2020年高考英语易错语法试题及解析 1动词不定式2动名词3分词4定语从句5名词从句6状语从句

动词不定式
一、单句填空
1.______(stay)warm at night,I would fill the wood stove,then set my
alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
2.I stopped the car______(take)a short break as I was feeling tired.
3.Let those in need______(understand)that we will go all out to help
them.
4.The airport______(complete)next year will help promote tourism in
this area.
5.They might just have a place______(leave)on the writing course—why
don’t you give it a try?
6.The engine just won’t start.Something seems______(go)wrong with it.
7.The old man sat in front of the television every evening,happy______
(watch)anything that happened to be on.
8.I remembered______(lock)the door before I left the office,but forgot
to turn off the lights.
9.We’re having a meeting in half an hour.The decision______(make)at
the meeting will influence the future of our company.
10.If he takes on this work,he will have no choice but______(meet)an
even greater challenge.
11.George returned after the war,only______(tell)that his wife had left
him.
12.We’ve had a good start,but next,more work needs______(do)to
achieve the final success.
13.Having finished her project,she was invited by the school______
(speak)to the new students.
14.This machine is very easy______(operate).Anybody can learn to use it
in a few minutes.
15.Tom took a taxi to the airport,only______(find)his plane high up in the sky.
答案解析
1.To stay考查不定式做目的状语
2.to take考查不定式做目的状语
3.understand考查动词不定式作使役动词的宾语省略（主动语态中）
4.to be completed考查不定式的将来式作后置定语
5.to leave考查不定式作后置定语
6.to have gone考查不定式的完成式作表语
7.to watch考查不定式作状语be+adj.+to do结构
8.to lock考查不定式作宾语，表示未发生的动作remember to do记得做
某事（尚未做）
9.to be made考查不定式的被动式作后置定语
10.to meet考查不定式作介词but except的宾语，前面无实义动词需要
加to
11.to be told考查不定式作结果状语，与only连用表示意外的结果
12.to be done（or doing）考查不定式作宾语，need to be done=need doing
13.to speak考查不定式作主语补足语，invite sb.to do的被动结构
14.to operate考查不定式作状语
15.to find考查不定式作结果状语，与only连用表示意外的结果
二、语法填空
Mbappe,who was born on20December1998,is technically still on loan at Paris St-Germain from Monaco but___21___(expect)to join the French champions for180m euros(£165.7m)as the second___22___(expensive) player of all time.Only the200meuros(£177m)PSG paid for Brazil forward Neymar in2017surpasses that fee.It is not just searing pace Mbappe is blessed
with but sublime skill,quick thinking,two clever feet,a cool head,bravery, belief and a brutal eye forgoal.His two finishes were predatory,low and powerful.What’s more，He is fast.This requires some clarification:most professional soccer players are fast,in the sense___23___they move more quickly than the average person.Some are fast in a more impressive sense,in that they move more quickly than the average professional soccer player.It was an incredible performance from a centre forward___24___has the lot: blistering pace,goals,touch and technique.
"At19,to put in a performance like that,___25___millions watching and Messi at the other end,it was simply brilliant."Mbappe,from the suburbs of Paris,only___26___his international debut last year.His rise to the top has been dizzying___27___he burst on to the scene in the2016-17season, ___28___(score)26goals in44games as Monaco reached the Champions League semi-finals and won Ligue1.
His two goals here utterly wiped out Argentina's gathering momentum and announced his supreme talent to the world.Not since1958,when the legendary Brazilian Pele,then17,found the net twice against Sweden in the final,has a teenager scored twice in a World Cup game.
"I'm very happy,and it's flattering___29___(compare)to a great player like Pele but he's in another category,"Mbappe said."Still,it's great to join the list of players that___30___(achieve)such feats."
答案解析
21.is expected考查一般现在时的被动
22.most expensive考查形容词的最高级
23.that考查同位语从句
24.who/that考查定语从句
25.with考查介词
26.made考查过去分词做后置定语
27.since考查时间状语从句
28.scoring考查现在分词作伴随状语
29.to be compared考查动词不定式的被动
30.have achieved考查现在完成时
翻译：
姆巴佩（Mbappe）于1998年12月20日出生，技术上仍然在摩纳哥的巴黎圣日耳曼租借，但预计将以1.8亿欧元（1.657亿英镑）的身份加盟法国队，成为有史以来第二贵的球员。

