第1部分人与自我主题群1生活与学习主题语境1个人家庭社区及学校生活教师用书教案20210410181

个人、家庭、社区及学校生活
编者按：
近几年我们在全国各地进行了多次高三英语一轮复习情况的调研，发现很多高三一线老师复习教材的意愿越来越低，他们认为教材中的文本材料已经陈旧、落伍，已经与近年来高考英语试题的变革不相适应。

高考试题中的文本材料更地道、更鲜活，时效性更强，语言原汁原味，文风多姿多彩，新的语言现象层出不穷，因此老师们强烈建议以高考试题中的文本作为高三复习的主材料。

基于此，我们结合高三复习的实际编写了这本教辅图书。

本书以高考真题为明线，以主题语境为暗线，以高考评价体系为框架编写而成，从核心价值、学科素养、关键能力、必备知识四个层面进行备考，最大限度地体现高考改革的意图和高考试题的变化。

主题群一生活与学习
主题语境(一) 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活
编排说明：
每个主题语境中所讲解的内容，包括单词、短语、句子，全部摘自前面的高考试题文本。

在“五年高考真题重做”栏目中，对这些单词、短语、句子在文本中进行了加黑或加下画线处理。

阅读理解
A(2020·天津5月卷·A)
Your student ID card identifies you as a student at the University of Bolton. It will provide you with access to University facilities such as University Libraries，the Sports Centre，and Computing Services. Please carry your card with you at all times. Do not lose your card or lend it to others. Your card is valid during the whole time of your studies. It remains the property (财产) of the University of Bolton at all times.
New students—Photographs
You will be requested to upload a passport sized photograph as part of the online registration process. This should be a .jpg file with a size of no more than 1 MB. Your photograph should be a portrait image in proportion (比例)to a 6 ”×4” portrait photograph. It should be taken in colour and must not have been beautified with image filters (滤光镜)．
Your student ID card will be provided for you by your department during Welcome Week. Please be aware that you will not receive this smart card during Welcome Week if you do not upload your image online by 4 September 2020.
Replacement cards
If your student ID card no longer works or has been damaged，or if you have changed your personal or programme details，you should call into the Student Administration Centre (SAC) to request a new one. Please ensure that you bring your existing card with you. Your replacement card will be produced free of charge.
If your card has been reported to the Police as stolen，please also call into the SAC to request a replacement，bringing with you a copy of your Police Crime Report paperwork. Your card will be produced free of charge.
If your card has been lost，a fee of ￡ 5 is charged for the production of a replacement card. You are requested to use our online payment service.
Note：Replacement cards will be available for you to collect seven working days after making the request. As a security measure，you are requested to collect your card in person at the SAC.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。

文章介绍了波尔顿大学学生证的作用以及办理或者更换学生证的相关事项。

1．Which of the following is a function of the student ID card?
A．To remind students to protect public property.
B．To enable students to use resources in the library.
C．To help students demonstrate their computer skills.
D．To provide information about campus facilities.
B[细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“It will provide you with access to University facilities such as University Libraries，the Sports Centre，and Computing Services.”可知，学生证的作用是让学生可以使用校内诸如图书馆、运动中心以及数据处理服务之类的设施，故B项正确。

]
2．To meet the requirements of the photograph on the student ID card，a new student should upload ________.
A．an image saved as a PDF file
B．a colour picture of their passport
C．a photo beautified by a photographer
D．a portrait photograph of proper proportion
D[细节理解题。

根据New students—Photographs部分中的“Your photograph should be a portrait image in proportion(比例)to a 6 ”×4” portrait photograph.”可知，学生证上的照片应为长6英寸宽4英寸的肖像照，故D项正确。

]
3．In which case does a student have to pay for the replacement of the student ID card?
A．The theft of the card has been officially proved.
B．The card holder has changed his or her major.
C．The card dropped off into a lake by accident.
D．The card fails to work properly.
C[细节理解题。

根据“Replacement cards”部分中的“If your card has been lost，a fee of ￡ 5 is charged for the production of a replacement card.You are requested to use our online payment service.”可知，如果学生证丢失了，在更换时就需要支付5
英镑的工本费，而C项中的“不小心掉入湖中”是丢失的一种情况，故C项正确。

