unit 6 a clean, well-lighted place PPT
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8. How does the setting affect the plot? 9. Does the setting create a mood or atmosphere for
the story? 10. In what way does the setting reinforce the central
………..
What did he fear? It was not a fear or ew too well. It was all a nothing
and a man was a nothing too. It was only that and
Leaving out essential information of the story in the belief that omission can sometimes strengthen the plot of the novel.
Iceberg Theory
All Hemingway’s protagonists struggle to keep seven-eighths of their character hidden below the surface of their conscious lives, showing only a cool exterior to the outside world.
The Old Man and the Sea (1952) 《老人与海》
“But man is not made for defeat. ”
“A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”
The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.
nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this
nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our
nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada;
Style
It refers to the way in which the writer uses language, selecting and arranging words to say what he or she wants to say.
In other words, style is made up of an author’s choice and arrangement of diction to convey both a theme and the author’s individuality.
他怕什么？他不是怕，也不是发慌。他心里很有数，这是 虚无缥缈。全是虚无缥缈，人也是虚无缥缈的。人所需要 的只是虚无缥缈和亮光以及干干净净和井井有条。有些人 生活于其中却从来没有感觉到，可是，他知道一切都是虚 无缥缈的，一切都是为了虚无缥缈，虚无缥缈，为了虚无 缥缈。
Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom
“A Clean, Well-lighted Place”
Setting In a café at a late night
Characters
Elder
Old
waiter
man
Death
Nothingness
Young waiter
Themes
Youth and age Belief and doubt Light and darkness Selfishness and passion
DIY
Why is Nada or “Nothing” repeated in the story?
What are the symbolic meanings of the “light”, “night”, or “shadows” in the story?
How to Read Fiction?
1 Look at the plot 2 Analyze the characters 3 Identify the setting 4 Examine the narrative point of view 5 Analyze the style, tone, and language 6 Focus on symbolism and allegory 7 Identify the themes
light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and
order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew
it all was nada y pues nada y nada y pues nada.
ideas that the story examines? 11. What person (s) is/are telling the story?
12. Is the story told in the first person or in the third person?
13. Does the writer make any unusual use of diction or syntax?
For this reason, tone and attitude are often closely mingled together.
TONE
The distinction lies in the fact that tone refers not to attitudes but to those techniques of presentation that reveal these attitudes.
in 1953 Nobel Prize for Literature
in 1954
Major Works
The Sun also Rises (1926) 《太阳照常升起》
A Farewell to Arms (1929) 《永别了，武器》
For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) 《丧钟为谁而鸣》
Word choice and sentence structure help to create the tone of a work, which may be intimate or distant, bitter or affectionate, straightforward or cautious, supportive or critical, respectful or disdainful.
1. What conflicts occur in the story? 2. How are these conflicts developed or resolved? 3. Who are the protagonist or antagonist? 4. What are the characters’ most striking traits? 5. At what time period and in what geographic
In prose style, only one-eighth of the full meaning of a story is revealed, and careful readers must probe their own experience to account for all that is below the surface.
location does the action of the story occur? 6. How does the setting affect the characters of the
story?
7. How does it determine the relationship among the characters?
14. Does the writer use imaginative figures of speech? Pattern of imagery?
15. What styles or levels of speech are associated with particular characters?
Nihilism 虚无主义
Friedrich Nietzsche [ˈni:tʃə] (尼采) Nihilism is the belief that all values are baseless
and that nothing can be known or municated. It is often associated with extreme pessimism and a radical skepticism(极端怀疑论)that condemns existence. A true nihilist would believe in nothing, have no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to destroy.
Unit 6 Tone & Style
A Clean, Well-lighted Place
Tone
Tone refers to the methods by which writers convey attitudes toward the subject matter, characters, or audience.
A Clean, Well-lighted Place
Ernest Hemingway
Lost Generation （迷惘的一代）
Iceberg Theory
Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961)
An American novelist Short-story writer Journalist Pulitzer Prize(普利策奖)
pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with
thee. 我们的虚无缥缈就在虚无缥缈中，虚无缥缈是你的名字， 你的王国也叫虚无缥缈，你将是虚无缥缈中的虚无缥缈， 因为原来就是虚无缥缈。给我们这个虚无缥缈吧，我们日 常的虚无缥缈，虚无缥缈是我们的，我们的虚无缥缈，因 为我们是虚无缥缈的，我们的虚无缥缈，我们无不在虚无 缥缈中，可是，把我们打虚无缥缈中拯救出来吧；为了虚 无缥缈。欢呼全是虚无缥缈的虚无缥缈，虚无缥缈与汝同 在。
(parody) 的手法，戏仿就是二次创作，有可能达到反讽的效 果，比如《大话西游》对西游记就是戏仿。首先戏仿的是主 祷文，没错，就是今天美国宾馆依然常见的主祷文。 Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed by thy name. Thy kingdom e, thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread and forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil; amen. 圣母玛利亚的祷文。 Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee.
the story? 10. In what way does the setting reinforce the central
………..
