机电一体化专业外文翻译--PLC简介

外文原文：
Plc Introduction Programmable controller is the first in the late 1960s in the United States, then called Plc programmable
logic.controller .(ProgrammableLogicController) is used to replace relays. For the implementation of the logical judgement, timing, sequence number, and other control functions. The concept is presented Plc General Motors Corporation. Plc and the basic design is the computer functional improvements, flexible, generic and other advantages and relay control system simple and easy to operate, such as the advantages of cheap prices combined controller hardware is standard and overall. According to the practical application of target software in order to control the content of the user procedures memory controller, the controller and connecting the accused convenient target.
In the mid-1970s, the Plc has been widely used as a central processing unit microprocessor, import export module and the external circuits are used, large-scale integrated circuits even when the Plc is no longer the only logical (IC) judgement functions also have data processing, PID conditioning and data communications functions. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards promulgated programmable controller for programmable controller draft made the following definition :
programmable controller is a digital electronic computers operating system, specifically for applications in the industrial design environment. It used programmable memory, used to implement logic in their internal storage operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, such as operating instructions, and through digital and analog input and output, the control of various types of machinery or production processes.
Programmable controller and related peripherals, and industrial control systems easily linked to form a whole, to expand its functional design. Programmable controller for the user, is a non-contact equipment, the procedures can be changed to change production processes. The programmable controller has become a powerful tool for factory automation, widely popular replication. Programmable controller is user-oriented industries dedicated control computer, with many distinctive features. First, high reliability, anti-interference capability;
Second programming visual, simple;
Third, adaptability good;
Fourth functional improvements, strong functional interface
1. Subject content and application scope
This national standard specifies the technical requirements and quality requirements for the lift traction machines with rated speed less than 25m/s.
This national standard is applicable to traction machines designed for passenger lift, sickbed lift and freight lift. It's inapplicable to the traction machines designed for dumbwaiter lift and all kinds of lifts with rated speed not less than 2.5m/s. The other traction machines designed for all kinds of lifts with rated speed not less than 2.5m/s can make reference from this national standard for enforcement.
2. Normative references
GB 3768 Determination of sound power levels of noise - Simple method
GB 7025 Major parameter of lift, version and dimension of car, shaft and machine room
GB 7588 Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts
GB 10058 Specifications for lifts
GB 10085 Basic parameters of single enveloping worm gear
GB 10089 Cylindrical worm, worm wheel accuracy
GB 12974 General Technical Specifications for AC Lift Motor
GB 11368 Cleanliness of gear assembly
GB 191 Packaging - Pictorial markings for handling of goods
3.Terminology
Rated speed of traction machine
It's the linear speed of the pitch diameter of traction wheel, corresponding to the rated speed of car.
Rated load of traction machine
When the traction ratio is 1:1 and the balance coefficient is 0.40, it means the rated load of the car in the tangential traction of the traction wheel.
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
GBT 10058-1997
Specifications for Lifts
Foreword
The national standard is the amendment to the original Specifications for Lifts GB 10058-88, main content of which are as the following:
1) In chapter “ whole performance”, the regulations of classification are canceled, which include acceleration and redarded speed of vertical vibration, acceleration and redarded speed of horizontal vibration, as well as indicators of noise and leveling accuracy.
2) For improving operation efficiency of the lifts, the requirements to open time and close time of passenger lifts are added in the national standard.
3) In chapter “reliability”, the regulation of classification of reliability indicator is canceled; examining requests to control cabinet which is considered as commodity component are added in the national standard.
4) In Appendix A, specific regulations are made to technical documents kept in manufacturer after sale of lifts.
The standard will replace GB 10058-88 since the effective date.
Appendix A is a standard appendix.
The standard is proposed by Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China.
The standard is under the jurisdiction of China Lift Standardization Technical Committee.
This standard is drafted by Institute of Construction Mechanization of China Academy of Building Research, Beijing Schindler Elevator Co., Ltd in China, Tianjin Otis Elevator Co., Ltd in China, and Guangzhou Elevator Industry Co., Ltd.
The standard is mainly prepared by Kerong Peng, Guozhen Zhang, Xiaohui Xi and Xizhi Yang.
The standard was firstly issued in 1988 and firstly revised in 1997.
1 Scope
The standard formulates technical specifications of passenger lifts and freight lifts, inspection provisions, indication marks, package, transportation and storage.
The standard is applicable to power-actuated traction-type or compulsory-type passenger lifts and freight lifts whose rated speed is not higher than 2.5m/s;
The standard is inapplicable to hydraulic lifts and dumbwaiter lifts.
2 Normative References
The articles included in the following standards become the articles of the national standard by quotation. The listed editions are efficient while the standard is published. All standards will be revised, so all parties who use the following standards should consider the latest edition as possible.