] 4．To collect your replacement card，you should ________.
A．fetch it at the SAC personally
B．go through a security check first
C．call the police station in advance
D．wait for seven days before getting it
A[细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Replacement cards will be available for you to collect seven working days after making the request.As a security measure，you are requested to collect your card in pe rson at the SAC.”可知，要领取更换后的学生证，学生需要在提出更换请求七个工作日后亲自到SAC领取，故A项正确。

]
B(2019·天津卷·A)
History Fair Competition
Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting，engaging，and fun!
This Year's Theme
All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people，technology means computers，hand­held devices，or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However，technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways.
Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories：
·Performance
·Documentary(纪实作品)
·Essay Writing
Category Requirements
Performance:_A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used，they should truly represent a given period.
Documentary:_A visual presentation(such as a video，slide show，or computer project)no more than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer，screen，projector，and loudspeakers will be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday，March 23.
Essay_Writing:_An academic paper of 2,000 to 2,500 words. No illustrations(图解)are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.
Important Dates
January 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher.The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off­topic or unclear.
February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay，performance script(剧本)，or documentary highlights.
February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.
March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay.
March 15 Performance and documentary committee preview
March 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition
7：00 A．M.－9：00 A．M. Participants signing in at the gym
10：00 A．M. －6：00 P．M. Competition and judges' review
7：00 P．M. Awards ceremony and picnic
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。

短文介绍了桑顿中学举办的历史展览竞赛的相关信息。

5．According to Paragraph 1，what is the major goal of understanding history?
A．To preserve national traditions.
B．To prepare for a history competition.
C．To better know the present and future.
D．To further explore historical mysteries.
C[细节理解题。

由第一段中的“It is an essential part of who we are today an d who we will beco me.”可知，历史告诉了今天我们是谁，将来我们要成为谁，它是我们重要的组成部分。

所以根据第一段，了解历史的主要目的是更好地了解现在和未来。

故C选项正确。

]
6．What is the theme of this year's competition?
A．Technology advances science.
B．Science interacts with technology.
C．Science has made the study of history easy.
D．Technology has improved the life of Americans.
D[细节理解题。

由This Year's Theme中的“All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. ”可知，所有的参与者都必须要说明通信或运输技术在整个历史过程中如何提高了美国人的生活质量。

所以今年竞赛的主题是：技术提高了美国人的生活。

故D选项正确。

]
7．Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are ________.
A．special clothes and a screen
B．a desktop computer and a CD
C．a projector and special clothes
D．a desktop computer and loudspeakers
D[细节理解题。

由Documentary中的“A desktop computer, screen，projector，and loudspeaker will be available.”可知，将提供台式电脑、屏幕、投影仪和扬声器。

所以学校提供的视觉展示设备包括台式电脑和扬声器。

故D选项正确。

]
8．What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1,500 words to meet the category requirement?
A．Include more information in the essay.
B．Remove the references.
C．Provide a cover for the essay.
D．Explain the details with illustrations.
A[推理判断题。

本题采用排除法。

由Essay Writing 中的“An academic paper of 2,000 to 2,500 words.No illustrations(图解) are allowed.Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.”可知，要求一份2 000至2 500字的学术论文。

不允许有插图。

不要封面。

必须包括一份参考文献列表。

所以通过排除法，可以看出B，C，D 选项都被排除，故一个参与者需要在文章中增加更多的相关信息才能使一篇1 500字的论文满足类别要求。

故A选项正确。

]
9．What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?
A．Preview performances and documentaries.
B．Make comments on the materials.
C．Improve the participant's first draft.
D．Collect a second proposal from the participant.
B[细节理解题。

由Important Dates中的“February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give op inions.”可知，2月19日，教师委员会将对材料进行评估并发表意见。

