全新版大学英语2(第二版) UNIT8 语言点上课讲义

全新版大学英语2(第二版)U N I T8语言点
Unit 8 Protecting Our Environment
When man is happy, he is in harmony with himself and his environment. —Oscar
Wilde 人类幸福之时，亦即人类自身和谐生活且与环境和谐共处之时。

——奥斯卡·王尔德Detailed Reading
Ⅰ. Difficult Sentences
1.(Para.1) In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of colour
that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines.
1. Paraphrase the sentence.
(=In autumn, the leaves of oaks, maples and birches turned bright red against a background of green pines.)
2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.
(=秋季到来时，橡树、枫树和白桦树五彩缤纷，在大片松林的衬托下如同一片火海，熠熠生辉。

)
2.(Para.2) The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and
variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring
through in spring and autumn people travelled from great distances
to observe them.
1. Understand the long sentence.
(=This is a compound sentence connected with the transitional word “and”. In
the second main clause, a sub-clause of time “when the flood of…”is used.)
2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.
(=事实上，这里的乡村鸟类品种丰富，数量可观，因此远近闻名。

每当大批候鸟在春秋之际蜂拥而至，许多人远道赶来观看。

)
3.(Para.2) So it had been from the days many years ago when the first
settlers raised their houses, sank their wells and built their barns.
What does the author mean by saying “it ha d been from the days many years
ago when…”?
(=She means that the land had been known for abundance and bio-diversity for
a long time.)
4. (Para.2) Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change.
Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies
swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died.
1. What does the author mean by a “strange blight” and “evil spell”?
(=She refers to the shadow of death. Chickens, cattle and sheep began to die of mysterious maladies. People were stricken with strange sicknesses and
some of them died. )
2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.
(=后来，一种奇怪的疫病在这个地区悄悄蔓延开来，一切不再依旧。

这个社区中了一种什么邪，一群群鸡很快都染上了神秘的疾病，牛羊纷纷病死。

)
5. (Para.6) The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and
withered vegetation as though swept by fire.
1. What’s the function of “as though”?
(=Here the author used a figure of speech, simile to make her expression more vivid and clear.)
2. What’s her purpose by saying so?
(=She focuses on the severe consequence caused by the pollution.)
6. (Para.9) This town does not actually exist, but it might easily have a thousand
counterparts in America or elsewhere in the world.
1. Why does the author want to say by using “it might…?
(=“might” is used here to express a possibility that it may happen or may be true —such things did have happened in America or elsewhere in the
world.)
2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.
(=这座小镇在现实世界中并不存在，但是在美国和世界的其他地方，很可能会轻而易举地有数千个遭遇到与其类似命运的小镇出现。

)
7. (Para.10) What has already silenced the voices of spring in countless towns in
America?
1. What should spring be like? What does “silenced the voices of spring” mean?
(=Spring should be throbbing with life, full of birdsong. “Silenced the voices of
spring” means the spring has already been made lifeless.)
2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.
(=是什么东西使无数美国小镇的春天鸦雀无声？)
Ⅱ. Words and Expressions
1.(Para.1) in harmony with: agree with another idea, feeling etc., or look good with
other things
* Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.
我们的行为应该与话语相一致。

(=Our actions should be in harmony with our words.)
Collocation:
be in harmony with 与…协调一致
be out of harmony with 与…不协调一致
live in harmony 和睦相处
2. (Para.1) surroundings: n. everything that is around or near sb./sth.
* The house is set in beautiful surroundings near Lake Coniston.
(=We work more happily in pleasant surroundings.)
3. (Para.1) in the midst of: among or with; while (sth.) is happening
* The government is in the midst of a major crisis.
他在暴雨中离开了公寓。

(=He left his flat in the midst of a rainstorm.)
4. (Para.1) prosperous: adj. rich and successful
* I’m sure you can build a prosperous business in China.
(=After their misfortunes the family slowly became prosperous.)
5. (Para.1) bloom:
1. n. a flower, especially one cultivated for its beauty
*Fall leaves make the Japanese mad, just like the cherry bloom in the spring.
苹果树正在开花。

