人教版八年级英语下册Unit 10 优课件
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He has studied English for five years. 他学英语5年了。 （2）since后须接“时间点” He has studied English since 1999. 他从1999年开始学英语。
（3）二者可以转换 for + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago
already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。
如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。
Mother hasn’t come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。 Haven’t you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？
(2). Have (has) been to 意为“曾经去过某地”， 表示现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用。 如：I’ve just been to the post office.
我刚才去邮局了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
八下英语Unit 10I’ve had this bike for three years.
sectionA grammar
现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成
的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动 作或保存的状态。
结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
• 现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作
对现在造成的h影a响ve或/结h果as，+或V从过过去去分开词始一直延续到
现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不 能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。
• 一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态， 和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束）， 它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
连用。I have just had my breakfast. (现在我不饿)
2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。
I have lived here for three years. I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.
5. have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
(1). Have (has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了 多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
I have bought two apples． 我买了两个苹
果。 （“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在 造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）
在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完 成时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中，ever, yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 如：I have already finished my homework．
一般疑问句： have / has … ? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
1. 现在完成时动词构成 have /has + v 过去分词
助动词
否定
haven’t hasn’t
疑问
Have you…? Has he…?
We have learned 1,000 English words
_s_i_n_c_e__ we came to this school.
B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此 类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.
e.g. Have you _e_v_e_r_been to Japan? I have _j_u_s_t_ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _a_lr_e_a_d_y. I haven’t finished my homework _y_e_t_.
常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,
ever, never, before, several times
现在完成时
moved here havienb2r0e0a4kfast
I’mI sntoiltl hliuvenghreyrenow
past
now
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等状语
注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是 一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for …, since … 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些 词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用， 即动作的不发生是可以持续的。
我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？ 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven‘t started yet. 他们还没有身。 We have never heard of it． 我们从来没有听说过这件事。
动词构成：have/has+v过去分词
2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。
1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。
2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。
Have you ever played football?
Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven't played for a while now.
for 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用
for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较 大： （1）for后须接“时间段”
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语 A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体
的过去时间。
( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
eg.I have been a teacher _f_o_r___ a year. He has been at this school _s_in_c_e___ 1992.
Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought
a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。
He has been here for five weeks. = He has been here since five weeks ago. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。
(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完 成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。
如： He has taught here since he came to China. 自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。 We have been friends since we met in school. 我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。
注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语 (如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等)连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用； 也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如： today, this morning, this week, this year等)连用。
（5）现在完成时常用句型： ①It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或 从句
It is four days since last Friday. 从上周五到现在已经四天了。
It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing. 吉姆来北京已经两年了。
例如：
He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。(他已前往香港, 或在途中, 或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场) He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到过香港。 (说话人认为他过去到过香港, 现在已不在该地。 言外之意他对香港有所了解)
Grammartime that + 从句 句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。
如： This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been to China. 这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。 This is the third time that I have seen Karen. 这是我第三次见到Karen。
3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下：
I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。
I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
(3). Have (has) been to 后面可接次数， 表示去过某地几次。
如：I've been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 (4). Have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示 到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人 不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。 如: —Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ —He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。
4. 在现在完成时中 ever, never, just, already, yet 在用法和意思上有什么区别？
现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果。
如：Have you read that story？你读过那个故
事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现 在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）
How long have you had I've had it for three that bike over there? years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set?
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
（3）二者可以转换 for + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago
already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。
如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。
Mother hasn’t come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。 Haven’t you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？
(2). Have (has) been to 意为“曾经去过某地”， 表示现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用。 如：I’ve just been to the post office.
我刚才去邮局了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
八下英语Unit 10I’ve had this bike for three years.
sectionA grammar
现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成
的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动 作或保存的状态。
结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
• 现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作
对现在造成的h影a响ve或/结h果as，+或V从过过去去分开词始一直延续到
现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不 能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。
• 一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态， 和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束）， 它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
连用。I have just had my breakfast. (现在我不饿)
2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。
I have lived here for three years. I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.
5. have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
(1). Have (has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了 多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
I have bought two apples． 我买了两个苹
果。 （“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在 造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）
在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完 成时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中，ever, yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 如：I have already finished my homework．
一般疑问句： have / has … ? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
1. 现在完成时动词构成 have /has + v 过去分词
助动词
否定
haven’t hasn’t
疑问
Have you…? Has he…?
We have learned 1,000 English words
_s_i_n_c_e__ we came to this school.
B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此 类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.
e.g. Have you _e_v_e_r_been to Japan? I have _j_u_s_t_ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _a_lr_e_a_d_y. I haven’t finished my homework _y_e_t_.
常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,
ever, never, before, several times
现在完成时
moved here havienb2r0e0a4kfast
I’mI sntoiltl hliuvenghreyrenow
past
now
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等状语
注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是 一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for …, since … 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些 词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用， 即动作的不发生是可以持续的。
我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？ 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven‘t started yet. 他们还没有身。 We have never heard of it． 我们从来没有听说过这件事。
动词构成：have/has+v过去分词
2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。
1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。
2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。
Have you ever played football?
Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven't played for a while now.
for 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用
for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较 大： （1）for后须接“时间段”
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语 A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体
的过去时间。
( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
eg.I have been a teacher _f_o_r___ a year. He has been at this school _s_in_c_e___ 1992.
Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought
a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。
He has been here for five weeks. = He has been here since five weeks ago. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。
(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完 成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。
如： He has taught here since he came to China. 自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。 We have been friends since we met in school. 我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。
注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语 (如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等)连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用； 也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如： today, this morning, this week, this year等)连用。
（5）现在完成时常用句型： ①It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或 从句
It is four days since last Friday. 从上周五到现在已经四天了。
It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing. 吉姆来北京已经两年了。
例如：
He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。(他已前往香港, 或在途中, 或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场) He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到过香港。 (说话人认为他过去到过香港, 现在已不在该地。 言外之意他对香港有所了解)
Grammartime that + 从句 句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。
如： This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been to China. 这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。 This is the third time that I have seen Karen. 这是我第三次见到Karen。
3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下：
I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。
I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
(3). Have (has) been to 后面可接次数， 表示去过某地几次。
如：I've been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 (4). Have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示 到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人 不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。 如: —Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ —He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。
4. 在现在完成时中 ever, never, just, already, yet 在用法和意思上有什么区别？
现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果。
如：Have you read that story？你读过那个故
事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现 在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）
How long have you had I've had it for three that bike over there? years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set?
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.