2017年只有2亿欧元（1.77亿英镑）的PSG为巴西前锋内马尔（Neymar）支付超过该费用。

这不仅仅是炙热的步伐姆巴佩（Mbappe）有幸拥有但崇高的技巧，敏捷的思维，两只聪明的脚，一个冷静的头脑，勇敢，信念和对进球的残酷目光。

他的两次表演完全是掠夺性的，低级的和强大的。

更重要的是，他很快。

这需要澄清一下：大多数职业足球运动员速度都很快，因为他们的移动速度比普通人快。

有些人在更令人印象深刻的意义上是快速的，因为他们比一般的职业足球运动员更快地移动。

这是一个来自中锋的令人难以置信的表现，他的表现非常出色：速度，目标，触感和技术。

“在19岁的时候，为了进行这样的表演，数百万人在观看，梅西在另一端观看，这简直太棒了。

”来自巴黎郊区的姆巴佩（Mbappe）去年才首次亮相国际赛场。

自从他在2016-17赛季开始出场以来，他的崛起让人目不暇接，在摩纳哥进入欧冠半决赛并赢得法甲1场比赛的44场比赛中打入26球。

他在这里的两个目标完全消除了阿根廷的聚集势头，并宣布了他对世界的最高才能。

自1958年以来，当时17岁的传奇巴西人贝利在决赛中两次击败瑞典网队，在世界杯比赛中有一名少年获得两次胜利。

celebrates his goals by posing with his arms___38___and thumbs up.“This is how my younger brother celebrated when he beat me in the FIFA video game,”said Mbappe.Wilfried works as coach at AS Bondy and he started training Kylian at the age of six.He also spends time coaching Adeyemi,while he is ___39___his Kylian’s agent.
Meanwhile,the Monaco star has also been linked as a grandson of Cameroonian midfield legend Samuel Mbappe Leppe.But findings by our correspondent has shown that the late Leppe,who played for Oryx Douala in the1950s and1960s,winning five league and three Cup title(1963,1968and 1970)and was the first captain to lift the African Champions Clubs’Cup in the 1964/65season,may not have any biological___40___with Kylian.
解题策略：
1.转化：links n./v.sign n./v.
2.派生：
（1）emerge-emerging cross-crossed talent-talented adopt-adopted
（2）compete-competition recognize-recognition
（3）current-currently delicate-delicately
（4）permanent
核心词汇（以sign用法为例）：
sign n.符号；招牌；标记；手势vt.签（名）；以手势表示
(1)sign a bill签署法案(2012宝山一模）
(2)sign a contract签署协议(2012崇明二模）
(3)look at the sign看那个标记（2013青浦一模）
(4)Your child may use sign language at school to communicate...
你的孩子或许在学校使用手势语言交流（2016杨浦二模）
(5)Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book,not a single customer entered the room.
尽管在展示我和我的书的图像的房间外有一个很好的标志，但没有一个顾客进入房间。

(2018徐汇一模)
参考答案：BHAIC JDKFE
翻译：
摩纳哥前锋基利安·姆巴佩(Kylian Mbappe)在过去的几周吸引了世界足坛的一些最大的球员，使得这位18岁的足球最受青睐的少年。

上赛季，这位前锋在欧洲风靡一时，在他的第一个赛季的高级俱乐部级别的所有比赛中都打入了26球。

姆巴佩是欧洲夏季转会市场最受追捧的球员之一。

周二的报道称皇马已经同意以1.61亿英镑签下这名青少年。

虽然新兴前锋的密切关注者承认他有能力实现目标，但这些人中并没有多少人知道这位天赋异禀的球员有尼日利亚人的血统，正如The PUNCH最近的一项研究所表明的那样。

他的父亲，威尔弗雷德·姆巴佩（WilfredMbappe）曾是喀麦隆人和尼日利亚人的血统，曾经是一个难民，后来移居法国寻找绿色牧场。

据报道，威尔弗雷德为了获得永久居留而与一名前手球运动员阿尔及利亚法裔女士费萨结婚。

基利安（Kylian）被授予Yoruba中间名Adesanmi，意思是Wilfred 的“皇冠适合我”，他还采用了儿子Jirès Kembo Ekoko，一名刚果血统的职业足球运动员，但拥有生物方面联系的儿子和Kylian的弟弟Adeyemi Mbappe，他的尼日利亚血统。

