高考英语名词性从句复习导学案

高考英语名词性从句复习
一、学习内容概览
1、名词性从句的分类
2、各名词性从句详解
3、定语从句语同位语从句的使用区分
二、内容精讲
一）定义
在复合句中具有名词性质并作主语或宾语或表语或同位语的从句，叫名词性从句。

因此，我们把主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。

二）引导名词性从句的关联词：
1．从属连词：that , if ,whether
1) that
本身没有意义，在从句中不做任何句子成分。

引导单个宾语从句时，that可以__________。

但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、形式宾语it并存的宾语从句时，that___________。

如果引导两个或两个以上宾语从句，第一个that____________，从第二个宾语从句起向后
的从句中的that____________。

E.g. I don’t think that she is coming.
It was not wise that you quarreled with you classmate.
The reason is that he is careless.
The news that our team won the match inspired us.
I don’t think it necessary that you should read English aloud.
He told me that his father had died and that he had to live alone.
2) whether 和if
都表示“是否”，在从句中不担当句子成分。

引导宾语从句时（动词后面的宾语从句）二者可以换用
I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you.
Ask him whether / if he can come.
但在下列情况下，whether 和if 不能换用：
①
_____________________________________________________________________________ ___
__________ she will come or not is still a question.
The question is __________ it is worth doing.
None of them can answer the question ____________ it is worth doing.
It all depends on ____________ they will do their best.
②
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________ it is true or not, I can’t tell.
③
_______________________________________________________________________________
I don’t know _____________ to accept or refuse.
④
_______________________________________________________________________________ Let me know ____________ you can come or not.
2 .连接代词：who , whom, what , which , whose 及whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever
既保留原意，又在从句中担当句子成分。

既“谁，什么，哪一个，谁的，无论谁，无论什么，无论哪一个”。

以上这些词都是“代词”，因此常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语，不作_________。

注意：
what 除译成“什么”，在从句中还可译成“所…的（事物）”=the thing(s) that /which.
what（pron.）在从句中，必须做成分，常做主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语
This is the book_______ I want.
This is _______ I want.
The thing __________ is most important in life isn’t money.
_______ is most important in life isn’t money.
The city is far different from _______ it was ten years ago.
She is no longer _______ she was five years ago.
◆whatever, whoever, whomever的功能
它们一般可以引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句，并在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。

此时，whatever和whoever不含疑问意义。

即whatever = _____________; whoever =
______________。

Whomever=_______________
These pictures are so special that I would do _______/_______ _______ I can to save them.
______ /_______ _______ knows the truth will tell you about it.
I will give this dictionary to _______/_______ _______ wants to have it.
【注意】whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 即疑问词+ever 的合成词还可以引导让步状语从句。

此时whatever=no matter what, whoever=no matter who ,
whomever=no matter whom, whichever=no matter which
______________________ you want, I'll buy it for you.
I'll show you ______________ you want to see.
3．连接副词：when, where ,how ,why, whenever, wherever, however
既保留原意，又在从句中做状语。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
I have no idea when he will come back home.
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
Tip: 名词性从句关联词的选择要根据关联词在句子中的成分及句意来选择。

【练一练】
1. ________ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What
B. That
C. Whoever
D. Whatever
2. ______ surprised me most was ______ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.
A. That…what
B. What…that
C. That…which
D. What…which
3. ______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
4. That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.
A. what
B. where
C. that
D. why
5. World AIDS Day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away, and_____ there are many things still to be done.
A. what
B. where
C. that
D. why
三）四种名词性从句句法结构
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

主语从句做句子主语时主句的谓语常用________。

但当what 引导主语从句时，主句谓语动词的形式应根据句意确定。

What we need _____ more money. / What we need ______ more experienced teachers.
1) that引导的主语从句
That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.
That in some countries women are still treated unequally is unfair.
总结：从属连词that在主语从句中不作成分，只起连接作用
疑问形式：Has it excited every one of us that he will come to the conference？
_________________________________________________________________？
2) 形式主语it替代主语从句
that引导的主语从句可以用形式主语替代，it前置
It has excited every one of us that he will come to the conference.
It is unfair that in some countries women are still treated unequally.
常见的it作形式主语的句式有：
①It + be + 形容词+ that从句。

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
It is probable that he told her everything.
很可能明天会有一场暴雨。

.
适用于此句型的常用形容词有：
obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, quite clear, unusual, etc.
②It + be + 名词词组+ that从句。

