《高级英语1(第3版) 》第一册第二课

Lesson 2
Hiroshima---the “Liveliest” City in Japan


Contents
Background Information Video and Reading Materials Related Detailed Study Rhetorical Devices Exercise on Vocabulary Check on Understanding


Hiroshima is a seaport, capital of Hiroshima prefecture in southwest Japan.On Aug. 6, 1945, Hiroshima was the first city to be struck by an atomic bomb, dropped by the U.S. air force.




Background information
*Why was the bomb dropped on Hiroshima?
In the US, with the atomic bomb development still underway, it was decided in September 1944 to use the bomb against Japan. The United States wanted to Force Japan's surrender as quickly as possible to minimize American casualties. In addition, the United States needed to use the atomic bomb against Japan before the Soviet Union entered the war to establish US dominance after the war. Further, the Americans wanted to use the world's first atomic bomb for an actual attack and observe its effect. For these reasons, those in charge were in a hurry. Shortly after successfully testing history's first atomic explosion on July 16, 1945, the order to drop the atomic bomb was issued on July 25. Based on this order, a field operation order dated August 2 called for the attack to take place on August 6, with Hiroshima to be the primary target.


It is thought that Hiroshima was selected for the following reasons: 1.The size and topography of the city made it suitable for testing the destructive capabilities of the atomic bomb, and for confirming the destructive effects later. 2. There was a concentration of military troops, installations, and factories in Hiroshima that had been spared previous bombing.










Video Related
Comments on Bombing in Japan.wmv


July 3 - Japanese Defense Minister, Fumio Kyuma, has sparked public outrage by saying that the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, was inevitable and the only way of ending World War II. Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe, is now being forced to reprimand his defense minister. The Kyodo News agency reported that Defense Minister, Fumio Kyuma, said in a speech, that the bombing on Hiroshima and Nagasaki caused great suffering in the city, but said he did not resent the US, because the bomb prevented the Soviet Union from entering the war with Japan. The comments have offended the survivors.


Kyuma apologized, but opposition lawmakers called for his resignation. The Prime Minister has urged Kyuma to "take strict care with his remarks," but said the minister is not expected to resign. The remarks have dampened Abe as his cabinet's support rate has fallen below the critical 30 percent level in a poll weeks before an upper house election. This is the first time a Japanese Prime Minister's support rate had fallen this low, since 2001. And, it comes at a time when government mismanagement of pension records and voter concern about political corruption has left Abe struggling to win back support.


Reading Materials Related
Hiroshema_by_Chomsky_文档.doc


Detailed Study
Part 1 From the railway station to the City Hall The author’s feeling when he visited
the city: a sense of excitement, guilt, sympathy… The Japanese crowd: normal Taxi driver: polite, hospitable, patient, afraid of losing face Usher kimono---Miniskirt little old Japanese houses------concrete
skyscrapers


Part 2 Interview anti-climax （高潮突降法）：surprise, comic, humorous,
satire effect everyone’s expectation---mayor’s speech 2 schools: preserve---demolish; impact---hide
Part 3 Hospital great suffering of the victims


slip [Ipr, Ip] move smoothly and easily in a particular direction 沿某方向顺畅而容易地移动: The ship slipped through the water. 船在水上平稳地航行. * I slipped along the bench next to her. 我沿长?一下子滑到她的旁 边. * This wine slips down easily, ie is pleasant to drink. 这种葡萄酒很好喝.


have, etc a lump in one's/the throat (idm习语) feel pressure in the throat as a result of strong emotion caused by love, sadness, etc 喉咙哽住, 哽咽（因激动所 致）.
a lump in/to sb's throat: a feeling that you want to cry
There was a lump in her throat as she gazed at the child.
I stood there with a lump in my throat and tried to fight back tears.


preoccupy /ˌpriːˈɒk.jʊ.paɪ [T] to be the main thought in someone's mind, causing other things to be forgotten: Economic concerns are preoccupying the voters in this election
preoccupied adj. thinking about something a lot, with result that you do not pay attention to other things全神贯 注的；入神的 She's been very preoccupied recently because her mother has been very ill. Why is the media so preoccupied with the love lives of politicians?