(=The apple trees were in bloom.)
2. vi. produce flowers; be in flower.
* Some of my last roses of summer are even more beautiful than the first ones that bloomed in early spring.
(=Everything in the garden was blooming lovely!)
NB: bloom , blossom以及flower均可作名词和动词，意为“花，开花”。

其不同点是：bloom 尤指“大的、供观赏的花，诸如牡丹、玫瑰、梅花、菊花等; blossom 指树木开花，尤指果树上开的花。

flower指开放的花朵或泛指花卉。

Collocation:
come into bloom/blossom 开花
be out of bloom/blossom 花已落
in (full) bloom/blossom 花盛开着
the bloom is off the rose 明日黄花，已失去新颖感或应时价值的事物6. (Para.1) flame: vi. become suddenly bright with light or colour, especially red or
orange
* A great fire flamed in an open fireplace.
(=His face flamed with embarrassment.)
7. (Para.1) bark:
1. vi. make the short loud sound that a dog makes
* Have you ever seen a dog barking at the moon?
这只狗对陌生人吠叫。

(=The dog barks at strangers.)
2. vt. say something quickly in a loud voice
* The captain barked into the microphone, “Attention everyone!”
他开始厉声下达命令。

(=He began barking out his orders.)
8. (Para.1) mist: n. a light cloud low over the ground that makes it difficult for you to
see very far
* We could just see the outline of the house through the mist.
(=The mist along the river banks had gone by mid morning.)
CF: mist, fog & smog
这三个词都是名词，都可表示“雾”之意。

mist 指轻雾，气象学上称作霭。

例如：
* The peaks were shrouded in mist. 山峰笼罩在雾霭中。

fog 指较浓的雾。

例如：
* We get heavy fogs on the coast in winter. 这里的海边冬季有浓雾。

smog 指工业区的烟和雾相混而造成的又黑又浓的烟雾。

例如：
* The river appeared as if enveloped in smog. 那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。

9. (Para.2) feed on: lo ok for and eat (as one’s usual food)
* Giant pandas feed on arrow bamboo twigs and leaves.
这台燃气轮机以它抽入的燃料为能源。

(=The gas turbine feeds on the fuel it pumps.)
10. (Para. 2) abundance: n. a very large quantity of sth.
* The tropical island boasts an abundance of wildlife.
(=She was blessed with talent and charm in abundance.)
Collocation:
abundance of 丰富, 许多
in abundance 充足，丰富
a year of abundance 丰年
11. (Para. 2) migrant: n.
1) a bird or animal that travels regularly from one part of the world to another
* The migrants span the animal kingdom, from whales to dragonflies.
夏天候鸟来这里筑巢。

(=Summer migrants nest here.)
2) someone who goes to live in another area or country, especially in order to find
work
*Historically, California has welcomed migrants from other states and nations.
流动工人从一国转到另一国。

寻找工资高的工作。

(=Migrant workers move from country to country in search of well-paid work.) NB: 与migrant 形似的词有emigrant “移居国外的人”，immigrant “(自国外移入的)移民”。

12. (Para. 3) creep: vi. move quietly and slowly
* Ivy crept up the walls of the building.
(=She crept up behind him and put her hands over his eyes.)
CF: creep, climb, crawl
这三个动词都有“爬”之意。

creep 多指人或四足动物匍匐爬行，尤指偷偷地或不出声地缓慢向前爬行。

也指植物的蔓
延生长等。

climb 通常指用手或足爬上或爬下，也指飞机、日、月的上升，还可用作比
喻。

crawl 指人或动物以身躯贴着地面缓慢地移动。

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. The baby ____ across the floor. (=crawled)
2. No one noticed that the little boy had _____ into the room and was sitting there, listening. (=crept)
3. Boys were _____ trees along the river bank. (=climbing)
4. It took several hours to drive the 50 miles, _______ along through the snow. (=
crawling)
5. She _____ into Chrissy's room, shutting the door silently behind her. (=crept)
6. Several fans ______ onto the roof of the arena to get a better view. (=climbed)
7. Sales have 11% this quarter. (=climbed)
13. (Para. 3) spell: n.
1) (state or condition caused by) magic power
* After a short spell in hospital she was soon back at work.
她担心你正从她魔力般的影响下清醒过来。

