高中英语真题-2013高考英语最后30天语法精讲句子结构

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高中英语真题:2013高考英语最后30天语法精
讲句子结构
一、特殊疑问句（常用疑问词）
★WHAT
●what…like ? ①人或事物的外观特征；②天气
What’s your brother like ? (长相或人品)
What’s t the weather like today ?
How do you like the film ?
What do you like ?
● what time / date / year …
--What’s the date today ? -- (It’s) October 15.
--What date will he arrive ?
-- (He’ll arrive) on October 15.
●what…for ? = why
--What’s it for ? --(it’s for) cutting grass.
--What did you do that for ?
-- Because I wanted to save time.
( To save time.)
●what kind(s) / sort(s) of…?
What kind of picture(s) do you like best ?
●what size
--What size shoes do you take ? -- (Size) 41.
●what height / length / depth / age
→how high / long / deep / old
What’s the height of that mountain ?
What height is that mountain ?
How high is that mountain ?
★ WHICH
●which day /month / year…?（比when更具体） -- Don’t forget his birthday ?
-- I won’t. Which /What day is it ?
●which / what /who 比较
which 更具体，或用which one
Which book are you going to buy ?(哪本书）
What book are you going to buy ?（哪种书）
Who do you like best ?
Which one do you like best, Tom or Jack ?★WHY
●Why not (don’t you) buy a new coat ?
●--Let s set out tonight. --Yes, why not.★ HOW
● How is your mother ?
How is your mother getting along ?
● How is the weather there ?
What’s the weather like today ?
● How do you find the film ?
How do you like the film?
How / What about the film ?
What do you think of the film?
● --How often do you go to the zoo ?
--Once every two months.
●--How soon will you be ready to start ? -
- In two days .
●How far is it from here to the airport ?
◇综合问题
①简答中介词跟在疑问词之后
-- I want to leave this parcel.
--Who for ? ( leave sth for sb)
②else跟在疑问词后（which 和whose 除外）
Where else did you go ?
③用do 作简略回答
--Who wants a lift ? (搭便车） -- I do.
--How many students understood this ? --
They all did.
④用ever, on earth 或 in the world 放在疑问词后强调
Where on earth / in the world / ever did you pick that up ?二、反意疑问句
1、陈述句主语是-one, -body 时，疑问部分主语用they
Nobody says a word, do they ?
2、陈述句主语是-thing, this, that 时，疑问部分主语用it
Everything seems all right, doesn’t it ?
3、陈述句主语是从句、动词不定式、动名词时，疑问部分用it Swimming is great fun, isn’t it ?
4、感叹句的反意疑问句（感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。

）
What fine weather, isn’t it?
5、祈使句的反意疑问句
Do that, will you ? (won’t you )
6、Let’s… , Let us…
Let’s go, shall we ? Let us go, will you ?
7、I’m
I’m interested in English, aren’t I ?
8、I wish…
I wish I were you, may I ?
9、含had better, would rather, would like to do
You’d better come early, hadn’t you ?
You’d rather work than play, wouldn’t you ?
10、陈述句部分含下列否定词时，疑问部分用肯定
few, little, hardly, never, no one, no
There is little ink in your pen, is there ?
11、加前后缀构成的否定，疑问部分仍然用否定
It’s unfair, isn’t it ?
12、陈述部分有must
①must be 对现在情况进行推测
He must be very tired, isn’t he ?
②must have done (对过去推测）有过去时间状语
He must have come yesterday, didn’t he ?
③must have done (由过去延续到现在）
He must have lived here at least 10 years , hasn’t he ?
④must + v. 一定要，必须
You must renew the book, needn’t you ?
13、当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。

但是，当陈述部分的主语是：
I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。

而且要注意到否定的转移问题。

14、当陈述部分是I’m sure that,；we are sure；
I’m afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。

15、当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要合离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。

16、在口语和非正式文体中，为了加强语气，只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答，这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。