rub shoulders with somebody informal also rub elbows with somebody：to meet sb socially or professionally 与某人作社交上或职业上的来往: to meet and spend time with people, especially rich and famous people
In his job he's rubbing shoulders with film stars all the time. 他在工作中一直与电影明星有来往.
As a reporter he gets to rub shoulders with all the big names in politics.
She claims that she rubs shoulders with (=meet) royalty all the time. 她声称她一直与王族有交往。

oblivious not knowing about or not noticing something that is happening around you; having no memory of sth 未觉察; 不注意; 忘记:= unaware oblivious of one's surroundings 不注意周围事物 oblivious to what was happening 对发生的事情无记忆 oblivious to danger 未觉察到危险.
He seemed oblivious to the fact that he had hurt her.


formula: fixed arrangement of words, esp as used on social, legal or ceremonial occasions 套语, 惯用语（尤 指社交﹑ 法律场合或仪式上使用的）:
`How d'you do' and `Excuse me' are social formulae. ‘你好’和‘对不起’是社交中的客套语.
know the formula for addressing bishops 知道对主教 的习惯称呼.


grin / grɪn; ɡrɪn/ v (-nn-) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb) smile
broadly, so as to show the teeth, expressing amusement, foolish satisfaction, contempt, etc 露齿而 笑（表示高兴﹑ 愚蠢的满足﹑ 轻蔑等）; 咧着嘴笑; 龇 着牙笑: He grinned at me, as if sharing a secret joke. 他 朝我龇牙一笑, 好像彼此会心领略一个笑话. * grin with delight 高兴得露齿一笑 * grin from ear to ear, ie very broadly 咧着大嘴笑.


intermezzo n (pl ~s or -zzi) (music 音) (a) short
composition to be played between the acts of a drama
or an opera, or one that comes between the main movements of a symphony or some other large work 幕 间插曲; 间奏曲. (b) short instrumental piece in one movement 单乐章的短小的器乐曲: two intermezzi by Brahms 布拉姆斯的两首单乐章的短小的器乐曲.


incessant adj not stopping; continual 不停的; 连续的; 不断的: a week of almost incessant rain 雨差不多没有停过的 一个星期
an incessant stream of visitors 络绎不绝的参观人流.
incessant noise / rain / chatter
incessant meetings incessantly adv: complain incessantly 不停地抱怨.


twinge a short sudden spasm of pain （一阵）剧痛, 刺痛: an occasional twinge of rheumatism 一阵突发的风湿痛. a short sudden (usu unpleasant) thought or feeling; pang 一阵思绪（通常指不快的）; 痛苦:
to feel a twinge of conscience, fear, guilt, regret, remorse, etc 良心﹑ 恐惧﹑ 内疚﹑ 後悔﹑ 悔恨等的一阵难受.
George felt a twinge of pain in his ankle from when he had slipped on the ice.
He felt a sharp twinge of guilt for not taking the trouble to visit her.
But the path took me back into darkness and I felt my first real twinge of panic.
Charles even felt a twinge of pity for Mrs Sweet.


inhibited adjective unable to relax or express your feelings in a natural way: 拘谨的，约束的
Boys are often more inhibited than girls about discussing their problems.
not confident enough to say or do what you want: The presence of strangers made her feel inhibited.


prospect: a particular event which will probably or definitely happen in the future - used especially when you want to talk about how you feel about it prospect of
The prospect of marriage terrified Alice. Greeks face the prospect of new general elections next month. He relishes the prospect of a fight.


company
【GUESTS; GROUP OF PEOPLE】[U] people who are visiting you in your home
It looks like the Hammills have company . We're expecting company this evening.xs
I just enjoy his company. It was a long journey and I was grateful for his company. I enjoy my own company (= I like being alone). I travelled in the company of (= with) two teachers as far as Istanbul. I'd rather you didn't mention it when we're in company (= with other people). I didn't realize you had company (= were with someone/people). Margot came to stay for a week as company for my mother while I was away.


sink in phrasal verb if a fact or someone’s words sink in, you gradually understand them or realize their full meaning (it is understood, and absorbed by you)
He paused a moment for his words to sink in.
The news was such a shock, it still hasn’t really sunk in
yet. 这一消息如此令人震撼，它还没有真正为人们所 理解。