Adeyemi是Yoruba的名字，意思是“冠冕适合你。

”事实上，Adeyemi就是为什么Kylian双臂交叉和竖起大拇指来庆祝他的目标。

“这就是我弟弟在国际足联电子游戏中击败我的时候庆祝的事情，”姆巴佩说。

威尔弗里德担任AS Bondy的教练，他在六岁时开始训练基利安。

他还花时间教练Adeyemi，而他现在是他的基利安的经纪人。

与此同时，摩纳哥球星也被联系为喀麦隆中场传奇人物塞缪尔·姆贝普·莱佩的孙子。

但本报记者的调查结果显示，已故的莱佩在20世纪50年代和60年代为羚羊杜阿拉效力，赢得了5个联赛和3个杯赛冠军（1963,1968和1970年），并且是第一位解除非洲冠军俱乐部杯的队长在1964/65赛季，可能与基利安没有任何生物方面的联系。

文章大意：本文主要讲了一位死于与空气污染有关的哮喘发作的女学生的母亲赢得了在高等法院进行新调查的权利。

斯蒂芬·霍尔盖特教授，一位研究哮喘和空气污染的专家，被要求对她的死亡进行一份报告，并说在她入院的时间和记录与在她家附近的二氧化氮和PM10s（最有害的污染物）的峰值之间存在着“显著相关”。

借此希望政府对空气污染能有所作为。

词汇点拨：
inquest审讯，讯问;
quash v.平息；镇压；撤销，宣布无效;
bubbly adj.多泡的，起泡的；活泼的；爱说话的
prioritise v.给予...优先权，按优先顺序处理
breach v.破坏，违反；攻破
avoidable adj.能避免的；可作为无效的
attorney n.律师;代理人
certificate n.文凭；执照；证明，证书
contributory adj.贡献的,捐助的;
短语精选
link to与…有关
asthma attack哮喘发作
as a result of由于（…的结果）
be caused by由……造成
be admitted to phr.加入，获准做某事
striking association显著相关
be amended to为了……被修改
launch a fundraising campaign发起一场筹款运动
参考答案及解析：
1.A【解析】细节题。

由文中The attorney general moved on Friday to quash the inquest into the death of Ella Kissi-Debrah at the age of nine,after new evidence linked it to air pollution spikes from traffic near her home in south London.在新证据表明埃拉·基西·德布拉九岁时的死亡与她伦敦南部家附近的交通造成的空气污染激增有关之后，司法部长周五决定撤销对她死亡的调查。

可知选A.
2.D【解析】细节题。

After a long fight by her mother,Rosamund Kissi-Debrah, Sir Geoffrey Cox granted her the right to go to the high court for a new inquest.在母亲罗莎蒙德·基西·德布拉（Rosamund Kissi Debrah）的长期斗争之后，杰弗里·考克斯爵士授予她去高等法院进行新的调查的权利。

不要与后一段内容混淆。

故选D
3.D【解析】由母亲的话可知，针对的对象是政府部门，文中也说Kissi-Debrah believes the government’s failure to act to reduce air pollution from diesel traffic was a breach of her daughter’s human rights.基西·德布拉认为，政府未能采取行动减少柴油交通造成的空气污染，是对女儿人权的侵犯。

故选D。

4.C【解析】由母亲的话可知，针对的对象是政府部门，文中也说Kissi-Debrah believes the government’s failure to act to reduce air pollution from diesel traffic was a breach of her daughter’s human rights.基西·德布拉认为，政府未能采取行动减少柴油交通造成的空气污染，是对女儿人权的侵犯。

但这只是她的主观推断不能成为最后的结果。

故选C。

5.C【解析】由最后一段可知，Kissi-Debrah has launched a fundraising campaign to help pay for representation at the high court hearing.Kissi Debrah 发起了一项筹款活动，帮助支付高等法院听证会的代表费。