所以在2月19日，教师委员会将对材料做出评论。

故B选项正确。

]
完形填空
A(2020·天津5月卷)
For the past ten years，my dad and I have attended the same school—he as an administrator and I as a student. Our relationship, in and out of school，has been totally unpredictable.
When I was younger，all that my dad said was doctrine (信条) and anything he did
I， 1 ，copied. We played games together，and stayed up late reading bedtime stories.
I could __2__ my dad taking me to school，running into him __3__ during the day and riding home with him every afternoon.
As I grew older，we were not as __4__ as we used to be. He wasn't cool any more.He wore his socks too high，listened to __5__ country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends. He became a total embarrassment.
However，the __6__ that occurred in school were even worse. The worst one happened in seventh grade. My dad came to our New Year party，7 as Donald Duck，guitar in hand，singing silly songs. Just kill me! I wanted to run away.
This __8__ continued into high school，but we somehow began to find a balance. Things started to __9__ around the time of my 10th­grade physics project.The __10__ was to build a wood bridge with the best strength­to­weight ratio (比率)．All the students and physics teachers __11__.So did my dad，the only administrator! Embarrassed，as usual，I 12 the scene. __13__，later when I learned from my friends that my dad __14__ all competitors and won everyone's admiration，I found that mixed in with my __15__ was a touch of pride.
I had needed someone else to show me what I __16__ in my dad. It wasn't the fact that he'd won; it was more than that. I began to __17__ that we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions. No matter how much I had tried to __18__ him，he still influenced me.
I feel __19__ to have such an unusual father.The __20__ I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I've grown.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者对父亲的情感变化。

1．A.temporarily B．naturally
C．originally D．passively
B[根据空前的“all that my dad said was doctrine(信条)”可知，作者小时候，父亲说的所有话都被作者当作信条，因此父亲做什么他也就自然而然地模仿做什么，故选B。

] 2．A.apply to B．count on
C．see off D．pick out
B[根据空后的“my dad taking me to school”并结合上文语境可知，作者和父亲在同一所学校，所以作者依靠父亲带他去上学。

count on sb. doing sth.“指望/依靠某人做某事”。

故选B。

]
3．A.gradually B．previously
C．regularly D．eventually
C[第一段交代作者和父亲在同一所学校，那么根据空后的“during the day”不难推出，他们两个白天在学校经常见面。

故选C。

]
4．A.close B．reliable
C．generous D．confident
A[根据第二段的描述，尤其是“We played games together，and stayed up late reading bedtime stories.”及下文的内容可知，作者小时候和父亲关系密切，但是随着作者年龄的增长，他们就不像过去那么亲密了。

故选A。

]
5．A.creative B．familiar
C．horrible D．live
C[根据空前的“He wasn't cool any more” “too high”和空后的“too
loudly”“He became a total embarrassment.”可知，作者长大一点后，父亲做什么作者都看不惯了，那么他听的乡村音乐对作者来说自然也就很糟糕了。

故选C。

] 6．A.failures B．coincidences
C．competitions D．disasters
D[根据空后的“The worst one happened in seventh grade...singing silly songs.Just kill me！I wanted to run away.”可知，作者父亲在新年晚会上唱歌的表现简直让作者无地自容，因此这对作者来说就像是“灾难”。

故选D。

]
7．A.dressed up B．broken down
C．settled down D．signed up
A[根据空后的“as Donald Duck”可知，作者父亲在晚会上装扮成唐老鸭。

dress
up“装扮”，符合语境。

故选A。

]
8．A.debate B．party
C．progress D．struggle
D[此处指的是父亲让作者在朋友面前丢脸，作者也因为有这样的父亲而感到尴尬，这简直是在“挣扎”。

故选D。

]
9．A.happen B．change
C．grow D．disappear
B[根据空前的“but we somehow began to find a balance”及下文的内容可知，事情开始发生变化。

故选B。

]
10．A.issue B．task
C．lesson D．procedure
B[根据空前的“physics project”及空后的“to build a wood bridge with the best strength­to­weight ratio(比率)”“all competitors”可知，这次比赛的任务是建造一座拥有最佳强度重量比的木桥。

故选B。

]
11．A.participated B．protested
C．hesitated D．explored
A[根据空后的“So did my dad” “my dad________ all competitors and won everyone's admiration”可知，所有学生和物理老师都参加了该物理项目。

故选A。

] 12．A.fled B．investigated
C．pictured D．made
A[根据空前的“Embarrassed，as usual”及第四段最后一句“I wanted to run away.”可知，作者逃离了比赛现场。

