新编英语教程5unit12

新编英语教程5unit12
Unit 12: I Have a Dream…
I. Objective
King’s purpose of making this speech is to persuade his audience into the belief that it is time for the blacks in America to struggle without resorting to violence for justice and equality. To teach this text, we should first help students become familiar with the related background knowledge of the 1960s’ in America and master the listed language points. And most importantly, the students are supposed to learn King’s oratorical techniques and rhetorical devices employed in the speech such as emotional appeals, metaphors, repetition and parallelism, which made the speech more convincing and forceful. II. Teaching Steps
Step One: Get the students to get the related information about the items given in the Library Wo rk and the civil rights movement of 1960s’, racial segregation and
discrimination in America, March on Washington and non-violence of Dr. Martin
Luther King in encyclopedias, reference books or on the websites. Also get
the students to look up the words and phrases listed in Dictionary Work in
an English-English dictionary and find the definitions that fit the context
of the text.
Step Two: Ask the students to give an oral report on their Dictionary Work and Library Work in front of the class respectively. Step Three: Have a class discussion on the title and the author.
Step Four: Explain the text to the students, focusing on the following language points as well as the organization and development of the text.
Step Five: Get the students to do the related exercises in the Work Book.
III: Major points: Language points, text structure
IV: difficult points: Language points
V． Time allocation：
4 classes are needed to finish the lesson
VI Background Knowledge
Time needed: 45 minutes
Teaching approaches: asking questions, group discussions, PPT
1.Martin Luther King (author)
a.1929-1968
b. a Baptist minister and the foremost leader of the civil rights movement
c. a lifelong advocate of nonviolent resistance to segregation
/doc/6639e3104531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028915f8574.html anized a massive March on Washington in 1963 and delivered his impressive
oration of his career, “I Have a Dream”
e.awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in1964
f.assassinated on April 4, 1968
(see p.194 of SB)
2.Emancipation Proclamation (L 2)
This refers to the Emancipation Proclamation issued by president Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. The Emancipation Proclamation declared all slaves within areas of rebellion free. I did not affect bondsmen in those slave states that had continued to be loyal to the Union. It was not until 1865 when the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified that slavery was made unconstitutional.
(see p.194 of SB)
3.The Constitution and the Declaration of Independence (LL 13-14)
The Constitution of the U.S.A. was signed on September 17,1787, and ratified by the required number of states (9) by June 21, 1788.
the full and formal declaration adopted on July 4, 1776, by representatives of the thirteen North American colonies, announcing the separation of those colonies from Great Britain and making them into the United States.
(see p.195 of SB)
4.Civil rights (L 50)
the rights to personal liberty established by the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to American constitution. (also see p.195 of SB)
5.Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana (L 64-65)
(see pp.196-197 of SB)
6.American Dream (L 69)
The ideal of freedom, equality and opportunity traditionally stressed as available to individuals in the U.S; it stresses especially material prosperity.
7.the red hills of Georgia(L 72), the Stone mountain of Georgia (L110)
in the Piedmont Plateau in the north of Georgia, the sandy loams are interspersed with clay loams and red clay sub-soils.
an enormous mass of exposed granite in northwestern Georgia. On the face of Stone Mountain are carved huge equestrian figures of Jefferson Davis, Robert E. lee, and Thomas Jackson, heroes of the Confederacy in the American Civil War
(see p.197 of SB)
8.New Hampshire (L105)
a.one of the New England states of the northeastern U.S.
b.noted for its generally rugged terrain
(see p.197 of SB)
9.Alleghenies of Pennsylvania (LL 105-106)
The Allegheny Mountains are the higher and southeastern portions of the
Appalachian Plateau, which covers more than half of Pennsylvania and occupies almost the entire northern and western parts.
(see p.197 of SB)
10.Rockies of Colorado (L 108)
The Rocky Mountains, backbone of the North American continent, extending through west central Colorado, occupies two-fifths of the land area. The crest of the Rockies, known as the Continental Divide, runs through Colorado. The highest point is Mount Elbert.