GB 2828-87 In-batch Check Counting Sampling Process and Sample Table(suitable for continuous batch)
GB 7588-1995 Safety Code for Manufacturing and Installation of Lifts (eqv EN 81-1: 1985)
In this code, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Section 7.2.1 (partial), Section 8.17.1, Section 9.1.2b), Section 9.9.6.2 (partial), Section 12.6 (partial), Section 13.1.1.3, Section 15.2.3.2 (partial), Section 16.2a)6) (partial), Appendix C, Appendix E, Appendix G, Appendix M and Appendix ZA are recommendatory; the rest are obligatory.
This code is the revised version of GB 7588-1995 Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts (equivalent to EN81-1: 1985) on the base of EN81-1: 1998 Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts issued by European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This revised version is equivalent to EN81-1:1998 in the fields of technical contents and article numbering.
Compared with EN81-1:1985, EN81-1:1998 changed huge parts of contents. The new version increases plenty of new technical contents and new calculation method. Besides a few parts are changed according to the Chinse lift situations, this revised version is basically compliant to the contents of EN81-1:1998.
In the revised version, the following major technical contents are changed:
1. GB 7588-1995 version has a concise and definite application scope, so this revised version reserve the application scope of GB 7588-1995. For the purpose of presenting the definiteness, the revised version adds sickbed lift, deletes the application scope of EN81－1:1998.
2. This revised version makes the following changes from the quoted terms and conditions of EN81-1:1998.
(1) If the international standards or overseas advanced standards listed in "Quoted Codes" of EN81-1:1998 have already equivalently adopted as Chinese national standards (GB) or industry standard, then this quoted terms and conditions are directly named as the corresponding Chinese code number.
(2) The code name that is not included in the Quoted Codes and make no mention in EN81-1:1998 has some content involved in the Chinese code, so it is also listed in the Quoted Codes of this code. For instance, in Clause :16.2a)6), the original text "use CENELEC symbols" is listed in Chinese national standard GB/T 4728, Graphical
Symbols for Electrical Diagrams. And Clause 9.1.2c) is listed in the Chinese national standard GB 8903, Wire Ropes for Lifts.
(3) The foreign code name listed in EN81-1:1998 but not inverted into Chinese national standards, we directly refer the foreign code name. For instance, ENl2015 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Lifts, Escalators and Passenger Conveyors - Emission, EN12016 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Lifts, Escalators and Passenger Conveyors– Immunity.
3. In order to coordinate with other Chinese lift standards, the nomenclatures that are the same as those listed in the Terminology of Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks of EN81-1:1998 and GB/T 7024 are not included any more, and only exclusive nomenclatures are reserved. In addition, "overhaul trapdoor" and "shaft emergency door" are added.
4. According to the national situation of China, partial contents of EN81-1:1998 have been amended or adjusted.
(1) Added: for instance, Clause 5.1.2 adds "excluding sightseeing lifts"; and Clause 7.1 and Clause 8.6.3 add "this interstice shall not be greater than 8mm for freight lifts"; Clause 5.6.1 adds "in exceptional cases, in order to meet the position requirement to install lift parts in the foundation pit, the interstice shall be as small as possible". (2) Deleted: for instance, Clause 9.8.2.1 deletes " instant-type safety tong with buffer function" and other relevant contents; Clause 10.3.4 deletes " energy-storage buffer with buffering restoration" and other relevant contents.
(3) Adjusted contents: Clause 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 adjusts the available car area; Clause 9.8.2.1 adjusts the velocity interval of instant-type and inching-type safety tong; D2j) of Appendix D adjusts "rated speed" into "overhaul speed"; F5.3.1 adjusts the testing contents of "energy-storage buffer with buffering function" into the testing method of "linear energy-storage buffer".
The safety criterions stated in this code and all the requirements of the appendices offer a uniform technical base and safety requirements for constructing, installing and examining the passenger lifts and freight lifts. Pre-delivery inspection, periodic inspection as well as momentous retrofit or post-accident inspection shall not exceed the scope of this code.
Appendix A, B, C, D, F, H, J, K, L and N are standard appendixes; Appendix C, E, G, M, ZA are suggestive appendices.
This code takes effects from January 1, 2004 and substitute GB 7588-1995 in the
meanwhile. From the execution date, the transition period of this code is 1 year; upon expiration of transition, GB 7588-1995 is to repeal.
This code is brought forwards by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This code is governed by China Elevator Standardization Technical Committee.
This code is drafted by the Institute of Building Mechanization of China Academy of Building Research.
Drafting organization members: China Schindler Elevators Co., Ltd., Tianjin OTIS Elevators Co., Ltd., Shanghai Mitsubishi Elevators Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Hitachi Elevators Co., Ltd., Suzhou Schindler Elevators Co., Ltd., Shenyang Toshiba Elevators Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Xizi OTIS Elevators Co., Ltd., Kone Elevators Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Guangri Elevator Industry Co., Ltd., ThyssenKrupp Elevator Co., Ltd., Shanghai Toshiba Elevator Co., Ltd., Shanghai Yungtay Engineering Co., Ltd. , Guangzhou OTIS Elevators Co., Ltd., Huasheng Fujitec Elevator Co., Ltd., Suzhou Suzhou Jiangnan Elevator (Group) Co., Ltd..
Main drafters: Gu Xi, Kong Hong, Zhang Guangjian, Wan Zhongpei, Ye Danyang, Zhu Jian, Xu Wengang, Jin Laisheng, Ma Lingyun, Huang Qijun, Yang Xizhi, Yan Jianzhong, Wang Weifeng, Lin Manqing, Chen Luya
中文译文：
PLC简介可编程控制器是60年代末在美国首先出现的，当时叫可编程逻辑控制器PLC（ProgrammableLogicController），目的是用来取代继电器。