故选A。

]
13．A.Instead B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．However
D[下文中的“my dad ________ all competitors and won everyone's admiration”表明，此处陈述的内容与前文的负面描述形成鲜明对比，因此用However表转折。

故选D。

] 14．A.convinced B．defeated
C．ignored D．evaluated
B[根据空后的“won everyone's admiration”可知，作者的父亲打败了所有竞争者，并赢得了大家的赞赏。

故选B。

]
15．A.confusion B．encouragement
C．embarrassment D．fascination
C[此处是完全倒装句，正常语序为“a touch of pride was mixed in with my
________”。

前文提到过父亲曾让作者感到很尴尬，所以面对父亲的胜利，作者的心情应该是很复杂的，既尴尬又自豪。

故选C。

]
16．A.recommended B．tolerated
C．doubted D．appreciated
D[根据空后的“It wasn't the fact that he'd won；it was more than
that...influenced me.”可知，此处指作者需要别人向他指明他欣赏父亲身上的什么品质。

故选D。

]
17．A.recognize B．demand
C．argue D．estimate
A[空后的内容表明，作者开始意识到他与父亲其实有很多相同的价值观，有时也有着相同的观点。

故选A。

]
18．A.approach B．limit
C．resist D．believe
C[句中的“No matter how much”和“still”凸显出逗号前后内容的强烈反差。

再根据前文描述可知，父亲曾经让作者感到非常尴尬，因此作者对父亲曾一直有抵触情绪。

故选C。

]
19．A.puzzled B．fortunate
C．concerned D．awkward
B[文章发展至此，作者对父亲的态度其实已经好转，所以作者应该认为有这么一位不寻常的父亲是幸运的。

故选B。

]
20．A.strategy B．habit
C．relationship D．potential
C[根据空后的“I have developed with my dad over the years”可知，作者与父亲数年来的关系使他能够回顾以往并看到自己的成长。

relationship在此处复现，与第一段首尾呼应。

故选C。

]
B(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person，we usually say “sorry，__21__ number！”and move on. But when Dennis Williams __22__ a text that clearly wasn't intended for him，he did something __23__.
On March 19，Dennis got a group text __24__ him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital，waiting for the __25__ of a baby.
“Congratulations！But I think someone was mistaken，”Dennis __26__.The baby was born and update texts were __27__quickly from the overjoyed grandmother，Teresa. In her __28__，she didn't seem to realize that she was __29__ the baby's photos with a complete stranger. “Well，I don't __30__ you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，”rep lied Dennis before asking which room the new __31__ were in.
Much to the family's surprise，Dennis stuck to his __32__！He turned up at the hospital __33__ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey's husband was totally __34__ by the unexpec ted visit. “I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we 35 it and the gifts.”
Teresa __36__ a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website __37__ by the touching words：“What a __38__ this young man was to our family！He was so __39__ and kind to do this.” The post has since gained the __40__ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了主人公丹尼斯收到陌生人发来的信息后做了不同寻常的事以及他的所作所为对别人产生的影响。

21．A.unlucky B．secret
C．new D．wrong
D[根据上文中的“When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an
unknown person”和“sorry”可知，此处表示“错误的号码”，所填词的词义与“unknown”是同一范畴，故选wrong“错误的”。

]
22．A.received B．translated
C．copied D．printed
A[根据上文中的“g et a text message”可知，此处所填词的词义与“get”相同，故选received，意为“收到”。

]
23．A.reasonable B．special
C．necessary D．practical
B[根据句中的“But”及下文内容可知，Dennis所做的事有别于常人，故选special。

] 24．A.convincing B．reminding
C．informing D．warning
C[根据语境可知，手机短信告诉(inform)他一对夫妇正在医院等待孩子的出生。

] 25．A.w ake­up B．recovery
C．growth D．arrival
D[根据第26空后的“The baby was born and...”可知，此处填入的词在语义上应与“born”一致，故选arrival。

]
26．A.responded B．interrupted
C．predicted D．repeated
A[根据“Congratulations！But I think someone was mistaken”可知，此处是Dennis 回复的短信内容，故选responded“回复”。

]
27．ing in B．setting out
C．passing down D．moving around
A[根据语境可知，Dennis又收到了更新的短信，此处表示短信又“进入”了手机，故选coming in。