(see p.197 of SB)
11.Lookout Mountain of Tennessee (L 110)
Tennessee is one of the South Central states of the U.S.
Lookout Mountain--- a mountain ridge that runs about 75 miles from just southwest of Chattanooga, Tennessee, through Georgia into Alabama.
( see p.198 of SB)
12.Gentiles (L116)
People of non-Jewish nation or of non-Jewish faith
13.Protestants (L116)
members of any Christian body which separated from the Roman Catholic Church at the Reformation, or of any later offshoot of such a body, esp. the Anglican, Baptist, Congregationalist, Evangelical, Lutheran, Methodist, Reformed and Presbyterian churches.
14.Catholics (L116)
of the original Christian Church before the schism between East and West; people who subscribe to the beliefs of the universal Christian Church or members of the Roman Catholic Church
15.Negro spiritual (L 117)
a religious song usually of a deeply emotional character that was developed among
blacks in the southern U.S.
VII Language points
Time needed: 90minutes.
Teaching approaches: examples, explanation, and application
1.momentous decree (L 2)
a. Meaning: the official order of great importance; the very important and
significant proclamation which had great meaning for the future
b. Example: The past three years have been among the most momentous in the world
history.
2.bacon light (L 2)
Meaning: a light set up in a high, prominent position a signal, guidance, etc.
3.sear (L 3)
a.Meaning: affect s
b. with strong emotion
b.Examples: (1) His soul has been seared by injustice.
(2) The novel is a searing indictment of urban poverty.
4.withering injustice(L 3)
Meaning: injustice that humiliates or brings shame to the blacks
5.manacles (L 6)
Meaning: shackles; handcuffs
6.cripple (L 6)
a.Meaning: harm, maim, impair
b.Examples: (1) He was crippled in the civil war.
(2) The team was crippled by his absence.
7.segregation (L 7)
Meaning: separate or being separated. Segregation is partly a private matter that cannot be eliminated by legislation alone. It persists in many areas of
American life, in both North and South. Nevertheless, official opposition
has placed segregations on the defensive. Where segregation exists, it is
frequently denied or excused, indicating that it is in retreat.(TB)
8.discrimination (L 7)
Meaning: inequality of treatment (of blacks and other minority groups) has been perhaps the most deep-seated problem in American democracy, and although
legal guarantees have greatly expanded since 1950, the problem is still a
long way from solution. (TB)
/doc/6639e3104531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028915f8574.html nguish (L 9)
a.Meaning: live wretchedly; lack or lose vitality
b.Examples: (1) He languished in poverty for years.
(2) The children soon began to languish in the heat.
10.exile (L 10)
Meaning: person being sent away from his native country or home, esp. for political reasons or as a punishment
11.dramatize (L 10)
a.Meaning: make an event or a novel into a play; make an event or situation
seem very important or serious
b.Example: Don’t believe everything she tells you; she tends to dramatize.
c.Derivative: dramatization(n.)
12.appalling condition (L11)
Meaning: the dreadful condition (of the blacks in America)
13.cash a check (L 12)
Meaning: literally, to get an amount of money as stated on a check; in the text, it
means “ to plead for the fulfillment of a promise”(SB)
14.promissory note (L 14)
Meaning: a written promise to pay at a fixed or determinable future time a sum of money to a specified individual or to a bearer (TB)
15.fall heir to
a. a phrasal verb
b.Meaning: to be the person who has the lawful right to receive the property of
title of an older member of the family who dies
c.Example: He falls heir to his father’s bad temper.
16.unalienable / inalienable (L 15)
a.Meaning: that can not be separated or taken away from
b.Example: Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness have been called the
inalienable rights of man.
17.default on (L 17)
a. a phrasal verb
b.Meaning: fail to pay a debt; fail to fulfill an obligation
c.Example: They defaulted on hire purchase payments.