如： Oh, he is a writer, is he? You’ll not go, won’t you?
1. Be sure to write to us, _________?
A. will you
B. aren’t you
C. can you
D. mustn’t you
2. --- , you feed the bird today, _________?
--- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you
B. will you
C. didn’t you
D. don’t you
3. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _ ___? (2000 上海)
A. did they
B. didn’t they
C. did it
D. didn’t it
4. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _________?
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. will they
D. won’t they
5. Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _____?
A. is he
B. isn’t he
C. doesn’t she
D. does she
6. Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that ti me, ______? (02 上海春季) A. was there B. wasn’t there
C. didn’t he
D. did he
7. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _____? （04上
海） A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t be D. is he
8. There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to th
e lecture, _______?
A. didn't they
B. don' t they
C. mustn't they
D. haven' t they
9. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately aft er the concert ended, ______ ? A. wasn’t there B. wa s there C. didn’t it D. did it
10. He never said that he was good at mathematics, ______ ?（05北京春季）
A. was he
B. wasn’t he
C. did he
D. didn’t he Answers: 1-10 ABDCDCADAC
三、否定句
1. not…and; not…or;not…nor,neither…nor
It’s not tall and wide. (部分否定）
It’s not tall or wide. (全部否定）
Not a flower nor a grass will grow in this area. （全部否定）
2. no; not
● no - adv. -adj. = not a , not any
Sorry, there’s no time to talk.
● not -adv.
Ask him, not his wife.
I can see you tomorrow, but not on Tuesday or Friday. He failed not because he isn’t clever but because
he didn’t work hard.
3. no more (not …any more);
no longer (not any longer)
Time lost will return no more. (动作的重复次数）
He doesn’t work here any longer.（动作的延续）
4. no; none; no one :
no 是一个限定词，用在单数（可数或不可数）名词和复数名词前面，也就是说一个名词前面没有冠词、物主代词或者代词的时候，才可以用它；而在the , my, your, this, these, that等词前面，应该使用none of, none, 可指人或物，而no one指人
There were no letters for you this morning, I’m afraid.
None of my friends live near here.
I stayed in all evening waiting, but no one came.
☆ A little money is better than at all. (none)
I wanted two tickets, but there was left. (none)
There is telling when he will be back. (no)
--Who is in the room ? -- . (No one)
5.否定转移：下列词后接从句，如果否定，否定词前移，
但hope 例外， think, believe, expect, suppose
I don’t think that he will come.
I hope that it won’t rain.
6.避免否定误用
He asked me a second question before
I answer the first one. A. could B. couldn’t
7.Nothing is + 比较级+ than to + V. Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V.
例句：没有比接受教育更重要的事了。

Nothing is more important than to receive education.
8. 。

cannot emphasize the importance of 。

too much.
（再怎么强调... ...的重要性也不为过。

）
例句：我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our ey es too much.
四、倒装句
◇全部倒装
1.由here, there引起，谓语通常用 be, come, go
Look ! Here comes your sister. There goes the bell.
2. 由介词短语引起，谓语通常用
be, stand, lie, live, live, sit, come, go, rise
Along the wall stand four big chairs.
At the top of the hill lay the dying soldiers.
3. 由up, down, on, in, off, away, out, back引起，谓语通常用come, go, run, rush, fly
Out rushed the boy.
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
4.以上情况主语如果是代词，主谓不倒装
Here’s your watch. (Here it is.)
Up it went.
5.由个别副词引起，谓语通常是be, lie
North of the city lies (is) a railway.
6. 由such引起，谓语通常用be
Such is what he said. Such are his words.
◇部分倒装
指谓语的一部分放在主语之前而引起的倒装，通常是助动词或情态动词提前或连系动词提前
1. 由never, hardly, seldom, little, not until引起
Seldom did he make any mistakes.
Not until yesterday did I receive his letter.
2. not only…but also连接两个单句时，前面的倒装
Not only was she working hard, but also she was very polit e.
3. neither…nor连接两个单句时，两个句子都倒装
Neither is he studying, nor is he working.
4. no sooner…than, hardly (scarcely)…when
No sooner had we got into the room than the telephone ran g.
5. 由only + 状语， so + adj. (adv.) 引起
Only then (Only at the age of 18) did he realize the importanc
e o
f the problem.
6. 由as引起
Child as he is, he can work out the problem.
7. 虚拟语气的倒装
Were I you, I would work harder.
Had you come yesterday, you would have known that.
Should it rain tomorrow, you wouldn’t leave.
◇ so (neither, nor) + be (do, have, 情态动词，助动词）+ 主语
You should work harder and so should I.
She hasn’t been to and nor have I.
--I went to the zoo yesterday. --So you did.
--She is a tailor. --So is she. / So she is.
五、祈使句
1. do强调祈使句
Do have another cup of coffee.
2. And可连接两个祈使句
Wait and see.
Come and see this goldfish.
Try and (to) see his point of view.
3. 祈使句 + and (or) + 简单句
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
(If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.)
Use your head, and you’ll find a good way.
(If you use your head, you’ll find a good way.)
4.对祈使句的回答
-- Drive carefully! -- (Yes,) I will.
-- Don’t take any risk. -- (No,) I won’t.
六、感叹句
1. adj. (Subj. + be ) How lovely !
How adv. (Subj. + v.) How well you sing !
subj. +v. How you work !
adj. + a (an) + n. How good a map it is!
2. a (an) (+ adj.) + n. What a rude man !
(+ adj.) + n. (可数名词复数）
What What lovely flowers !
( + adj.) + n. (不可数名词）
What fine weather !
七、省略与替代
Ⅰ、动词不定式中的省略
1．在下列动词see ，watch ，
notice ， observe ， look at ， make ， have ，
let ， hear ， listen to ， feel等后的不定式做宾补，要省略不定式符号。