]
28．A.opinion B．anxiety
C．excitement D．effort
C[根据上文中的“The baby was born and...the overjoyed grandmother，Teresa.”可知，此处填入的词应与“overjoyed(欣喜若狂的)”在语义范畴上一致，故选excitement。

] 29．paring B．exchanging
C．discussing D．sharing
D[根据语境可知，此处表示Teresa似乎没意识到她正在和一个陌生人分享(share)婴儿的照片。

]
30．A.accept B．know
C．believe D．bother
B[根据上下文语境可知，此处表示虽然我不认识(know)你们，但我会来医院和小婴儿拍合影。

]
31．A.parents B．doctors
C．patients D．visitors
A[此处表示Dennis没有问这对新手父母在哪个房间，故选parents。

]
32．A.dream B．promise C．agenda D．principle
B[根据下文中的“He turned up at the hospital...the unexpected visit.”可知，Dennis履行了他的承诺(promise)，他带着(bear)礼物去看了那位妈妈Lindsey和她的宝宝。

] 33．A.bearing B．collecting
C．opening D．making
A[参见上题解析。

]
34．A.discouraged B．relaxed
C．astonished D．defeated
C[Lindsey的丈夫对Dennis突如其来的到访感到震惊(astonished)。

]
35．A.admit B．need
C．appreciate D．expect
C[Dennis的到访虽然出乎他们的意料，但他们对此还是非常感激(appreciate)的。

] 36．A.found B．selected
C．developed D．posted
D[根据本段最后一句中的“The post ha s sinc e gained...”可知，此处指Teresa在社交网站上发布(post)了一张照片。

]
37．A.confirmed B．simplified
C．clarified D．accompanied
D[根据语境可知，Teresa在发布照片的同时，还附上(accompany)了感人的话语。

] 38．A.pity B．blessing
C．relief D．problem
B[这个年轻人(的到来)对我们家来说就是一种祝福(blessing)。

]
39．A.smart B．calm
C．sweet D．fair
C[根据语境可知，此处填入的词应与其后的“kind”在语义范畴上保持一致，故选sweet(善良的，好心的)。

]
40．A.sympathy B．attention
C．control D．trust
B[根据下文中的“receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just
three days”可知，帖子引起了全世界社交媒体用户的关注(attention)。

]
Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思
1．facility n. 设施；设备
2．valid adj.有效的
3．upload v. 上传
4．image n. 形象；印象；影像
5．security n. 安全；保证
6．function n. 功能v. 起作用；运转
7．file n. 文件夹；文件
v. 提出(申请)；送交(备案)
8．vital adj. 至关重要的
9．essential adj. 基本的；必要的
10．submit v. 提交
11．draft n. 草稿
12．administrator n. (公司、机构的)管理人员，行政人员
13．flee v. (fled/fled) _迅速离开；(尤指害怕有危险而)逃避，逃跑
14．defeat v．&n. 击败；战胜
15．overjoyed adj. 狂喜的
16．blessing n. 祝福；赐福
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语写出英文单词
1．major adj. 主要的；重要的
n. (大学里的)主修科目；主修(某科目的)学生v. 主修；主攻
2．opportunity n. 机会
3．participate v. 参加；参与
4．struggle n．& v. 挣扎；斗争；努力
5．mistaken adj. 错误的；被误解的
6．update v．更新；矫正
7．inform v. 告知；通知
Ⅲ.根据所给提示写出派生单词
1．sure adj. 肯定的；有把握的→ensure v. 保证；确保
2．able adj. 有能力的→enable v. 使能够；使成为可能→disable v．使伤残
3．compete v. 竞争；对抗；参加比赛→ competition n. 竞争；比赛→_competitor n．竞争者；对手→ competitive adj. 竞争性的；有竞争力的；好强的
4．apply v. 应用；申请；敷；涂→application n. 应用；应用程序；申请；投入
5．perform v. 做；履行；执行；表演；演出；表现；运转→performance n. 表演；演出；表现；业绩→performer n. 表演者；执行者
6．true adj. 真实的；正确的→ truly adv.真诚地；确实
7．predict v．预言；预告→predictable adj. 可预见的；意料之中的→unpredictable adj. 不可预知的；出乎意料的
8．fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉祥的→fortune n. 财富；命运；运气→ misfortune n．不幸；厄运
9．astonish v. 使惊讶→astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的→astonished adj. 吃惊的→astonishment n. 惊讶；令人惊讶的事物
Ⅳ.根据所给汉语写出惯用习语
1．free_of_charge 免费
2．make_comments_on 发表评论
3．count_on 依靠；指望
4．dress_up 盛装打扮
5．stick_to_one's_promise 信守诺言
[即时演练]单句语法填空
1．All forms of recreation will be provided free of charge by the city.
2．He impressed us deeply with his performance (perform) at the concert.
3．Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing (astonish) ways.
4．I was fortunate (fortune) enough to stand out in the interview.
5．Even though he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions (competition) across the world, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.
6．It is bad manners to laugh at disabled people. Most of us may end up in disability (ability)one day.
7．We need to apply for planning permission to build a garage.
8．In response (respond)to the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
9．Such people always stick to their views，even if it means that they may get into trouble.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)
1．If your card has been lost, a fee of ￡5 is charged for the production of a replacement card. 收费
2．All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history.说明；论证3．Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied by the touching words...偶然的
Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)
1．History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past.
[译文] 历史远不止是对布满灰尘的老物件和久远年代的大事件的研究。