18.honor (L 18)
a.Meaning: accept and pay sth. when due; fulfill an obligation or keep an
agreement
b.Example: It is the bank’s right not to honor a bad check.
19. a bad check(L 19)
Meaning: a check that will not be paid (SB)
20.vaults (L 21)
Meaning: rooms, esp. in a bank and protected by locks, alarms, thick walls, etc., used for keeping valuable safe
21.hallowed spot (L 23)
Meaning: sacred, holy, referring to Washington D.C. (SB)
22.gradualism (L 25)
Meaning: a policy of gradual reform rather than sudden change or revolution, so it has the tranquilizing effect, i.e., a calming or comforting effect, and is
easier for people to accept (TB)
23. quicksand (L 29)
Meaning: (often pl.) area of loose wet deep sand into which people or thing will sink
23.blow off steam (L 34) = let off steam
a. a phrasal verb
b.Meaning: release the surplus energy or emotion from being restrained
c.Example: The children were out on the playground blowing off steam.
24.threshold (L 38)
a.Meaning: piece of wood or stone forming the bottom of a doorway; entrance
of a house, etc.; point of entering or beginning sth.
b.Example: He was on the threshold of his career.
25.degenerate (into) (L 43)
a.Meaning: pass into a worse physical, mental or moral state that one which is
considered normal or desirable
b.Examples: (1) His health is degenerating rapidly.
(2) Her commitment to a great cause degenerated from a
crusade into an obsession.
c.Derivatives: degenerate (adj.) degeneracy (n.)
/doc/6639e3104531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028915f8574.html itancy (L 44)
a.Meaning: the state or quality of being militant
b.Example: The union is having trouble holding the rising militancy within
bounds.
c. Derivatives: militant (adj.) militantly (adv.)
27.engulf (L 44)
a.Meaning: (of the earth, the sea, etc.) to destroy by swallowing up
b.Example: The stormy sea engulfed the small boat.
28.evidence (L46)
a.Meaning: prove by evidence; be evidence of
b.Example: His answer evidenced a guilty conscience.
29.inextricably (L 47)
a.Meaning: so closely linked that separation is impossible; indispensably
b.Example: Her career was inextricably linked with his.
c.Derivative: inextricable (adj.)
30.pledge (L49)
a.Meaning: a solemn promise or agreement
b.Example: It was told under pledge of secrecy.
31. devotee (L 50)
a.Meaning: an ardent supporter
b.Example: Every great artist has his devotees and enemies.
32. brutality (L 52)
Meaning: brutal behavior; cruelty; savagery
33. motel (L 53)
Meaning: a roadside hotel designed primarily for motorists. It is a blend of motor and hotel (TB) 34. ghetto (L 54)
Meaning: a part of a city in which members of a minority group, especially
because of social, legal, or economic pressure
35. trials and tribulations (LL 59-60)
a. a phrase
b.Meaning: situations that test a person’s endurance or patience; irritations and
troubles
c. Example: After many trials and tribulations, he succeeded in his experiment.
36. batter (L 61)
a.Meaning: hit sb/sth hard and often
b.Example: He kept battering at the door.
37. stagger (L 62)
a.Meaning: walk or move unsteadily as if to fall (from carrying sth. heavy, being
weak or drunk)
b.Example: She staggered and fell.
38. redemptive (L 63)
Meaning: bringing about compensation; offering delivery from guilt or
obligations; making amends
39. wallow(L 66)
a.Meaning: take delight in, indulge oneself; lie or roll about in mud, water
b.Examples: (1) The children enjoyed watching the hippopotamus wallowing
about in the mud.
(2) He’s really wallowing in the praise of his new book.
c.Derivative: wallow (n.)
40. self-evident(L 71)
a.Meaning: plainly true without need of proof; clear from the statement itself
b.Example: Her sincerity is self-evident.