以执行逻辑判断、计时、计数等顺序控制功能。

提出PLC概念的是美国通用汽车公司。

PLC 的基本设计思想是把计算机功能完善、灵活、通用等优点和继电器控制系统的简单易懂、操作方便、价格便宜等优点结合起来，控制器的硬件是标准的、通用的。

根据实际应用对象，将控制内容编成软件写入控制器的用户程序存储器内,使控制器和被控对象连接方便。

70年代中期以后，PLC已广泛地使用微处理器作为中央处理器，输入输出模块和外围电路也都采用了中、大规模甚至超大规模的集成电路，这时的PLC已不再是仅有逻辑(Logic)判断功能，还同时具有数据处理、PID调节和数据通信功能。

国际电工委员会(IEC)颁布的可编程控制器标准草案中对可编程控制器作了如下的定义：可编程控制器是一种数字运算操作的电子系统，专为在工业环境下应用而设计。

它采用了可编程序的存储器，用来在其内部存储执行逻辑运算，顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令，并通过数字式和模拟式的输入和输出，控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。

可编程控制器及其有关外围设备，易于与工业控制系统联成一个整体，易于扩充其功能的设计。

可编程控制器对用户来说，是一种无触点设备，改变程序即可改变生产工艺。

目前，可编程控制器已成为工厂自动化的强有力工具，得到了广泛的普及推广应用。

可编程控制器是面向用户的专用工业控制计算机，具有许多明显的特点。

①可靠性高，抗干扰能力强；
②编程直观、简单；
③适应性好；
④功能完善，接口功能强。

1 主题内容与适用范围
本标准规定了额定速度小于25 m/s的电梯曳引机技术要求和质量要求。

本标准适用于乘客电梯、病床电梯、载货电梯用曳引机。

不适用于杂物电梯和额定速度不小于2. 5 m/s的各类电梯用的曳引机。

额定速度小于2. 5 m/s的各类电梯用的其他曳引机可参照执行。

2 引用标准
GB 3768 噪声源声功率的测定简易法
GB 7025 电梯主参数及轿厢、井道、机房的型式与尺寸
GB 7588 电梯制造与安装安全规范
GB 10058 电梯技术条件
GB 10085 圆柱蜗杆传动基本参数
GB 10089 圆柱蜗杆、蜗轮精度
GB 12974 交流电梯电动机通用技术条件
GB 11368 齿轮传动装置清洁度
GB 191 包装储运图示标志
3 术语
曳引机额定速度 rated speed of traction machine
对应于轿厢额定速度的曳引轮节径上的线速度。