故选C。

译文：
母亲有权对女孩与空气污染的死亡联系进行新的调查。

一位死于与空气污染有关的哮喘发作的女学生的母亲赢得了在高等法院进行新的调查的权利。

在新证据表明埃拉·基西·德布拉九岁时的死亡与她伦敦南部家附近的交通造成的空气污染激增有关之后，司法部长周五决定撤销对她死亡的调查。

在母亲罗莎蒙德·基西·德布拉（Rosamund Kissi Debrah）的长期斗争之后，杰弗里·考克斯爵士授予她去高等法院进行新的调查的权利。

基西·德布拉说：“不能用言语表达我对司法部长做出这一决定感到多么高兴，我要感谢他得出的结论。

“没有什么能让我美丽、明亮、活泼的孩子回来，但现在至少我可以知道她是怎么死的，是空气污染把她从我们身边夺走的。

“现在，我希望一个新的调查将使当权者意识到，我们的孩子正因为呼吸的空气而死亡。

不能这样继续下去。

“为什么政府没有更认真地对待这件事？我们需要做什么才能让他们把我们孩子的生活优先于方便以及人们污染的权利？”
埃拉住在距离严重污染的路易西姆南环路25米（82英尺）处。

她三年间多次哮喘发作并27次被送往医院就诊最终于2013年2月癫痫发作去世。

去年，一位专家将她的死亡与柴油运输造成的危险的高污染联系起来，柴油运输违反了法律限制。

代表罗莎蒙德·基西·德布拉（Rosamund Kissi Debrah）的霍奇·琼斯和艾伦律师事务所合伙人乔斯林·科伯恩（Jocelyn Cockburn）表示，这一决定是迈向家庭正义的重要一步。

“调查将更好地了解她为什么死亡以及她的死亡是否可以避免。

她说：“这将迫使政府和其他机构对他们的行为作出解释，从许多方面来说，他们在这一时期对空气污染不作为。

”
“空气污染正在夺去人们的生命，最脆弱的是儿童。

我们需要更加紧迫地处理城市的空气污染，使其尽快在合法范围内得到解决。

”
基西·德布拉认为，政府未能采取行动减少柴油交通造成的空气污染，是对女儿人权的侵犯。

政府一再未能将二氧化氮污染水平控制在法定范围内。

直到2010年底，埃拉一直非常活跃，身体健康。

但在2010年10月胸部感染后，她在短暂的生命中出现了呼吸系统问题，并在伦敦5家医院接受了严重不稳定哮喘的治疗，在3年的时间内于27家独立医院入院。

2014年，南华克验尸官法院对埃拉的死因进行了调查，得出结论，埃拉的死因是急性呼吸衰竭和严重哮喘。

斯蒂芬·霍尔盖特教授，一位研究哮喘和空气污染的专家，被要求对她的死亡进行一份报告，并说在她入院的时间和记录与在她家附近的二氧化氮和PM10s（最有害的污染物）的峰值之间存在着“显著相关”。