(=She is afraid that you are waking from her spell.)
2) a short period of time during which sth. lasts
* He's had a spell of bad luck recently.
她趁上班时一段清静的时间写了封信。

(=She managed to write a letter during a quiet spell at work. )
Collocation:
during a … spell 在一段时间内
a … spell as 作为…的时期
a spell of unemployment 失业期
be/come/fall under 在咒语的支配下；中了咒语
under sb.’s spell 被某人迷住
14. (Para. 3) settle on: fall from above and come to rest on
* When you are ready, fly down to Earth; settle on the moist green banks of a running stream.
(=As a thick fog settled on the ground it became too dark to play outside.) Pattern:
settle for 对…感到满足
settle on 决定
settle with 同…清理账目
settle down to/into 定下心来
15. (Para. 3) mysterious: adj. hard to explain or understand
* The police are investigating the mysterious deaths of children at the hospital. 一个神秘的捐助人提供了这笔钱。

(=A mysterious benefactor provided the money.)
16. (Para. 3) malady: n. an illness; a serious problem
*Between 1937 and 1941 he discovered drugs which mitigated (缓和) the worst symptoms of these maladies.
暴力犯罪是为害现代社会的弊病之一。

(=Violent crime is one of the maladies affecting modern society.)
17. (Para. 3) flock: n. a group of birds, sheep or goats
* Naturally the shepherds who had brought their flocks across must know the safest route.
一群鸟飞过来, 打猎开始了。

(=A flock of birds comes over, and the hunting starts.)
CF: flock, herd & swarm
这三个名词都有“群”之意。

flock 主要指鸟群、羊群，也指较小的动物群，也可指人群。

例如：
A flock of customers were waiting for the store to open. 一群顾客在等候着商
店开门。

herd 一般指大动物的群，尤指家畜的群，也可指人群。

例如：She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness. 她赶着牛群穿过荒野。

swarm 通常指蜜蜂、昆虫等的群。

例如：A swarm of ants are moving busily.
一群蚂蚁正在忙碌地搬家。

18. (Para. 3) puzzle: v. make (sb.) worry and think hard
* He puzzled his brains to find an answer.
(=She was still puzzling over this problem when she reached the office.)
19. (Para. 3) stricken: adj. seriously affected by a disease or a difficult situation
* Fire broke out on the stricken ship.
食物和药品被迅速运往受灾的城市。

(=Supplies of food and medicine were rushed to the stricken city.)
NB: stricken 是strike 的过去分词，意为“被打中的, 受了伤的; 被侵害的; 受…之苦的”；（作定语或构成复合词）意为“受灾的, 遇难的; 患病的; 受罪的; 愁苦的; 衰老的; 受了创伤的”。

例如：be stricken with poverty（受贫困的折磨），a stricken area（灾区），poverty-stricken （贫穷不堪的）。

20. (Para. 4) desert: vt. abandon
* His father had deserted the family when Graham was three years old.
他遗弃妻女，返回了英格兰。

(=He deserted his wife and daughter and went back to England.)
CF: desert, abandon & give up
这两个动词和一个词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意。

desert 着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。

abandon 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。

give up 普通用语，强调指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. Many of the party's traditional voters _____ it at the last election. (=deserted)
2. Bad habits are not easily _______.(=given up)
3. We had to ____ the car and walk the rest of the way.(=abandon)
4. The family refused to ____ any of their land. (=give up)
5. Mrs Hasan was _____ by her husband and had to support four children on her own. (=deserted)
6. Because of the fog they ______their idea of driving.(=abandoned)
21. (Para. 4) scores of: a large number of
* Scores of reporters gathered outside the courthouse.
那里有好多人, 也许有80个或者更多。

(=There are scores of people there, maybe eighty or more.)
22. (Para. 5) be lined with: have rows of sth. along the sides
The street was lined with small shops.
(=The road is lined with people waving flags.)
Collocation:
above the line （财政）日常支出的
below the line （财政）资本支出的
bring someone/thing into line 使符合，使一致
come into line 一致
23. (Para. 7) patch: n. an area that is different from what surrounds it
* I noticed a patch of dirt in the middle of the rug.
这只狗的皮毛白色中带有黑斑。