Winning this tournament means so much to me. It hasn’t really sunk in yet. (I haven’t realized it yet.)


reverie [countable/uncountable]a state of imaging or thinking about pleasant things that is like dreaming 幻想; 空想; 遐想: be deep, sunk, lost in reverie 沉浸在﹑ 沉溺於﹑ 陷入幻想 中
Sometimes he would drift off into reverie, and gaze out of the window for hours. She fell into a reverie about her childhood. 她沉浸在对童年 往事的遐思中. The doorbell rang, shaking me from my reverie. She was startled out of her reverie by a ring on the door-bell.
门铃将她从梦幻中惊醒。

earthly [only before noun] literary connected with life on Earth rather than in heaven; of this world; not spiritual 现 世的; 尘世的:
our earthly pleasures an earthly paradise
earthly joys, possessions 尘世的享乐﹑ 财产.
LITERARY happening in or related to this world and this physical life, not in heaven or relating to a spiritual life: his earthly existence earthly powers


Rhetorical Devices
anticlimax: something that is an anticlimax or is anticlimactic does not seem very exciting or interesting because it comes after something that was much better. 令人扫兴的结局: The holiday itself was rather an anticlimax after all the excitement of planning it. 尽管计划度假时兴致勃勃, 而到头来假日本身却颇为扫兴.


Rhetorical Devices
Going back to work after a month traveling in China is bound to be an anticlimax. Compared to the excitement of the earlier parts of the film, the ending was a little anticlimactic. When you really look forward to something it's often an anticlimax when it actually happens. zComing home after a trip somewhere is always a bit of an anticlimax


Exercises on Vocabulary
Slipped; earthly; prospects; overwhelmed; trading; demolished; oblivious; humiliatingly; lingered; company; heinous; reverie; screeched; lump; preoccupation; grin; lurches; removed; incessant; sketch
A letter had been ____ under his door. I stood there with a ____ in my throat and tried to fight back tears. The management's ____ with costs and profits resulted in a drop in quality and customer service.


He seemed ____ to the fact that he had hurt her. They cannot stand the sight of each other, but they will just have to ___and bear it. The industry ____ from crisis to crisis. They ____ with laughter . Cantor drew a rough ____ of his apartment on a napkin. The child's ____ talking started to irritate her. The events in the newspaper article were far ____ from reality. There are good ____ for growth in the retail sector. Harriet was ____ by a feeling of homesickness. They ____ over coffee and missed the last bus.


She would be grateful for their ____ on the drive back. She was startled out of her ____ by a loud crash. Her life has been permanently blighted by his ____ crime. Miami ____ Texas 46 - 3. If you ask me, they're just ____ on Sam's good nature. He was caught cheating during the Seoul Olympics and ____ stripped of his title. I see no ____ reason why he shouldn't come.


Check on Understanding
1. Hiroshima and ____ were bombed in the WWⅡ. A. Nagasaki B. Tokyo C. Yokohama D. Kyoto 2. This is a _____ story, a type of journalistic writing. A. feature B. autobiography C. critic D. movie 3. Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its---- oysters.” Which of the following figures of speech is used in this sentence? A. simile B. anticlimax C. pun D. metonymy 4. “Yes, yes, of course,” murmured the _____, more and more agitated. A. crowd B. throng C. company D. companion 5. I am a fisherman _____trade. A. by B. on C. with D. off 6. “Hiroshima----oysters? What about the bomb and the misery and humanity’s most heinous crime?” What is the meaning of the underlined word? A. vicious B. fatal C. famous D. controversial


7. Serious-looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them. What is the meaning of the underlined word?
A. Agitated B. unaware C. attentive D. obvious
8. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. Which of the following figures of speech is used in this sentence?
A. oxymoron B. parallelism C. rhetorical question D. metonymy
9. The writer of this text is ____.
A. European B. American C. Chinese D. Japanese
10. On 6 August ____, Hiroshima was the first city to be struck by an atomic bomb, dropped by the U.S. air force.
A. 1919 B. 1960 C. 1945 D. 1938


ANSWER 1-10 A A B C A, A B D B C


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