他的报告说，“如果没有非法的空气污染水平，埃拉就不会死”。

霍尔盖特还认为，应修改死亡证明，反映空气污染是她死亡的一个因素。

基西·德布拉（KissiDebrah）发起了一场筹款运动，帮助支付在高等法院听证会上的代表费。

动名词
一、语法专项
1.I certainly appreciate his______(tell)us about the delay in delivering the materials because we had planned to begin work tomorrow.
2.These three college students are real heroes because they risked his______ (lose)their own lives in order to save the drowning boys in the water.
3.I really appreciate your______(lend)me the money to help me out.
4.The married couple regularly discussed the life habits they find______ (annoy)in each other.
5.—What is it that made Peter so happy and excited?
—______(choose)as a volunteer for Shanghai2010World Expo.
6.It is a common sense that______(expose)for a long time in the sun might seriously damage you skin.
7.Considering his poor health condition,the doctor insisted on______(he take)
a good rest before going back to work.
8.______(expose)to radiation in the laboratory too often caused Marie Curie’s death.
9.The children in Sichuan look forward with hope to______(get)a chance to receive further education in their rebuilt hometown.
10.I hear they’ve promoted Tom,but he didn’t mention______(promote) when we talked on the phone.
11.Doctors warn people that______(control)anger through unnatural methods is much more harmful to a person’s health than the anger itself. 12.—What was it that made Trump happy?
—______(elect)the US President.
13.Nowadays some parents regret not______(spend)more time with their kids when they were young.
14.The patient who had suffered from H1N1insisted on______(isolate)from others immediately,holding the belief that the disease would infect others.
15.Those businesspersons are getting well prepared for the coming season,for they can’t risk______(lose)the good opportunity.
16.The boy’s______(not do)the assignment made his father lose his temper.
17.______(finish)your homework by yourself is one of the effective ways to improve your grades.
18.I can’t stand______(work)with Jane in the same office,as she is always talking,which distracts my attention.
19.Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean______(accept) the action of the person who has offended you.
20.It cost me a fortune,but I don’t regret______(spend)a year traveling around the world.
二、语法填空
The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families.But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents,which is the opposite of the popular held image of unhappy teenagers(21)______ (lock)in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past.“We were surprised by just(22)______positive today’s young people seem to be about their families,”said one member of the research team.“They’re expected to be rebellious and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds:They want a car and material goods,and they worry about whether school is serving them well.There’s(23)______(much)negotiation and discussion between parents and children,and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process.They don’t want to rock the boat.”
So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of30years ago(24)_______(treat)their children as friends.“My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,”says17-year-old
In addition,sick___35___as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted.The Ford Motor Company was one of thefirst factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants.Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.
The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to ___36___the growth of labor unions.Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing.He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced—in fact creating a market for the product.In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and___37___good personal habits,including sobriety(沉静;严肃),thriftiness(节俭),___38___,and dependability(可信任,可靠性).
Although some___39___was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees,there can be no doubt that,at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways,Henry Ford was helping many people to___40___themselves in America.
参考答案
1.telling
2.losing
3.lending
4.annoying
5.Being chosen
6.being exposed
7.his taking
8.Being exposed
9.getting
10.having been promoted
11.controlling
12.Being elected
13.spending
14.being isolated
15.losing
16.not having done
17.Finishing
18.working
19.accepting
20.spending
21.locked
22.how
23.more
24.to treat
25.As long as
26.what
27.had done
28.that
29.when
30.taking
31—35GHICJ36—40BKEAF
三、阅读理解
Plastic has become perhaps the most demonised material of the last12 months,as the scale of pollution in the oceans becomes increasingly apparent.
With dire predictions that if nothing is done there will be more plastic in the seas by weight than fish by2050,it has become evident that we cannot recycle our way out of the plastic problem.
More than8m tonnes of plastic end up in our oceans each year.Meanwhile virgin plastic production continues apace and is set to to leap by40%over the next10years as more products are made from virgin plastic than from recycled.
But consumer pressure can force change.The Guardian revealed this year that supermarkets alone put1m tonnes of plastic packaging on to the market.
But they are increasingly aware that if their customers lose faith they will lose money.Almost a quarter of consumers surveyed earlier this year said they were extremely concerned about plastic packaging.More than half said they were doing what they could to reduce their use of plastic.
In Australia,public pressure led many supermarkets this year to announce they were phasing out single-use plastic bags.These include Coles,Woolies and Harris Farm.
Just producing plastic uses huge resources–it takes around12m barrels of oil to make the100bn plastic bags used annually in the United States alone.
This year Britain’s Iceland supermarket has led the way–and others are beginning to follow suit.Iceland has pledged to eliminate plastic packaging on its own goods in five years.
So what can you do to reduce your own plastic footprint and put pressure on supermarkets and manufacturers to move towards reuseable plastic items and hugely increase the amount of recycled plastic in their products?Here are10 top tips:
1.Start at home.Do a plastic audit of your household.Shower bottles, deodorants,washing up liquids,shampoo bottles.Aim to make reductions here by ditching shower gel for soap and the plastic cotton buds for recyclable ones; buy liquid detergent in recycled plastic bottles and find a refill station tofill them up.Shampoo bars and toilet paper in recycled packaging are also available.
2.In the US,1bn plastic toothbrushes are thrown out each year,creating some 50m pounds of waste.Try using bamboo toothbrushes instead which only take
about six months to biodegrade back into the soil when you have to replace yourbrush.
3.Carry reuseable fabric shopping bags.
4.Try buying wholesale and putting dried products such as rice,pasta and lentils into glass jars to avoid buying products wrapped in plastic.
5.Recycle old plastic children’s toys.Search for a toy library in your
area to borrow from or donate to.And consider charity shops when looking for gifts.
6.Carry a reuseable coffee cup or flask;7m plastic-lined coffee cups are thrown away in the UK every day.
7.Say no to plastic cutlery.Carry a fork with you or use a compostable alternative.
8.Ditch cling film wrap for your food.It cannot be recycled in most UK collections.Foil is recyclable,so use foil instead or reuseable plastic boxes.
e an electric razor instead of plastic disposable one.
10.Write to companies whose packaging is non-recyclable,asking them to consider using less destructive materials.Maybe even think about starting a social media campaign to raise awareness.Strength in numbers!
•This article was a mended on3January2019.An earlier version suggested that12moil barrels produced100m plastic bags.That figure is more like100bn bags.In addition,the estimate of1bn plastic toothbrushes being thrown out each year relates just to the US,not globally.This has been corrected.It was further amended on4January2019to remove a reference to a branded product.
Questions：
1.According to this article,what impact plastic has had on the environment in the past months?
A.The scale of pollution in the oceans becomes increasingly apparent.
B.The species of fish have been reduced a lot.
C.Polluted the air.
D.Raising sea level.
2.What can supermarkets do to reduce plastic pollution？
A.Do not sell plastic products.
B.No plastic packaged goods.
C.Phasing out disposable plastic bags.
D.Non-reusable plastic products.
3.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A.Plastics cannot be recycled.
B.Virgin plastics are increasingly low in our daily lives.
C.Consumers want to reduce the use of plastics.
D.It takes a lot of resources to produce plastics.
4.According to this article,which of the following methods can not reduce the use of plastics？
A.Replace plastic toothbrush with bamboo toothbrush.
B.Packaging goods with glass cans instead of plastic packaging.
C.Do not use plastic tableware.
D.Massive use of preservative film.
5.Where can we see the passage?
A.In Novel
B.In Fashion magazine
C.In Environmental magazine
D.In Advertisement
文章导读：本文选择《卫报》上关于人与自然环境之间的垃圾问题，网址为
https:///environment/2019/jan/03/plastics-consumption-r educe-2019-10-easy-ways
文章大意：本文主要讲了，塑料污染的严峻现实，以及随着塑料污染越来越严重，人们开始意识到要减少塑料的使用量。