曳引机额定载重量 rated load of traction machine
当曳引比为1:1、平衡系数为0.40时，曳引轮切向曳引的轿厢额定载重量。

电梯技术条件
GBT 10058-1997
国家技术监督局1997-12-26批准 1998-10-01实施
1 范围
本标准规定了乘客电梯及载货电梯的技术要求、检验规则、标志、包装、运输与贮存等。

本标准适用于额定速度不大于2．5m／s的电力驱动的曳引式或强制式的乘客电梯和载货电梯。

本标准不适用于液压电梯和杂物电梯。

2 引用标准
下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。

本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。

所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。

GB 2828—87 逐批检查计数抽样程序及抽样表(适用于连续批的检查)
GB 7588—1995 电梯制造与安装安全规范 (eqv EN 81—1：1985)
GB 8903—88 电梯用钢丝绳 (eqv ISO 4344：1983)
GB／T 10059—1997 电梯试验方法
GB 10060—93 电梯安装验收规范
GB／T 13435—92 电梯曳引机
JG／T 5072．1一1996 电梯T型导轨 (eqv ISO 7465：1983)
3 技术要求
3．1 基本要求
3．1．1 电梯及其所有零部件应设计正确、结构合理、遵守机械、电气及建筑方面的通用技术要求。

3．1．2 制造电梯的材料应具有足够的强度和合适的性能。

3．1．3 电梯整机和零部件应具有良好的维修和保养，处于正常的工作状态。

3．1．4 需要润滑的零部件应装有符合要求的润滑装置；
3．2 电梯工作条件
a)海拔高度不超过1 000m；
b)机房内的空气温度应保持在5～40℃之间；
c)运行地点的最湿月月平均最高相对湿度为90％，同时该月月平均最低温度不高于25℃；
d)供电电压相对于额定电压的波动应在土7％的范围内；
e)环境空气中不应含有腐蚀性和易燃性气体及导电尘埃存在。

3．3 整机性能
3．3．1 当电源为额定频率和额定电压、电梯轿厢在50％额定载重量时，向下运行至行程中段(除去加速和减速段)时的速度，不得大于额定速度的105％，且不得小于额定速度的92％。

3．3．2 乘客电梯起动加速度和制动减速度最大值均不应大于1．5m／s2。

3．3．3 当乘客电梯额定速度(v)为1．0m／s<v≤2．0m／s时，其平均加、减速度不应小于0．48m／s2；当乘客电梯额定速度为2．0m／s<v≤2．5m／s时，其平均加、减速度不应小于0．65m／s2。

3．3．4 乘客电梯的中分自动门和旁开自动门的开关门时间不应超过表1的规定。

本标准的第1、2、3、4章以及7.2.1(部分内容)、8.17.1、9.1.2b)、9.9.6.2(部分内容)、12.6(部分内容)、13.1.1.3、15.2.3.2(部分内容)，16.2a)6)(部分内容)、附录C、附录E、附录G、附录M及附录ZA为推荐性的，其余为强制性的。

本标准是根据欧洲标准化委员会(CEN)的标准EN81－1《电梯制造与安装安全规范》1998年版，对GB 7588－1995《电梯制造与安装安全规范》(等效采用EN81－1:1985)进行修订的。

经本次修订后的GB 7588—2003在技术内容上与EN81－1:1998等效，条文编号与之一致。

欧洲标准EN81－1:1998与EN81－1:1985相比，内容有较大变动。

增加了许多新的技术内容和计算方法。

本次对GB 7588的修订除少部分内容根据我国电梯行业情况有所变更外，基本上接受了EN81－1:1998的内容。

在本次修订中，主要技术内容变更如下:
1.GB 7588－1995适用范围简洁明确，因此仍保留GB 7588－1995适用范围，为了明确起见，加上“病床电梯”，删去EN81－1:1998的使用范围。