2．However, later when I learned from my friends that my dad defeated all competitors and won everyone's admiration, I found that mixed in with my embarrassment was a touch of pride.
[译文] 然而，当我后来从朋友那里得知，我的父亲击败了所有的对手，赢得了所有人的钦佩，我发现在我的尴尬中夹杂着一丝骄傲。

Ⅲ.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)
1．It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become.
[分析] 本句含有两个宾语从句，注意时态的区别，who we are today为一般现在时，who we will become为一般将来时。

[译文] 它是我们今天是谁和我们将成为谁的重要组成部分。

2．When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine and anything he did I, naturally, copied.
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。

When I was younger为时间状语从句；主句是由and连接的并列句。

第一个分句中，that my dad said为定语从句修饰主语all；第二个分句中，he did 为定语从句修饰主语anything；naturally为插入语。

[译文] 我小时候，父亲说的话都被当作信条，因此无论他做什么，我也就很自然地进行效仿。

3．I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we appreciate it and the gifts.
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。

第一个分句是否定前置句，would have randomly invited him over意为“原本无意邀请……”，是虚拟语气。

[译文] 我想我们本无意邀请他来，但对他的到来和送的礼物我们依然心存感激。

4．The post has since gained the attention of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.
[分析] 本句是一个简单句。

receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days在句中作结果状语。

[译文] 这个帖子引起了全世界社交媒体用户的关注，仅在三天内就获得了超过18.4万次转发和6.15万个点赞。

1．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性；进入(使用)的权利或机会 vt.使用；接近；进入
(1)access to...……的通路；利用……的权利
have/get/obtain access to使用/接近……的权利或机会
(2)accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to易接近的；能进入的
the only access to the village 通往村子的唯一道路
have no access to clean drinking water喝不到干净的饮用水
access the Internet访问互联网
[名师点津]access作名词讲时的特点：(1)不可数名词；(2)后面与介词to搭配；(3)前面常与动词have，get或gain搭配。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Kids shouldn't have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.
②The loft can be_accessed(access) by a ladder.
③The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world，and it's accessible(access) through a computer.
[能力提升]——一句多译
“一带一路”的发展帮助中国贸易商们得以进入更广阔的市场。

①The development of the Belt and Road helps Chinese traders to
have/get/obtain_access_to a broader market.(access)
②The development of the Belt and Road helps Chinese traders to be_accessible_to
a broader market.(accessible)
2．aware adj. 意识到的；知道的；有……方面知识的
(1)be/become aware of知道/明白……；意识到……
be aware that...知道……；体会到……
(2)awareness n．知道；认识；意识
develop/raise an awareness of...培养/提高……的意识
be aware of the dangers to their own health意识到对他们自身健康的危害
an awareness of the importance of eating a healthy diet认识到健康饮食的重要性
an awareness of green issues环保意识
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①When visiting another country，you should be aware of those differences and respect them.
②Earth Day is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness (aware)about environmental protection.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
普通表达：Through the discussion, we realize the necessity of carrying out a low­carbon economy in our count ry.
高级表达：Through the discussion, we are_aware_of the necessity of carrying out a low­carbon economy in our country.
3．available adj.(东西)可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；(人)有空的
(1)available for 可用于……的；对……有效的；能参加……的
(2)availability n. 可用性；有效性；实用性
available resources/facilities 可利用的资源/设备
readily/freely/publicly/generally available 容易得到的
the easy availability of guns获取枪支的容易性
the availability of cheap flights 有廉价机票出售
[基础练习]——完成句子
①一有货我们就会给你寄一本。