2．在．．．do nothing but / except do ．．．的结构中，在介词but或except后作宾语时不定式符号要省略。

3．在would rather和had better后不定式符号要省略。

4．在几个不定式并列时，第二个、第三个不定式的不定式符号要省略。

5．在expect ，forget ， like ，
want ， wish ， try ， have ， need ， used ， ought ， be abl e ，
be going 等动词和动词词组后接的不定式中，不定式符号后面的动词原形常省略。

Ⅱ、从句中的省略。

1．在if ， as if ，
while ， when ， where ， although ， unless ， what ， wheth er等引起的状语从句中可以省略主谓部分。

Mistakes， if any ，
should be corrected ．（ = if there are any mistakes）
Please come again ，
if possible．（= if it possible for you to come）
Fill in the proper articles where necessary．（= where they are necessary）
He won’t come ，unless invited ．(= unless he is invited)
He opened his lips as if to say something ．（= as if he were g oing to say something）
2．在if引起的从句中如有等词倒装时，省略if。

Were I you, I would not do it.
Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you a phone call.
3． We have finished our homework, so have they. (= and they have finished their homework , too)
If you don't go to the concert, neither shall I. (= I shall not go to the concert either)
4．宾语从句中连词that引起的宾语从句和定语从句中的关系代词that、which，whom等
在定语从句中作宾与可以省略that。