What did he fear? It was not a fear or ew too well. It was all a nothing
and a man was a nothing too. It was only that and
Leaving out essential information of the story in the belief that omission can sometimes strengthen the plot of the novel.
Iceberg Theory
All Hemingway’s protagonists struggle to keep seven-eighths of their character hidden below the surface of their conscious lives, showing only a cool exterior to the outside world.
The Old Man and the Sea (1952) 《老人与海》
“But man is not made for defeat. ”
“A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”
The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.
nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this
nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our
nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada;
Style
It refers to the way in which the writer uses language, selecting and arranging words to say what he or she wants to say.
In other words, style is made up of an author’s choice and arrangement of diction to convey both a theme and the author’s individuality.
他怕什么？他不是怕，也不是发慌。他心里很有数，这是 虚无缥缈。全是虚无缥缈，人也是虚无缥缈的。人所需要 的只是虚无缥缈和亮光以及干干净净和井井有条。有些人 生活于其中却从来没有感觉到，可是，他知道一切都是虚 无缥缈的，一切都是为了虚无缥缈，虚无缥缈，为了虚无 缥缈。
Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom
“A Clean, Well-lighted Place”
Setting In a café at a late night
Characters
Elder
Old
waiter
man
Death
Nothingness
Young waiter
Themes
Youth and age Belief and doubt Light and darkness Selfishness and passion
DIY
Why is Nada or “Nothing” repeated in the story?
What are the symbolic meanings of the “light”, “night”, or “shadows” in the story?
How to Read Fiction?
1 Look at the plot 2 Analyze the characters 3 Identify the setting 4 Examine the narrative point of view 5 Analyze the style, tone, and language 6 Focus on symbolism and allegory 7 Identify the themes
light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and
order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew
it all was nada y pues nada y nada y pues nada.
ideas that the story examines? 11. What person (s) is/are telling the story?
12. Is the story told in the first person or in the third person?
13. Does the writer make any unusual use of diction or syntax?
For this reason, tone and attitude are often closely mingled together.
TONE
The distinction lies in the fact that tone refers not to attitudes but to those techniques of presentation that reveal these attitudes.
in 1953 Nobel Prize for Literature
in 1954
Major Works
The Sun also Rises (1926) 《太阳照常升起》
A Farewell to Arms (1929) 《永别了，武器》
For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) 《丧钟为谁而鸣》
Word choice and sentence structure help to create the tone of a work, which may be intimate or distant, bitter or affectionate, straightforward or cautious, supportive or critical, respectful or disdainful.
1. What conflicts occur in the story? 2. How are these conflicts developed or resolved? 3. Who are the protagonist or antagonist? 4. What are the characters’ most striking traits? 5. At what time period and in what geographic
In prose style, only one-eighth of the full meaning of a story is revealed, and careful readers must probe their own experience to account for all that is below the surface.
location does the action of the story occur? 6. How does the setting affect the characters of the
story?
7. How does it determine the relationship among the characters?
14. Does the writer use imaginative figures of speech? Pattern of imagery?
15. What styles or levels of speech are associated with particular characters?
Nihilism 虚无主义
Friedrich Nietzsche [ˈni:tʃə] (尼采) Nihilism is the belief that all values are baseless
and that nothing can be known or municated. It is often associated with extreme pessimism and a radical skepticism(极端怀疑论)that condemns existence. A true nihilist would believe in nothing, have no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to destroy.
Unit 6 Tone & Style
A Clean, Well-lighted Place
Tone
Tone refers to the methods by which writers convey attitudes toward the subject matter, characters, or audience.
A Clean, Well-lighted Place
Ernest Hemingway
Lost Generation （迷惘的一代）
Iceberg Theory
Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961)
An American novelist Short-story writer Journalist Pulitzer Prize(普利策奖)
pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with
thee. 我们的虚无缥缈就在虚无缥缈中，虚无缥缈是你的名字， 你的王国也叫虚无缥缈，你将是虚无缥缈中的虚无缥缈， 因为原来就是虚无缥缈。给我们这个虚无缥缈吧，我们日 常的虚无缥缈，虚无缥缈是我们的，我们的虚无缥缈，因 为我们是虚无缥缈的，我们的虚无缥缈，我们无不在虚无 缥缈中，可是，把我们打虚无缥缈中拯救出来吧；为了虚 无缥缈。欢呼全是虚无缥缈的虚无缥缈，虚无缥缈与汝同 在。
(parody) 的手法，戏仿就是二次创作，有可能达到反讽的效 果，比如《大话西游》对西游记就是戏仿。首先戏仿的是主 祷文，没错，就是今天美国宾馆依然常见的主祷文。 Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed by thy name. Thy kingdom e, thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread and forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil; amen. 圣母玛利亚的祷文。 Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee.