小鼠原位种植瘤模型 英文

小鼠原位种植瘤模型英文
English:
The xenograft tumor models are widely used in cancer research to study the growth, progression, and treatment of tumors. The term "xenograft" refers to the transplantation of tumor cells or tissues from one species into another, commonly from human tumors into immunodeficient mice. The procedure involves the implantation of tumor cells or tissues underneath the skin or into specific organs of mice, such as the subcutaneous tissue, the orthotopic site, or the metastatic site. This allows researchers to closely mimic the tumor microenvironment and study how tumors behave in vivo.
To establish a xenograft tumor model, different steps are followed. First, tumor cells or tissues are obtained from a patient or a tumor cell line, and they are prepared for injection into the mice. The cells can be genetically modified or manipulated to express specific genes or proteins that are of interest. Next, immunodeficient mice, such as nude mice or severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, are chosen as hosts for the xenografts. These mice lack a functional
immune system, which allows the engraftment and growth of human tumor cells. In some cases, immune-deficient mice may be humanized by introducing human immune cells to better model the tumor microenvironment.
Injection of tumor cells or tissues can be done via different routes depending on the research question. The subcutaneous route is commonly used for studying tumor growth, while the orthotopic route involves implanting the tumor cells into the corresponding organ to better mimic the natural tumor site. Metastatic models involve injecting tumor cells into circulation or directly into organs where metastasis usually occurs, such as the lung or liver. Once the tumor cells or tissues are injected, researchers monitor tumor growth by measuring the size of the tumors using calipers, imaging techniques like bioluminescence or MRI, or by sacrificing the mice at different time points and examining the tumors.
The xenograft tumor models provide valuable insights into tumor biology, tumor-host interactions, and preclinical drug testing. They allow researchers to evaluate the efficacy of potential therapeutic agents and to study tumor responses, including tumor growth
inhibition, metastasis, and drug resistance. Moreover, the xenograft models can be used to investigate tumor heterogeneity by comparing the response of different tumor subtypes or exploring the tumor microenvironment. Overall, xenograft tumor models are an essential tool for cancer research and drug development.
中文翻译:
小鼠原位种植瘤模型广泛应用于肿瘤研究，用于研究肿瘤的生长、进展和治疗。

"原位种植"一词是指将肿瘤细胞或组织从一种物种移植到另一种物种，常见的是从人类肿瘤移植到免疫缺陷小鼠中。

该过程涉及将肿瘤细胞或组织植入小鼠的皮下或特定器官，如皮下组织、原位部位或转移部位。

这样做可以模拟肿瘤微环境，并研究肿瘤在体内的行为。

为建立小鼠原位种植瘤模型，按照不同步骤进行操作。

首先，从患者或肿瘤细胞系中获得肿瘤细胞或组织，并为其注射小鼠做好准备。

这些细胞可以经遗传修饰或操作以表达感兴趣的特定基因或蛋白质。

接下来，选择免疫缺陷小鼠，如裸鼠或严重联合免疫缺陷（SCID）小鼠，作为原位种植物的宿主。

这些小鼠缺乏功能性免疫系统，使人类肿瘤细胞能够移植和生长。

在某些情况下，可以引入人类免疫细胞来使免疫缺陷小鼠更好地模拟肿瘤微环境。

肿瘤细胞或组织的注射路径可以根据研究问题的不同而有所不同。

皮下注射常用于研究肿瘤生长，而原位注射涉及将肿瘤细胞植入相应器官，以更好地模拟自然肿瘤部位。

转移模型包括将肿瘤细胞注射入循环系统或直接注射到通常发生转移的器官，如肺部或肝脏。

一旦注射肿瘤细胞或组织，研究人员通过使用卡尺测量肿瘤的大小、荧光素酶或磁共振成像等成像技术，以及在不同时间点牺牲小鼠并检查肿瘤来监测肿瘤的生长。

小鼠原位种植瘤模型为肿瘤生物学、肿瘤宿主相互作用和临床前药物测试提供了宝贵的洞察力。

它们使研究人员能够评估潜在治疗药物的疗效，并研究肿瘤的反应，包括肿瘤生长抑制、转移和药物抵抗。

此外，原位种植瘤模型可以用于通过比较不同肿瘤亚型的反应或探索肿瘤微环境来研究肿瘤的异质性。

总的来说，小鼠原位种植瘤模型是癌症研究和药物开发的重要工具。