41. creed (L 71)
a.Meaning: system of beliefs or opinions, esp. religious beliefs; a set of
fundamental beliefs
b.Example: What is your political creed?
42. swelter (L 75)
a.Meaning: be uncomfortably hot, suffer from the heat
b.Example: Open the window, we are sweltering.
43. oasis (L 76)
a.Meaning: fertile place with trees and water in the desert; experience, place,
etc.. which is pleasant in the middle of sth. unpleasant, dull, etc.
b.Example: The study was an oasis of calm in a noisy household.
44. interposition (L 82)
Meaning: in U.S. history, the doctrine by which the individual state may, through the assertion of its sovereignty, oppose any federal mandate which violates
the rights of the state and citizens
45. nullification (L 82)
Meaning: in U.S. history, the action of a state in declaring a federal law inoperative within its limits, under the assumption of absolute state
sovereignty
46. exalt(L 86)
a.Meaning: make s
b. higher in rank or greater in power; praise sb. highly
b.Example: He was exalted to the position of chief manager.
c.Derivative: exaltation (n.)
47. all flesh (L 88)
Meaning: all mankind
48. hew (L 91)
a.Meaning: chop or cut sth./s
b. with an axe, sword
b.Example: He hewed his enemy to pieces.
49. jangle (L92)
a.Meaning: make a harsh metallic noise
b.Examples: (1) The fire-alarm kept jangling away.
(2) Her voice jangles on my ears.
c. Derivative: jangle(n.)
50. discord (L 92)
a.Meaning: disagreement; quarreling
b.Example: A note of discord crept into their relationship.
c.Derivatives: discordance (n.) discordant(adj.) discordantly(adv.)
51. prodigious(L 104)
a.Meaning: very great in size, amount, or degree, so as to cause amazement or
admiration; enormous
b.Examples: (1) It cost a prodigious amount .
(2) He never forgets anything; his memory is prodigious.
c.Derivative: prodigiously (adv.)
52. curvaceous (L 109)
Meaning: rolling(i.e., having long slopes that rise and fall); undulating; having lots
of curves (TB)
53. molehill (L 112)
Meaning: a small heap of earth thrown up on the surface by a mole when it is
digging underground
54. hamlet (L 114 )
Meaning: small village, esp. one without a church
VIII. Organization and Development and text study
Time needed: 90 minutes
Teaching approaches: asking questions, group discussions, PPT, paraphrasing
1. The purpose of making the speech
King’s purpose of making the present speech is to persuade his audience into the belief that it is time for the blacks in America to struggle without resorting to violence for justice and equality.
2. The organization and development
1) King begins his speech by referring to Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation to remind his audience the unrealized spirit of liberty and the unfulfilled promise to give the blacks equal rights and freedom.
2) By repeating “ One hundred years later” four times, King attempts to emphasize the gap between the hope inspired by the Emancipation and the status quo.
3) Th en, through the analogy of “a bad check” and the use of five nows, King drives home to the audience the fact that the blacks have been cheated and thus emphasizes the urgency of the tasks the blacks are confronted with.
4) After that, King repeatedly advocates his way of getting equal rights and freedom and avoid the wrongful deeds, that is, his non-violent strategy by four successive sentences beginning with “Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from cup of bitterness and hatre d.”
5) By a series of repetitions and parallel structures, King states firmly the courage and determination of the blacks and pictures the hopeful future for the black people.
(We can not be satisfied…; Go back to…; I have a dream…)
6) Again through repetition and parallelism, King expresses his faith and confidence in the future world, where all of God’s children, whatever their skin colors or religious beliefs, will be able to join hands and sing happily together.
(Let freedom ring from…)
3. The oratorical and rhetorical devices employed in the speech
1) emotional appeals
2) repetition
3) diction
4) metaphors
5) parallelism
6) analogy
(See pp. 198-200 of SB)
IX: Home work:
Finish the exercises on work book
X: Contents tested:
1. Language points
2.paraphrases。