(=The dog's coat is white with black patches.)
24. (Para. 8) silence: vt. bring to silence, put a stop to
* She was silenced by the Inspector's stern look.
该队的表现使爱挑他们毛病的人哑口无言。

(=The team's performance silenced their critics.)
Collocation：
in silence 安静地，无声地
silence is golden (谚)沉默是金；什么话不说为好
25. (Para. 9) counterpart: n. a person or thing that has the same position or function
as another in a different place or situation
* Belgian officials are discussing this with their French counterparts.
(=The sales director phoned her counterpart in the other firm.)
26. (Para. 9) misfortune: n. bad luck
* The project was dogged by misfortune.
她不幸摔断了腿。

(=She had the misfortune to break her leg.)
CF: misfortune, disaster & calamity
这三个名词均表示“灾难”或“不幸”之意。

misfortune 普通用词，多批较为严重的不幸，强调不幸多由外界因素所致。

disaster 普通用词，指大破坏、痛苦或伤亡。

calamity 多指个人的不幸，比disaster严重，强调灾难引起的悲痛以及对于损失的感觉。

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. Natural _____ such as floods and earthquakes are common occurrences in
California. (=disasters)
2. It will be a ______ for farmers if the crops failed again. (=calamity)
3. Her ____ worsened this year, when her company eliminated her position and she
lost her job. (=misfortunes)
4. Their expedition nearly ended in ____, when one of the climbers slid off the mountain. (=disaster)
5.______ never come single. (=Misfortunes)
27. (Para. 9) tragedy: n. a very sad event that causes people to die or suffer
* Investigators still do not know what caused the tragedy, which killed all 278
people on board.
(=The tragedy happened as they were returning home from a night out.)
Text B
Ⅱ. Language Study
1. (Para. 1) To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth's
vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the
environment.
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
(=在很大程度上，地球上动植物的外表形态和习惯是环境塑造的。

)
2. (Para. 1) span: n. the amount of time that sth. lasts; the distance between the
supports of an arch or a bridge
* The record setting Sutong Bridge linking Suzhou and Nantong, with a main span of 1,088 meters, cuts a journey from Shanghai Hongqiao International
Airport to Nantong City to one hour.
人类在整个生命周期里的行为是在不断变化的。

(=Human behavior continues to change throughout the.)
3. (Para. 1) Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect… has been relatively
slight.
Paraphrase the sentence.
(= When you survey the long history of the world it is rare to find animals and plants altering their environment rather than being altered by it.)
4. (Para. 1) slight: n. small in size, amount or degree
* Monday morning saw a slight increase in traffic.
我们的计划有细微的变化。

(=There has been a slight change to our plan.)
5. (Para. 1) significant : adj. very large or noticeable; very important.
* Describe a significant event in your life that has influenced your future plans.
你今天的成功对你的整个未来可能是重要的。

(=Your success today may be significant for your whole future.)
6. (Para. 1) alter: vt. make or become different
* You need to have your dress altered to fit you perfectly.
建议你每三个月变换一下密码。

(=You’re suggested to alter your passwords every three months.)
7. (Para. 1) Only within the moment of time represented by the present century has
one species — man — acquired significant power to alter the nature
of his world.
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
(=只是在本世纪为代表的一瞬间，一个物种——人——才取得了改变其所处世界的性质的举足轻重的力量。

)
8. (Para. 2) for the most part: in most cases, generally
* The New Deal was, for the most part, phenomenally successful, but there are many ways it could have gone further or been better organized.
大多数旅客是返乡过春节的打工者。

(=The travelers are for the most part migrant workers returning to their hometowns for the Spring Festival.)
9. (Para. 2) lodge: vi. become fixed or stuck somewhere
* A bullet has lodged in my jaw.
那景象嵌入了她的脑海。

(=The image had lodged in her mind.)
10. (Para. 2) take up: assume; occupy
* Many celebrities have taken up working for green environmental awareness causes.
这件事占用我所有的注意力。

