第6讲词语翻译三词增补重复及省略

preparation
准备工作
backwardness 落后状态
tension
紧张局势
arrogance
自满情绪
antagonism
敌对态度
▪ 15. He felt the patriot rise within his breast.
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡.
▪ 16. He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.
▪ 我就是怀着这种心情进入外交界的，满腔热 情，但是知识却肤浅得很。
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（三）语言结构上的增补
▪ 1) The restless merchants were laying the basis for the coming world order of capitalism. Holland and England were taking the lead industrially.
▪ 这是一个隆盛之世，但也是一个衰微之世； 这是一个智慧的时代，但也是一个愚蠢的时 代；这是一个有信念的新纪元，但也是一个 充满怀疑的新纪元；……
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▪ 3) You got a prejudice all right—against a race that’s black. That’s why I called you white racist that night. But when you deal with a black person, I don’t feel any bad vibes.
▪ 他要求的是绝对忠诚，不是传统意义的忠诚，也不是一般的忠诚， 而是绝对的忠诚，不只是对职务、政党和观念的忠诚，而是首先 对约翰逊的忠诚。
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重复法
▪ 重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上文刚刚 出现过的词．翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些 可有可无的词；但有时为了明确，强调或生动，却往往需要将 一些关键性的词加以重复．
colonial expansion under the Tsars. 大部分是在历代少皇统治下,通过殖民扩张而并入俄罗斯帝国
的. －－－增加重迭词，数词或其他词表示复数
第14页，共27页。
二、词的重复
▪ 1）He knows nothing to his fellowmen, breathes nothing to his fellowmen but friendship and brotherly kindness
他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情,而判决他儿子有罪.
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▪ 17. Kissinger felt that Rogers was quibbling, but the lawyer in Nixon supported the quibble of a fellow lawyer. 基辛基感到罗杰斯是在挑刺儿.但是,律师出身的尼克松支持了他 同行的挑刺儿. －－－在具体名词后增加名词
▪ 为了明确
▪ 1. I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble. 我曾碰到过，不是氧气出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故
障．
▪ 2. We have to analyze and solve problems.
我们要分析问题，解决问题。
▪ 3. The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.
▪ 1. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.
晚上在参加宴会,出席音乐会,观看乒乓球表演之后， 他还得起草最后公报． ▪ 2. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.
▪ 18. Flowers bloom all over the yard.
朵朵鲜花开满了庭院. ▪ 19. The lion is the king of animals.
狮子是百兽之王. ▪ 20. Most were absorbed into the Russian empire through
▪ 我们自以为奴隶已经解放了，实际上并没有。 我们只不过用一种不同的名字称呼他们罢了。 每当人们上升到一定的地位，他们似乎就以 有了一名秘书而自豪。
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▪ In this mood, I went to diplomatic circles, earnest but only sketchily informed.
▪ 1) Science demands of men great efforts and complete devotion. ▪ 人们要掌握科学，必须作出巨大的努力并对之怀有无限的热爱。
▪ 2) Society’s first concern will remain major crime, but a foretaste of the seriousness of incivility is suggested by what has been happening in Houston.
他是一个性格复杂的人 --- 喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁 寡欢。
－－－在形容词前增加名词
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▪ 13. After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.
医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到
的实践还多．
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▪ 为了强调 ▪ 1. They would read and re-read the secret notes.
他们往往一遍又一遍地反复琢磨这些密件． ▪ 2. “I know you hate me and I hate you, we had better part right
▪ 你这个人确有偏见。你对整个黑人种族抱着 偏见。那天晚上，我说你是个白人种族主义 者，道理就在这里。但是当你跟一个具体的 黑人打交道时，我倒不觉得你有什么恶意。
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▪ 4）Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of the fashion.
▪ 5. The crowds melted away.
人群渐渐散开了.
▪ 6. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下就讲开了,滔滔不绝地讲个没完.
▪ 7. In the films of those days , all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractors together. 在那时候的电影里,部是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而 相遇，继而相爱，终而并肩开拖拉机．
没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有“普通 中国人”挥舞纸旗，花束的场面．
－－－增加动词
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▪ 3. With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!
中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊!
▪ 4. O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! 啊,汤姆.康第,生在破烂,肮脏和苦难中,现在这番景象却是多么 煊赫啊! －－－增加形容词
▪ 那些不停活动的商人给那即将到来的世界资 本主义秩序打下基础。当时荷兰和英国在产 业方面正占着领导地位。
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▪ 2) It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity,…
一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去旧金山．
▪ 14. In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.
1969年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。
－－－在抽象名词后增加名词
▪ 不错， 我喜欢中国菜。现在许多人喜欢中国 菜。这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧。
▪ 四）增加反映背景情况的词语。 ▪ In April, there was the “ping” heard around
the world. In July, the ping “ponged”.
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增词法
－－－增加副词
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▪ 8. To wash before meal. 饭前洗手．
▪ 9. Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia. 玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活．
▪ 10. Day after day he came to his work --- sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活扫地,擦地板,收拾房间.
第6讲词语翻译三词增补重复及 省略
第1页，共27页。
词的增补
▪ 玄奘 ▪ 严复 《天演论》译例言“在原文词理本深，
难于共喻，则当前后引补，以显其意” ▪ 词语增补实际上是将原文中的“内隐成分”
表达出来，这些“内隐成分”有语义上的、 语气修辞上的、语言结构上的以及文化背景 上的。
第2页，共27页。
（一）语义增补
－－－ 在不及物Байду номын сангаас词后面增加名词
▪ 11. This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。
▪ 12. He is a complicated man --- moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.
▪ 社会首先关注的当然还是重大的罪行，但是下述休斯顿市的情况预 示：如果不讲文明，将会产生何种严重的后果。
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（二）语气修辞上的增补
▪ 1) We think we have freed our slaves, but we have not; when people reach a certain status in life they seem to take pride in the fact that they now have a secretary.
▪ 他对他的同胞只知道朋友之谊和兄弟之情，而且只表示朋友和兄 弟之情。
▪ 2) He demanded total loyalty, not loyalty in the traditional sense, not positive loyalty, but total loyalty not just to office or party, or concept, but loyalty first and foremost to Lyndon Johnson.