Ⅲ、介词的省略
prevent sb (from) doing sth. stop sb (from) doing sth. have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.
spend time / money (in) doing sth. be busy (in) doing sth. Ⅳ、替代：
省略与代替的作用是什么?
1．so代替前面句子中已经表达过的词,短语或句子(多是宾与从句). 与so 连用的常用动词有：
hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine 等．
2．用not代替so的情况.
3．用不定式符号代替不定式.
4．用do在句子中代替其它动词.
EXERCISES
1.—What about having a drink ? -
- . A. Go ahead, please.
B. Help yourself.
C. Good idea.
D. Me, too.
2.—Waiter ! -- . --I can’t eat this. It’s too salty.
A. Yes, sir?
B. What?
C. All right
D. Pardon ?
3.—You haven’t been to ,have you ? -
- . How I wish to go there ! A. Yes, I have B. No, I h aven’t C. No, I have D. Yes, I haven’t
4. it with me and I’ll see what I can do. A. When left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave
5. It was only when I received his poems recently I began to appreciate their beauty. A. until B. then C. that D. so
6. –-I believe we’ve met somewhere before. --No, .
A. it isn’t the same
B. it can’t be true
C. I don’t think so
D. I’d rather not
7.Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.
A. didn’t I realize
B. did I realize
C. I didn’t realize
D. I realized
8.– , you feed the bird today, ? -- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you
B. will you
C. didn’t you
D. don’t you
9. –
I just heard that the tickets for tonight’s show have been sold ou t.
--Oh no ! .
A. I was looking forward to that
B. It doesn’t matter
C. I knew
it already D. It’s not at all interesting
10. It was for this reason her uncle moved out of and settled down in a small village.
A. which
B. why
C. that
D. how
11. Only when the war was over to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return
B. the young soldier returne d
C. returned the young soldier
D. the young soldier did return
12. is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the match .
A. There, that
B. It, that
C. There, whether
D. It, whether
13. –Let’s go swimming, shall we ? -
- . A. It’s my pleasure
B. It doesn’t matter
C. Yes, let’s go
D. I agree with you
14. -- I enjoyed the food very much. -
- I’m glad you like it. Please drop in any time you like. -
- .
A. Is it all right
B. I’m afraid
I won’t be free.
C. Yes, I will
D. That’s great
15.– Write to me when you get home. -- .
A. I must
B. I should
C. I will
D. I can
16. –I’m afraid I can’t finish the book within this week. -- .
A. Please go ahead
B. That’s tight
C. Not at all.
D. Take your time
17.– Hello, may I have an appointment with the doctor? -
- .
A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment
B. Why didn’t you call ea rlier?
C.Certainly. May I know your name?
D. Sorry, he doesn’t wan t to see you
18. What a pity my new computer doesn’t work. must be so mething wrong with it.
A. It
B. There
C. This
D. That
19. One more week, we will accomplish the task.
A. or
B. so that
C. and
D. if
20. -
- It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all nigh t.
-- My god! . A. So did I B. So I did
C. So were you
D. So did you
21.-- My daughter has passed the exam.
-- Congratulations ! She’s really intelligent. -- .
A. No, no, she is nothing
B. Oh, thank you!
C. Sometimes she is intelligent
D. You are right
22.– Would you rather come on Friday or Saturday? -
- .
A. Yes, of course.
B. The other is better
C. What’s the matter ?
D. Either would suit me.
23.– You forgot to feed the cat again ? -- .
A. I can’t remember.
B. I don’t mind feeding her again.
C. I’ll do it now.
D. Yes, I did. What about you?
24.– Would you like to go to the Grand Theater with me tonight ? -- .
A. No, I wouldn’t
B. That’s all right
C. Yes, I would like to go to the Grand Theater with you toni ght
D. I’d love to, but I have an exam tomorrow.
25. –Jane: Tom, let me introduce you to Lucy. -
- Tom: . -- Lucy: Hi, I’m Lucy Lee.
A. What’s your name
B. Hello
C. Nice to see you.
D. Sorry, not right now.
26.– Mum, I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding ! -
- . A. Let me see
B. Don’t worry
C. Be careful
D. Let me have a look
27. can you expect to get a pay rise. A. Although work har d
B.With hard work
C.Only with hard work
D.Now that he works
1-10 CABDC CBBAC 11-20 AACCC DCBCB 21-
27 BDCDB DC
2013高考英语最后30天语法精讲句子结构
一、特殊疑问句（常用疑问词）
★WHAT
●what…like ? ①人或事物的外观特征；②天气
What’s your brother like ? (长相或人品)
What’s t the weather like today ?
How do you like the film ?
What do you like ?
● what time / date / year …
--What’s the date today ? -- (It’s) October 15.
--What date will he arrive ?
-- (He’ll arrive) on October 15.
●what…for ? = why
--What’s it for ? --(it’s for) cutting grass.
--What did you do that for ?
-- Because I wanted to save time.
( To save time.)
●what kind(s) / sort(s) of…?
What kind of picture(s) do you like best ?
●what size
--What size shoes do you take ? -- (Size) 41.
●what height / length / depth / age
→ho w high / long / deep / old
What’s the height of that mountain ?
What height is that mountain ?
How high is that mountain ?
★ WHICH
●which day /month / year…?（比when更具体） -- Don’t forget his birthday ?
-- I won’t. Which /What day is it ?
●which / what /who 比较
which 更具体，或用which one
Which book are you going to buy ?(哪本书）
What book are you going to buy ?（哪种书）Who do you like best ?
Which one do you like best, Tom or Jack ?
★WHY
●Why not (don’t you) buy a new coat ?
●--Let s set out tonight. --Yes, why not.
★ HOW
● How is your mother ?
How is your mother getting along ?
● How is the weather there ?
What’s the weather like today ?
● How do you find the film ?
How do you like the film?
How / What about the film ?
What do you think of the film?
● --How often do you go to the zoo ?
--Once every two months.
●--H ow soon will you be ready to start ? -
- In two days .
●How far is it from here to the airport ?
◇综合问题
①简答中介词跟在疑问词之后
-- I want to leave this parcel.
--Who for ? ( leave sth for sb)
②else跟在疑问词后（which 和whose 除外）
Where else did you go ?
③用do 作简略回答
--Who wants a lift ? (搭便车） -- I do.
--How many students understood this ? --They all did.
④用ever, on earth 或 in the world 放在疑问词后强调
Where on earth / in the world / ever did you pick that up ?
二、反意疑问句
1、陈述句主语是-one, -body 时，疑问部分主语用they
Nobody says a word, do they ?
2、陈述句主语是-thing, this, that 时，疑问部分主语用it
Everything seems all right, doesn’t it ?
3、陈述句主语是从句、动词不定式、动名词时，疑问部分用it
Swimming is great fun, isn’t it ?
4、感叹句的反意疑问句（感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。