It's a pity that we can't go.
It's no surprise that our team should have won the game.
适用于此句型的常用名词词组有：
a fact, good news, no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.
③It + be + 过去分词+ that从句。

It is said that Mr Green has arrived in Beijing.
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
适用于此句型的常用过去分词有：
said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.
④It +特殊动词+ that从句。

It turned out that he was never there.
It happened that I was out that day.
适用于此句型的常用过去分词有：
happen（碰巧）, matter（关系重大），turn out（结果），occur to sb. （某人突然想起）等不及物动词及短语
注意：形式主语it 与强调结构it is/was…that/who中的it 的区别。

①It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. ________
②It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. ________
3) whether引导的主语从句
It is doubtful whether the work can be completed on time.
Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.
4) wh-类连接词引导的主语从句
该类词包括who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever）
when, where, how, why, whenever, where, however）
will be in charge of the project hasn’t been decided yet.
= It_________________________________________________________________________ the new road is open to traffic hasn’t been made clear.
we can’t get seems better than what we already have.
we should do next remains unknown.
【练一练】
1. _________they have won the game made us excited.
A./
B.That
C.What
D.Where
2. ________I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.
A.If
B.Whether
C.Even if
D.When
3. _________he says in his report is a very interesting question.
A.What all
B.All what
C.What
D.What that
4. When they will start________not been decided.
A.have
B.is
C.does
D.has
5. _______certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.
A.That is
B.This is
C.It is
D.It has
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。

宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。

1.作动词宾语
Do you know whom they are waiting for?
He asked whose dictionary it was.
Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan.
解题技巧：
1.动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后有宾语补足语时，要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。

如：
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
我发现早睡早起很重要。

.
2. hate, like, take, owe, have, take for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to 表示“注意，留意”时，要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。

如：
I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral.
3. hope, tell, say, know, think, consider, imagine, hear, expect, suppose, guess等词后，可以按陈述句语序接宾语
I hope that I can get the chance to attend that training.
2.作介词的宾语
It depends on whether he is coming or not.这要看他是否会来。

I was curious about what he will do next.我想知道下一步我们该做什么。

一般情况下介词的宾从都由wh-类连接词引导
只在极少数情况下由that引导，分别是：except that(除了……)，besides that(此外)，but that 要不是(只是)
其他介词的宾语从句若用that引导，则需借用it作形式宾语。

E.g. He is a good student except that he is careless.
You may depend on it that they will support you.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他是一个作者，其他一无所知。

_________________________________________________________________________
3.作形容词的宾语
sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry等表示“情感”的形容词后可接宾语从句
I’m sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.
I’m extremely sorry that I have troubled you so much.
真高兴我们再次战胜了困难。

.
4. if和whether引导宾语从句
为避免歧义，我们常用whether 引导宾语从句
5.wh-型疑问词引导宾语从句
wh-疑问词除why 以外，都可接不定式短语作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句
He explained to me how to drive a car ( how he can drive a car).
He told me what to do next. (what I should do next)
6. 宾语从句中引导词that不可省略的情况
一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that 可省略，但下列情况下一般不省略that。

1）介词except, but, besides等后跟that引导的宾语从句时。

The American stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.
2）that引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。

I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves.
He said, in his opinion, that Lei Feng was a good example of serving the people heart and soul .
3）宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时。

He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting.
Mary said that, as she was not well, she could not get the highest score in the midterm exam.
4）有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略。

I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say goodbye to us.
5）当it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句后置时。

We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.
6）当when, who, what, where, why, how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。

I know what the time is and that the wind remains low.
7. 宾语从句的否定转移
1) think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。

我觉得你不对。

.
我不相信他们已经完成工作了__________________________________________.
我觉得他并不关心，不是吗？__________________________________________?
2) 宾语从句中含有hardly, never, seldom, no, few, little等含否定意义的形容词或副词时，反义疑问句用肯定式
We find that he seldom goes to visit his parents, ____________?
8.时态的呼应与语序。

在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则：
1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。

Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？
They have no idea at all where he has gone．
Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night？
2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。

He said he would come to see us the next day.
I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing.
3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。