在各大超市缩小塑料包装袋的使用和一次性购物袋的使用量，以及如何减少塑料使用的10条建议。

词汇点拨：
reduce vt.换算;使变弱;
vi.减少;减轻体重;
apparent adj.易看见的，可看见的;貌似的，表面的;
recycled v.回收利用(recycle的过去式和过去分词);再利用;
force n.力;武力;（社会）势力;魄力;
vt.强迫;强行;促使，推动;
public adj.公共的;人人知道的，知名的;
n.大众;社会;公共场所;（文学家等的）爱读者;
descend vt.下来;向下倾斜;遗传下来;来自，来源于;
vi.(from)起源（于）;是…的后裔;(on)袭击;(to)把身份降至;
ordinary adj.普通的，平常的，正常的;平庸的，平淡的;n.普通，平常的人（或事）;
regular adj.有规律的;规则，整齐的;n.常客;adv.定期地;经常地;
短语精选：
cling film食品薄膜
switch to切换到，转到，转变成;转入
by weight按重量计算
way out出路;摆脱困境的办法，出口，太平门;活路;生路
more than超过;不只是;很;在…次以上
end up in<非正>以…结束;死
set to打起来;大吃起来;<非正>开始努力干;把脸转向…
made from由…做成;由…制造
this year今年;本年度
参考答案及解析：
1.A【解析】根据文中Plastic has become perhaps the mostdemonised material of the last12months,as the scale of pollution in theoceans becomes increasingly apparent在过去的12个月中，随着海洋污染的规模越来越明显，塑料可能已经成为最受妖魔化的材料。

故选A
2.C【解析】根据文中In Australia,public pressure led manysupermarkets this year to announce they were phasing out single-use plasticbags在澳大利亚，公众的压力促使许多大卖场今年宣布，他们正在逐步淘汰一次性塑料袋。

