.The same also goes for52jobs,according to Osborne,due to the large number of different objects cleaners encounter and the variety of ways those objects need to be dealt with.Interestingly,areas of the workplace traditionally dominated by women won’t be so easily adopted by AI.Robots are unlikely to53in the“work”of taking care of children, preparing lunchboxes and doing the laundry.
Those whose work falls outside the caring,cleaning or creative field will still work in future,just54.In about 60%of occupations,it is estimated that a third of the tasks can be automated,meaning changes to the way we work.A large-scale study has predicted that over the next20years,although7million jobs will be taken over by AI,7.2million new ones will be55as a result.So we will work in future:we just don’t know what we’ll be doing yet.
41.A.declined B.increased C.continued D.kept
42.A.disagree pete C.cooperate D.identify
43.A.working B.tough C.leisure D.active
44.A.fantasy B.influence C.threat D.impression
45.A.joy B.cash C.ambition D.pressure
46.A.excitedly B.willingly C.dramatically D.hopefully
47.A.Otherwise B.Still C.Furthermore D.Therefore
48.A.speeded up B.followed up C.prepared for D.planned for
49.A.overwork bour C.automation D.science
50.A.dreams B.models C.expectations D.exceptions
51.A.cause B.cease C.survive D.undergo
52.A.caring B.cleaning C.curing D.coaching
53.A.assist B.exist C.believe D.understand
54.A.hardly B.differently C.unfortunately D.probably
55.A.lost B.recovered C.substituted D.created
Section B
Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
1I was always a reader.
2As a kid,I walked to the library several times a week and checked out so many books and returned them so quickly that the librarian once snapped,“Don’t take home so many books if you’re not going to read them all!”
3“But I did read them all,”I said.
4But I had stopped reading gradually.I joined book clubs that I never attended.I requested a library book everyone was reading,only to return it a week late,unread,with fines.
5Then I met David.When I asked him about his last book,his face lit up and his fingers danced.
6David read much more than I did,about a book or two a week.He preferred history and nonfiction,while I loved fiction writers.
7On our seventh date,David and I visited the library.
8“I have a game,”he said,pulling two pens and Post-its out of his bag.“Let’s find books we’ve read and leave reviews in them for the next person.”
9We wandered in the library for an hour.In the end,we sat on the floor among the poetry,and I read him some.He listened,then asked,“What is it you like about that one?”
10That summer,as we picnicked outside,I said,“If I tell you something,will you not judge me?”David paused and raised his eyebrows.
11“I’ve only read one book this year,”I said.
12“But it’s June,”he said.
13“I know.”
14“Well,read a book!”
15The next time I visited a bookstore,his charge to“read a book”echoed in my head.I picked up a book solely for its poetic title.
16I had a hard time getting into it.The narrator was an old man.Whenever I was tempted to give up on it,I thought of David.I pushed through the first two chapters and discovered a new narrator in the third.I loved the alternating points of view.I carried the book to work.I read at lunch and on my walk home.
17“How’s your day?”David texted.
18“Good.A little tired,”I replied.“I stayed up late and finished my book.”
19I tried to make it sound casual,but I was proud of myself.It was not a competition,but I felt him pushing me to be more of the person I used to be and more of who I wanted to be.
20I asked David once what he liked about me.
21He paused,then said,“I see the world as a more wonder-filled place with you.”
22By the end of that year,David suggested we visit the library again.He asked if I remembered the game we played on our first visit.
23“I remember,”I said.
24He pulled a book from the shelf,dropped to one knee,and opened it.Inside,his Post-it read:“Karla,it has always been you.Will you marry me?”
25His proposal had rested between the pages of The Rebel Princess for over a year.
26“Yes,”I said.
56.The word“snapped”(paragraph2)most probably means“_____”.
A.talked to someone voluntarily
B.spoke to someone impatiently
C.gave someone a suggestion
ughed at someone heartlessly
57.Which of the following may best illustrate the author’s reading habit when she first met David?
A.Carrying books around without opening them.
B.Only reading the books everyone recommended.
C.Avoiding sharing books when going to book clubs.
D.Often forgetting to return the books already read.
58.According to paragraph19,why was the author proud of herself?
A.She finished reading a book she didn’t like.
B.She had read more books than David did.
C.She did what she thought to be difficult.
D.She had kept to her taste in poetic titles.
59.What was the main change that David brought into the author’s life?
A.He introduced a new library and a fun game to the author.
B.He encouraged the author to read more fiction and poetry.
C.He helped the author finish reading an entire book in a day.
D.He motivated the author to rediscover her love for reading.
Can you stand on one leg for10seconds?
Balance could be a matter of life and death.The World Health Organization estimates that684,000fatal falls occur each year,making falling the second leading cause of unintentional injury death.Some of these falls are caused by more serious conditions–but many aren’t. According to George Locker,a long-term practitioner of tai chi,a loss of balance is a medical problem that can’t be treated with drugs or surgery, despite its effects.