） What fine weather, isn’t it?
5、祈使句的反意疑问句
Do that, will you ? (won’t you )
6、Let’s… , Let us…
Let’s go, shall we ? Let us go, will you ?
7、I’m
I’m interested in English, aren’t I ?
8、I wish…
I wish I were you, may I ?
9、含had better, would rather, would like to do
You’d better come early, hadn’t you ?
You’d rather work than play, wouldn’t you ?
10、陈述句部分含下列否定词时，疑问部分用肯定
few, little, hardly, never, no one, no
There is little ink in your pen, is there ?
11、加前后缀构成的否定，疑问部分仍然用否定
It’s unfair, isn’t it ?
12、陈述部分有must
①must be 对现在情况进行推测
He must be very tired, isn’t he ?
②must have done (对过去推测）有过去时间状语
He must have come yesterday, didn’t he ?
③must have done (由过去延续到现在）
He must have lived here at least 10 years , hasn’t he ?
④must + v. 一定要，必须
You must renew the book, needn’t you ?
13、当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。

但是，当陈述部分的主语是：
I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。

而且要注意到否定的转移问题。

14、当陈述部分是I’m sure that,；we are sure；I’m afraid that；We are sure that；
I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。

15、当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要合离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。

如： Oh, he is a writer, is he? You’ll not go, won’t you?
1. Be sure to write to us, _________?
A. will you
B. aren’t you
C. can you
D. mustn’t you
2. --- , you feed the bird today, _________?
--- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you
B. will you
C. didn’t you
D. don’t you
3. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ____? (2000 上海)
A. did they
B. didn’t they
C. did it
D. didn’t it
4. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _________?
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. will they
D. won’t they
5. Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _____?
A. is he
B. isn’t he
C. doesn’t she
D. does she
6. Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, ______? (02 上海春
季) A. was there B. wasn’t there C. didn’t he D. did he
7. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _____? （04上海） A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t be D. is he
8. There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _______?
A. didn't they
B. don' t they
C. mustn't they
D. haven' t they
9. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ______ ?
A. wasn’t there
B. was there
C. didn’t it
D. did it
10. He never said that he was good at mathematics, ______ ?（05北京春季）
A. was he
B. wasn’t he
C. did he
D. didn’t he
Answers: 1-10 ABDCDCADAC
三、否定句
1. not…and;not…or;not…nor,neither…nor
It’s not tall and wide. (部分否定）
It’s not tall or wide. (全部否定）
Not a flower nor a grass will grow in this area. （全部否定）
2. no; not
● no - adv. -adj. = not a , not any
Sorry, there’s no time to talk.
● not -adv.
Ask him, not his wife.
I can see you tomorrow, but not on Tuesday or Friday.
He failed not because he isn’t clever but because
he didn’t work hard.
3. no more (not …any more);
no longer (not any longer)
Time lost will return no more. (动作的重复次数）
He doesn’t work here any longer.（动作的延续）
4. no; none; no one :
no 是一个限定词，用在单数（可数或不可数）名词和复数名词前面，也就是说一个名词前面没有冠词、物主代词或者代词的时候，才可以用它；而在the , my, your, this, these, that等词前面，应该使用none of, none, 可指人或物，而no one指人
There were no letters for you this morning, I’m afraid.
None of my friends live near here.
I stayed in all evening waiting, but no one came.
☆ A little money is better than at all. (none)
I wanted two tickets, but there was left. (none)
There is telling when he will be back. (no)
--Who is in the room ? -- . (No one)
5.否定转移：下列词后接从句，如果否定，否定词前移，
但hope 例外， think, believe, expect, suppose
I don’t think that he will come.
I hope that it won’t rain.
6.避免否定误用
He asked me a second question before
I answer the first one. A. could B. couldn’t
7.Nothing is + 比较级+ than to + V. Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V.
例句：没有比接受教育更重要的事了。