Dick asked Lucy how old she is．
The teacher said the sun rises in the east．
9. 宾语从句中的虚拟
在动词insist（坚持）, order（命令），command (命令), suggest(建议) , advise（建议）, propose （建议），require（要求，需要）, desire（要求，渴望）, demand（要求）, request（要求）等词后的宾语从句中，不论主句谓语动词用何时态，宾语从句中的动词一律用“（should）+动词原形”。

She suggested that Robert (should) go to London and try to find a job there.
老师要求学生在课堂上不应该制造如此多的噪音。

_______________________________________________________________________________ _
10. 宾语从句中的特殊疑问形式（又称双重疑问句）
在某些宾语从句中，宾语从句的连接代词或连接副词常被移到主句之前，构成特殊疑问形式，其构成为：
Wh-/ How do you + vt. +宾语从句的其他部分？
常见的用于此结构的动词有think, believe, consider, suppose, imagine, expect, guess, say等。

What do you think we will do next?
【练一练】
1. He was interested in________he had seen at the exhibition.
A.which
B.that
C.all what
D.all that
2. He made_________quite clear that he wouldn't change his mind.
A.this
B.that
C.it
D.what
3.I don't know_________.
A.what was the matter outside
B.what the matter outside was
C.what was outside the matter
D.what was happened outside
三、巩固练习
一）单选题
1. _____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.
A. The estimate
B. The estimate
C. They are estimated
D. It is estimated that
2. _____ was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
A. That
B. Which
C. Who
D. What
3. _____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.
A. Whoever
B. Whatever
C. However
D. That
4. _____ you say now can’t make up for what you’ve done.
A. No matter
B. Whatever
C. However
D. That
5. Although _____ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it
could occur elsewhere in the world.
A. which
B. what
C. how
D. it
6. _____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.
A. That occurred to her
B. She occurred that
C. To her that occurred
D. It occurred to her that
7. I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.
A. which
B. all
C. this
D. what
8. We lost our way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that it was
getting dark.
A. that
B. which
C. it
D. what
9. _____ occurred to him that he had forgotten to lock the door when he left home.
A. This
B. It
C. That
D. These
10. _____ or not is still uncertain.
A. He’s coming
B. If he is coming
C. That coming
D. Whether he’s coming
11. It’s _____ he’ll be able to come.
A. doubt whether
B. doubtful
C. doubt it
D. doubtful whether
12. It is _____ that the bridge has existed for more than three centuries .
A. appeared
B. risen
C. said
D. born
13. _____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.
A. That
B. When
C. What
D. Which
14. _____ is a spell of warm sunshine.
A. What do we all need.
B. What all we need
C. What we need
D. What we all need
15. _____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.
A. What
B. That
C. He
D. It
16. He told me that he _______ to London the next day.
A. would go
B. go
C. went
D. has gone
17. He said that light _______ much faster than sound.
A. traveled
B. will travel
C. travels
D. is traveling
18. Our teacher said that the moon _______ around the earth.
A. turn
B. turned
C. has turned
D. turns
19. He said that April _______ the _______ month of a year.
A. is, third
B. is, fourth
C. was, fourth
D. was, third
20. Do you know _______ ?
A. is it whose pen
B. whose pen is it
C. whose pen it is
D. it is whose pen
21. Can you tell me _______ ?
A. who are you
B. who you are
C. you are who
D. who you be
22. Do you know _______ of the three?
A. which book she likes best
B. which best book does she like
C. that which book she likes best
D. which book she best likes
23. I hear _______ the teacher will come back from the UK soon.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. whether
24. Can you tell me _______ language she speaks?
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. whether
25. Can you tell us _______ you grow cotton in your country?
A. that
B. whether
C. which
D. whose
26. I don't understand _______ you said.
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. what
27. Do you know _______ made him angry last time?
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. what
28. Can you tell me _______ the meeting will begin?
A. what
B. whether
C. when
D. where
29. _______ surprised me most was _______ he didn't go to school yesterday.
A. What, how
B. What, that
C. That, that
D. Whom, that
30. I wondered _______ they had been to America.
A. if
B. what
C. who
D. that
二、完成句子
1.__________________________________ hasn’t been decided yet.(pick)
谁将去接他还没有确定。

2.__________________________________ remains unknown.(finish)
我们是否能按时完成工作还不知道
3._____________________________________ is none of my business.(like)
你喜不喜欢他都与我无关。

4._________________________________________ is being discussed.(abroad)
他将何时出国正在讨论之中。

5.____________________________ in learning English is enough practice.(matter) 英语学习中最重要的是足够的练习。