Increasingly,efforts are being made to remedy(补救)the balance problem among the groups already most affected by it.Tai chi,practiced by an estimated50million people in China,is an option.Studies have shown that as little as eight weeks of practice can improve older adults’scores on the Tinetti test—a commonly used measure of competence in basic tasks such as rising from a chair and walking—as well as reducing fear of falling.Longer periods of study show further benefits.
Whatever activity you choose,the lesson is to work on your balance before you need to,not after it becomes an issue.As Locker puts it: everyone’s told to save money for their retirement,and nobody’s taught to save their balance.But both are difficult to get back once they’re gone.
60.What does George Locker think of a lack of balance?
A.It is costly to get treated with drugs and surgery.
B.It is a minor issue that doesn’t affect one’s overall health.
C.It is a problem without any medical solution.
D.It is a problem that can be easily fixed by exercising.
61.Which of the following best illustrates the Medium Level practice?
A. B. C. D.
62.What is the lesson conveyed in the passage regarding balance and health?
A.Balance is the top leading cause of sudden death from injuries.
B.It is essential for those affected by balance issues to seek help.
C.Tai chi is the most effective way to improve one’s balance.
D.It is wiser to work on balance as early as possible.Just15minutes a day of practice can be beneficial,but do more if you have time. Starting earlier helps:try the exercises below on a hard,level surface.
Easy Level:Standing on one leg—with your hands resting on a work surface if you’re feeling unsteady—see how long you can maintain your balance.Do this one while you’re brushing your teeth. Medium Level:For this movement,start from standing and take a big step forwards,bending your front leg until your trailing knee just brushes the floor.Then push off your front leg and return to a standing position.
Hard Level:Try step-ups on to a step or box:put one foot on to a box and push through that heel to step up so both feet end up together.To ensure you aren’t using your trailing leg to help,keep your toes off the ground on that foot.
The concept of dynamic pricing is simple—and easy for businesses to implement.Whether it’s a Friday-evening flight,a hotel during the holidays,or a taxi ride in a downpour,we have all been burned by higher-than-normal prices due to excess demand.Raising costs when businesses are busiest is the norm across the travel industry.Perhaps the most well-known example of this is within ride-share companies,which have used surge pricing for years to charge riders when demand for cars rockets relative to the number of drivers available.
Outside travel,online stores are increasingly using this dynamic pricing,too,says Vomberg.“On alone,millions of price changes occur within a day,corresponding to a price change of about every ten minutes for each product.”While consumers might not always pick up on these variations in price,Vomberg says time-based dynamic pricing will likely become a competitive standard at least in online markets.“AI-enabled tools can suggest the best prices via machine learning algorithms(算法).They can also track and learn competitor and customer responses to price changes,”he says.
Now,surge pricing is happening in stores including bars and supermarkets as well.“Physical businesses are adopting electronic shelf labels that enable real time price adjustments depending on the time of day,stock levels and whether items are approaching their sell-by date,”says Sarwar Khawaja,chairman of the Oxford Education Group.He says this technology is likely to cause prices in bars that use these signs to increase during the rushes of dinner,weekends or holidays,or for supermarkets to adjust prices throughout the day or week,depending on volume of shoppers.
The current economic climate is also driving the need for these pricing technologies.While creating competitive prices is always key to healthy profit margins,Khawaja says dynamic pricing enables businesses to optimise their pricing depending on the financial situations of their customer base.“Businesses can offer discounts during downturns,while increasing prices in better off areas,”he says.
The changes,however,may not sit well with consumers.“Dynamic and surge pricing will likely expand to more industries and more companies in the long term,but just because a product may be popular does not mean that customers are willing to turn a blind eye to being charged more,”says Khawaja.He adds surge pricing can cause customers to lose faith in a company if they believe they are being overcharged.“Perhaps dynamic pricing of a drink in your favourite pub might be a step too far for loyal customers.”
63.Which of the following best explains“dynamic pricing”in paragraph1?
A.A system of deciding what the prices should be.
B.A means for companies to find target customers.
C.A method that helps promote sharing economy.
D.A strategy of offering discounts to attract clients.
64.It can be inferred from Arnd Vomberg’s comments that online stores__________.
A.offer the most competitive prices
B.make profits by changing prices in real time
C.confuse customers by changing prices
D.rely too much on machine learning algorithms