We'll send you a copy as soon as it becomes_available.
②所有能找到的医生都被召集到了现场。

Every_available_doctor was called to the scene.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
普通表达：If you're free tomorrow, please inform me at your earliest convenience.
高级表达：If you're available tomorrow, please inform me at your earliest convenience.
4．appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到；欣赏
(1)appreciate sth./(one's) doing sth.感激某事物/(某人) 做某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n．欣赏；感激
appreciate your help very much非常感谢你的帮助
appreciate the significance/value of learning English明白学习英语的重要性
express my appreciation and thanks to you all 向所有人表示我诚挚的感谢
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①For many students, W ilson's help is not only appreciated(appreciate), it's also entirely necessary for them to be able to complete their college education.
②I'd appreciate your writing (write) me back at your earliest convenience.
③I appreciate being_given(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
④I would like to convey my sincere appreciation(appreciate) to you for your assistance.
[能力提升]——一句多译
如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。

①I'd_appreciate_it_if you could take my suggestions into consideration.无伦次(appreciate)
②I'd_be_grateful_if you could take my advice into account.(grateful)
[名师点津]当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。

5．share v．共有；合用；分配；分摊；分享；共享；有同样的感情(或想法、经历等)；共同承担；分担n．(在若干人之间分得的)一份；股份
(1)share sth. with sb.与某人共享某物
(2)share sth. out among/between sb.在……之间分摊或分配 (3)share (in) sth./share sth. (with) sb. 与某人有同样的感情(或想法、经历、爱好等)
share the chocolate with the other kids 和其他孩子分享巧克力 a view that is widely shared 一种得到广泛认同的观点
shared values 共同的价值
shares in British Telecom 英国电信公司的股份
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①John had no brothers or sisters and wasn't used to sharing(share)． ②We shared the pizza between my sister and me.
[能力提升]——句式升级
普通表达：They are both interested in botany.
高级表达：They shared_a_common_interest in botany.(share)
1．My dad came to our New Year party, dressed up as Donald Duck, guitar in hand, singing silly songs .
我爸爸来参加我们的新年晚会，他打扮成唐老鸭，手里拿着吉他，唱着傻傻的歌。

[句型公式] 句中guitar in hand 为独立主格结构，相当于伴随状语。

独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。

该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。

常见的独立主格结构：
名词/代词＋⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 名词形容词/副词/介词短语
现在分词/过去分词/不定式
a happier childhood than myself.
我的童年充满了嬉戏和冒险，没人能像我那样欢快地度过童年。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Time permitting(permit)，I expect to join in more activities where we can have our friendship strengthened.
②Much time spent(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
③An important lecture to_be_given(give) tomorrow，the professor has to stay up late into night.
[能力提升]——句式升级
普通表达：He was listening attentively in class. His eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
①高级表达：He was listening attentively in class, his_eyes_fixed_on_the_ blackboard.(独立主格结构)
②高级表达：He was listening attentively in class, with_his_eyes_fixed_on_the_ blackboard.(with复合结构)
2．Embarrassed，as usual, I fled the scene.
像往常一样，我尴尬地逃离了现场。

[句型公式] 句中“Embarrassed”为形容词在句中作伴随状语。

but healthy.
令我们欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到家里，疲倦但很健康。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Excited (excite) and happy, we greeted the foreign guests at the entrance of the school.
②Tired(tire)and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
③It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily (lucky)，we made it.
[能力提升]——句式升级
普通表达：I was curious to know more about it, so I went to the library to consult books.
高级表达：Curious_to_know_more_about_it,_I went to the library to consult books.(形容词短语作状语)。