Nothing is more important than to receive education.
8. 。

cannot emphasize the importance of 。

too much.
（再怎么强调... ...的重要性也不为过。

）
例句：我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
四、倒装句
◇全部倒装
1.由here, there引起，谓语通常用 be, come, go
Look ! Here comes your sister. There goes the bell.
2. 由介词短语引起，谓语通常用be, stand, lie, live, live, sit, come, go, rise
Along the wall stand four big chairs.
At the top of the hill lay the dying soldiers.
3. 由up, down, on, in, off, away, out, back引起，谓语通常用come, go, run, rush, fly Out rushed the boy.
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
4.以上情况主语如果是代词，主谓不倒装
Here’s your watch. (Here it is.)
Up it went.
5.由个别副词引起，谓语通常是be, lie
North of the city lies (is) a railway.
6. 由such引起，谓语通常用be
Such is what he said. Such are his words.
◇部分倒装
指谓语的一部分放在主语之前而引起的倒装，通常是助动词或情态动词提前或连系动词提前 1. 由never, hardly, seldom, little, not until引起
Seldom did he make any mistakes.
Not until yesterday did I receive his letter.
2. not only…but also连接两个单句时，前面的倒装
Not only was she working hard, but also she was very polite.
3. neither…nor连接两个单句时，两个句子都倒装
Neither is he studying, nor is he working.
4. no sooner…than, hardly (scarcely)…when
No sooner had we got into the room than the telephone rang.
5. 由only + 状语， so + adj. (adv.) 引起
Only then (Only at the age of 18) did he realize the importance of the problem.
6. 由as引起
Child as he is, he can work out the problem.
7. 虚拟语气的倒装
Were I you, I would work harder.
Had you come yesterday, you would have known that.
Should it rain tomorrow, you would n’t leave.
◇ so (neither, nor) + be (do, have, 情态动词，助动词）+ 主语
You should work harder and so should I.
She hasn’t been to and nor have I.
--I went to the zoo yesterday. --So you did.
--She is a tailor. --So is she. / So she is.
五、祈使句
1. do强调祈使句
Do have another cup of coffee.
2. And可连接两个祈使句
Wait and see.
Come and see this goldfish.
Try and (to) see his point of view.
3. 祈使句 + and (or) + 简单句
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
(If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.)
Use your head, and you’ll find a good way.
(If you use your head, you’ll find a good way.)
4.对祈使句的回答
-- Drive carefully! -- (Yes,) I will.
-- Don’t take any risk. -- (No,) I won’t.
六、感叹句
1. adj. (Subj. + be ) How lovely !
How adv. (Subj. + v.) How well you sing !
subj. +v. How you work !
adj. + a (an) + n. How good a map it is!
2. a (an) (+ adj.) + n. What a rude man !
(+ adj.) + n. (可数名词复数）
What What lovely flowers !
( + adj.) + n. (不可数名词）
What fine weather !
七、省略与替代
Ⅰ、动词不定式中的省略
1．在下列动词see ，watch ，notice ， observe ， look at ， make ， have ，
let ， hear ， listen to ， feel等后的不定式做宾补，要省略不定式符号。

2．在．．．do nothing but / except do ．．．的结构中，在介词but或except后作宾语时不定式符号要省略。

3．在would rather和had better后不定式符号要省略。

4．在几个不定式并列时，第二个、第三个不定式的不定式符号要省略。

5．在expect ，forget ， like ，
want ， wish ， try ， have ， need ， used ， ought ， be able ，
be going 等动词和动词词组后接的不定式中，不定式符号后面的动词原形常省略。

Ⅱ、从句中的省略。

1．在if ， as if ，while ， when ， where ， although ， unless ， what ， whether等引起的状语从句中可以省略主谓部分。

Mistakes， if any ，should be corrected ．（ = if there are any mistakes）
Please come again ，if possible．（= if it possible for you to come）
Fill in the proper articles where necessary．（= where they are necessary）
He won’t come ，unless invited ．(= unless he is invited)
He opened his lips as if to say something ．（= as if he were going to say something）
2．在if引起的从句中如有等词倒装时，省略if。