(=This thing takes up all my attention.)
11. (Para. 2) spray:
1. v. force (a liquid) out of a container through an opening into the air
* Two men on a motorcycle used water pistols to spray acid on girls walking to school.
许多商家已把“圣诞快乐”一词喷上了橱窗。

(=The words “Merry Christmas” have been sprayed onto many shop windows.)
2. n. liquid preparation to be applied in the form of spray through an atomizer or
other apparatus
* The spray starts to cut down on mosquitoes after three days.
如果使用过多的发胶，头发看起来会僵硬不自然。

(=The hair will look unnaturally stiff if too much hair spray is used.)
12. (Para. 2) creation: n. the act of creating; sth. created
* The creation of the universe is said to be the result of the “Big Bang”.
在经济不景气的时期，政府侧重于创造更多的就业机会。

(=In times of economic recession governments focus more on job creation.)
13. (Para. 3) hostile: adj. unfriendly
* The surface and soil of Mars are hostile to life.
没有什么可以在如此恶劣的环境下完成。

(=Nothing can be accomplished in such a hostile environment.)
14. (Para. 3) give out: produce, emit
* When she is reading she gives out giggles from time to time.
鸡汤散发出不错的气味。

(=The chicken soup gives out a nice smell.)
15. (Para. 3) injure: vt. hurt, cause damage to
*Eight passengers were injured badly in the crash.
运动员在脚踝受伤后不得不退出比赛。

(=The athlete had to withdraw from the race after injuring his ankle.)
16. (Para. 4) The rapidity of change and the speed with which new situations are
created follow the rash and heedless pace of man rather than the
deliberate pace of nature.
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
(=如今变化的快捷，以及产生新情况的速度，跟随的是人类鲁莽的步伐而不是大自然的从容节奏。

)
17. (Para. 4) deliberate: adj. slow and careful
* He talks in a measured tone with careful, deliberate wording, pausing at times to let what he was saying sink in.
这位老人不慌不忙地站了起来, 然后离开了房间。

(=The old man stood up in a very deliberate way and left the room.)
18. (Para. 4) interfere: vi. deliberately become involved in a situation and try to
influence the way it develops
* China won’t interfere in other countries’ domestic affairs.
昨天晚上，该卫星电视信号几次受到干扰。

(=The satellite TV signal was interfered with several times last night.)
19. (Para. 5) To adjust to these chemicals would require time on the scale that is
nature's.
Paraphrase the sentence.
(=It would take generations to adapt to these chemicals.)
20. (Para. 5) implication: n. a possible effect or result; inferred meaning
* What are the implications if you say the world is flat?
这一声明的含义是什么?
（=What are the implications of this statement?）
21. (Para. 5) adapt: v. change your ideas or behavior so that you can deal with a new
situation
* Now Tibetan antelopes have adapted to the existence of the railway and more than 300 antelopes crossed the railway from the middle of May this year.
教师应该使教学适应其班级学员的需要。

(=Teachers should adapt their classes to the needs of learners.)
22. (Para. 7) deadly: adj. able or likely to kill people
* Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest
hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest, in the history of the United
States.
这个星期，我们将去参观世界上最致命的5种动物。

(=This week, we’re going to take a look at five of the world’s most deadly animals.)
23. (Para. 7) target: n. an object, person, etc. that people aim at when attacking
* Old people using ATMs may become easy targets for thieves.
他当场击中目标。

(=He hit the target right on the spot.)
24. (Para. 7) The whole process of spraying seems caught up in an endless spiral.
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
(=喷洒杀虫剂的整个过程似乎陷入了不断上升的局面。

)
25. (Para. 7) be caught up in: become unexpectedly involved in an unpleasant
situation
* I was caught up in an executive meeting when you rang.
飞机陷入了振荡，一些乘客受伤了。

(=The plane was caught up in turbulence. Some passengers were injured.)
26. (Para. 7) …Darwin's principle of the sur vival of the fittest.
Understand this expression.
(=The idea that those animals and plants best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce while those less well adapted die out in the struggle for existence.)
27. (Para. 7) immune: vi. not influenced or affected by; safe from a disease
* I don’t think there is anyone immune to flattery.
这种疫苗会让你对禽流感产生免疫。

(=This vaccine will keep you immune from bird flu.)。