2.本次修订对EN81－1:1998所引用的标准做了以下转化:
(1)属于EN81－1:1998“引用标准”一章中列入的国际标准或国外先进国家标准已被我国等效采用后成为我国国家标准或行业标准的，则直接引用相应的我国标准号。

(2)属于EN81－l:1998“引用标准”一章中没有列入的，在EN81－1:1998中
也未提及标准代号，但其内容上涉及我国应实施的有关标准的，则也列入“引用标准”。

如:16.2a)6)中原文为“使用CENELEC符号”，列入对应的我国标准GB/T 4728《电气图用图形符号》。

又如：对于9.1.2 c)的要求，列入对应的我国标准GB 8903《电梯用钢丝绳》。

(3)属于EN81－1:1998“引用标准”一章中已列入的，但我国尚未转化的国外先进标准，我们直接引用国外标准号，如:ENl2015《电磁兼容性用于电梯、自动扶梯和自动人行道的系列标准辐射》，EN12016《电磁兼容性用于电梯、自动扶梯和自动人行道的系列标准抗干扰性》。

3.为了与我国其他电梯标准协调，EN81－1:1998中与GB/T 7024《电梯、自动扶梯和自动人行道术语》相同的术语不再列入，仅保留专用术语，并增加了“检修活板门”及“井道安全门”等。

4.根据我国国情，对EN81－1:1998的部分内容进行了修改或调整。

(1)增加的内容：如在5.1.2中增加“观光电梯可除外”；在7.1及8.6.3中增加了“对于载货电梯，此间隙不得大于8mm”；在5.6.1中增加“特殊情况，为了满足底坑安装的电梯部件的位置要求，允许在该隔障上开尽量小的缺口”。

(2)删去的内容：如删去9.8.2.1中“具有缓冲作用的瞬时式安全钳”及其他条文中相关内容；删去10.3.4中“具有缓冲复位的蓄能型缓冲器”及其他条文中相关内容。

(3)调整的内容：如对8.2.1、8.2.2轿厢有效面积的规定进行了调整；对9.8.2.1中轿厢采用的瞬时式和渐进式安全钳的速度范围作了调整；在附录D 的D2j)中，将：“额定速度”调整为“检修速度’；将F5.3.1“具有缓冲作用的蓄能型缓冲器”的试验方法内容调整为“线性蓄能型缓冲器”试验方法。

本标准规定的各项安全准则以及附录内所有的要求，为乘客电梯、载货电梯的制造、安装与检验提供了全国统一的技术依据和安全要求，对于电梯交付使用前的检验、定期检验以及重大改装或事故后的检验的内容不应超出本标准的范围。

本标准的附录A、B、D、F、H、J、K、L、N均为标准的附录，附录C、E、G、
M、ZA为提示的附录。

本标准从2004年1月1日起实施，与此同时代替GB 7588—1995。

本标准自实施之日起，过渡期为1年，过渡期满后，GB 7588—1995同时废止。

本标准由中国机械工业联合会提出。

本标准由全国电梯标准化技术委员会归口。

本标准负责起草单位：中国建筑科学研究院建筑机械化研究分院。

本标准参加起草单位：中国迅达电梯有限公司、中国天津奥的斯电梯有限公司、上海三菱电梯有限公司、广州日立电梯有限公司、苏州迅达电梯有限公司、沈阳东芝电梯有限公司、杭州西子奥的斯电梯有限公司、通力电梯有限公司、广州广日电梯工业有限公司、蒂森电梯有限公司、上海东芝电梯有限公司、上海永大机电工业有限公司、广州奥的斯电梯有限公司、华升富士达电梯有限公司、苏州江南电梯(集团)有限公司。

本标准主要起草人：顾鑫、康红、张广健、万忠培、叶丹阳、朱健、徐文刚、金来生、马凌云、黄启俊、杨锡芝，严建忠、王伟峰、林曼青、陈路阳、魏山虎。

本标准首次发布于1987年，第一次修订于1995年，第二次修订于2003年。