故选C
3.A【解析】根据文中以及生活常识，Plastics can be recycled。

塑料是可以循环使用的。

故选A
4.D【解析】根据文中Try using bamboo toothbrushes insteadwhich only take about six months to biodegrade back into the soil when you haveto replace your brush.试着用竹子牙刷代替，这种牙刷只需大约六个月的时间就能被生物降解成当你不得不更换你的刷子。

以及Trybuying wholesale and putting dried products such as rice,pasta and lentilsinto glass jars to avoid buying products wrapped in plastic试着批发购买，并将大米、意大利面和扁豆等干制品放入玻璃瓶，以避免购买用塑料包装的产品。

.以及Say no to plasticcutlery.对塑料餐具说不。

故选D
5.C【解析】根据文中10easy ways to reduce your plastics usein20192019年减少塑料使用量的10个简单方法。

可知这是一篇关于环保的文章故选C
译文：
丢弃保鲜膜，改用肥皂：2019年减少塑料使用的10种简单方法
在过去的12个月中，随着海洋污染的规模越来越明显，塑料可能已经成为最受妖魔化的材料。

随着可怕的预测，如果不采取任何措施，到2050年，海洋中的塑料（按重量计）将比鱼类多，很明显，我们用无法循环利用的方式来解决塑料问题。

每年超过800万吨的塑料最终流入我们的海洋。

与此同时，维珍塑料的生产仍在快速增长，并且在未来10年内将跃升40%，因为更多的产品是由维珍塑料制成的，而不是由回收材料制成的。

但是消费者的压力会迫使改变。

《卫报》今年透露，仅超市就向市场投放了100万吨塑料包装。

但他们越来越意识到，如果他们的客户失去信心，他们将赔钱。

今年早些时候接受调查的近四分之一的消费者表示，他们非常关注塑料包装。

超过一半的人说他们正在尽其所能减少塑料的使用。

在澳大利亚，公众压力导致许多超市今年宣布逐步淘汰一次性塑料袋。

其中包括科尔、伍利和哈里斯农场。

仅仅生产塑料就需要大量的资源——单单在美国，每年生产1000亿个塑料袋就需要大约1200万桶的石油。

今年，英国的冰岛超市引领了这一潮流，其他超市也开始效仿。

冰岛承诺在五年内消除其商品上的塑料包装。

那么，你能做些什么来减少你自己的塑料足迹，给超市和制造商施加压力，促使他们转向可重复使用的塑料产品，并大幅增加他们产品中回收塑料的数量呢？以下是十大建议：
1.从家里开始。

对你的家庭进行一次塑料审查。

淋浴瓶，除臭剂，洗涤液，洗发水。

目的是通过在肥皂和塑料棉芽上喷洒可回收的胶水来减少，在回收塑料瓶中购买液体洗涤剂，并找到一个填充剂站来填充它们。

洗发水酒吧和卫生纸也可回收包装。

2.在美国，每年有10亿个塑料牙刷被扔掉，造成大约5000万磅的浪费。

试着用竹制牙刷代替，当你需要更换牙刷时，只需要六个月的时间就可以生物降解回土壤中。

3.携带可重复使用的织物购物袋。

4.试着批发和放置干产品，如大米、意大利面和
把小扁豆装进玻璃罐，以避免购买用塑料包装的产品。

5.回收旧塑料儿童玩具。

在您的
向其借款或捐赠的区域。

在寻找礼物的时候考虑慈善商店。

6.携带可重复使用的咖啡杯或烧瓶；每天在英国丢弃7米塑料内衬咖啡杯。

7.拒绝塑料餐具。

随身携带叉子或使用可堆肥的替代品。

8.用保鲜膜包住食物。

在大多数英国收藏品中，它不能被回收利用。

铝箔是可回收的，所以使用铝箔代替或可重复使用的塑料盒。

9.用电动剃须刀代替一次性塑料剃须刀。

10.给包装不可回收的公司写信，要求他们考虑使用破坏性较小的材料。

甚至可以考虑发起一场社会媒体运动来提高知名度。

数字力量！
•本条款于2019年1月3日修订。

早期的版本建议1200万桶石油生产100万个塑料袋。

这个数字更像是1000亿袋。

此外，估计每年有10亿只塑料牙刷被扔掉，这只与美国有关，而与全球无关。

这已经纠正了。

它于2019年1月4日进一步修订，删除了对品牌产品的引用。