65.According to the passage,why do physical businesses adopt dynamic pricing?
A.To match supply and demand during peak hours.
B.To lift customer experience and encourage loyalty.
C.To maintain consistent pricing across all products.
D.To compete with online stores and businesses.
66.Which of the following best predicts how customers may react to the expansion of dynamic pricing?
A.Turn to whatever offers the lowest prices.
B.Protest against it for being too annoying.
C.Refuse to give in and are likely to resist.
D.Take it for granted and accept it altogether.
Section C
Directions:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.Focus on the one thing you are doing.
B.Habits like these which encourage you to multitask make you mentally exhausted and unproductive.
C.Make sure that you also take breaks in your monotasking,because that’s what helps your brain to stay focused.
D.So it’s a win-win for everyone!
E.The little information we do take in when we’re multitasking is more difficult to remember at a later stage.
F.You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and further encourages your multitasking habit.
Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask?
Most of us do multitasking almost daily.But it’s time to change that.Your attention is already being pulled in millions of directions daily,so you really don’t need to add multitasking to the list.Let’s take the smartphone for example.On average you check your phone110times a day—that means you’re spending23days every year glued to your smartphone!How productive do you think that makes you?67
But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask“successfully”,you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine,the happy hormone.68This rush can also make you overly optimistic,which means you are less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes.Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not.
You can find healthier,more balanced dopamine releases through ticking things on your to-do list through mono-,or single-tasking too.Since our brains can only effectively focus on one thing at a time,this is the way for you to accomplish more in less time.Research has suggested you’re50%quicker on average to accomplish a task if you monotask,and you’re also50%less like to make errors.69You’ll also be able to appreciate things on a deeper level and get more enjoyment from them when you’re focused.If you’re chatting to a friend over coffee while checking your phone,you’re not making the most out of your time with your friend!
Now you’re probably desperate to find out how to get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. There is no easy answer.You simply have to commit to it and have the self-discipline to stick to one task at a time.Just say to yourself:When I walk,I walk.When I talk to someone,I talk to someone.When I read,I read.It’s as simple as that.70And like that,you’ve mastered monotasking.
IV.Summary Writing
Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.
71.Will Plant-based Protein Continue to be an Appetizer in Food World?
A good vegan milk needs to look like milk and taste like milk,whether it’s a fatty version,preferred by bakers,or a skimmed one,favored by the health-conscious.For years,manufacturers of plant-based protein have had trouble hacking this delicate imitation game and it seems that they are winning back a bit.The global revenues(收益)from alternative proteins could reach$290billion by2035and that is a cautious estimate.However,can it last?
Unlike those early products,which were neither terribly tasty nor particularly nutritious,cleaver(剁肉刀) processing improves textures,additives boost taste and a pinch of specially engineered peas and beans adds nutrient in the latest products.Still,ultra-processed substitutes seldom match animal proteins in nutritional value.Animal products, including milk,are better for children’s bone development,though lab-grown versions of meat or dairy are becoming more nutritious.Meanwhile,green-minded consumers are realizing that plant-based does not necessarily mean sustainable in that it still takes a lot to obtain raw materials.Farming almonds(杏仁)to make a milk-like drink,for example,uses huge quantities of water.
Plant-based proteins are also a tough sell in giant markets like India,where diets are already rich in plants and vegetables,or Nigera,where meat-eating is a sign of wealth.That limits their global appeal.
All these suggests that alternative proteins have far to go to replace the animal kind.The limitations may be weighing on the firms involved.Oatly’s market value has fallen by about80%since its listing,partly because of production difficulties.That of Beyond Meat,whose burgers feature in McDonald’s latest menu,is down by90%from its peak.Plant-based foods may no longer be only an appetizer in diets,but their maker remain one in food business.
V.Translation
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.
72.我听说你的表弟是个不折不扣的“社牛”，是吗？(hear)
73.长颈鹿皮肤上橙棕色的斑点使它们可以在野外隐藏自己。

(…it…)
74.和普通巴士不同，这款智能巴士可以自动规划路线，避让行人和车辆，将乘客送达目的地。

(avoid)
75.今年参展的不少中国品牌产品通过对东方文化的深度挖掘，将传统与时尚融合，赢得了年轻一族的青睐。

(integrate)
VI.Guided Writing
Directions:Write an English composition in120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 76.假设你是明启中学高三学生赵磊，你们班最近与国际伙伴校的同学们共同开展了一个团队项目，但目前的合作效果并不理想。

项目负责人Mr.Johnson请你负责在中方同学的范围内调查原因。

你发现有些同学对团队中的角色分配不满意，有些同学觉得团队沟通存在问题。

请给Mr.Johnson写一封邮件，内容必须包括：
1.简述同学们的反馈;
2.向Mr.Johnson提出改进建议并说明理由。