紧固件的拆装

GENERAL - Fastener Installation and Removal
4.Solid Shank Rivets
A.
General
(1)
The solid shank rivets in general use on this airplane are made from 7050, 2017 or 2117 aluminum alloy. In some locations, rivets made from 5056 or 2024 aluminum alloy, or nickel-copper alloy are used.
飞机上使用的实心铆钉大部分是由7050,2017,2117铝合金制造。

在某些位置，铆钉由5056或2024铝合金制造或者是由镍铜合金制造。

(a)
2017, 2117, 5056, and 7050 aluminum alloy rivets and monel rivets may be stored and used at room temperature.
2017,2117,5056,7050铝合金铆钉及蒙乃尔镍铜合金铆钉在室温下储存和使用.
(b)
Rivets made from 2024 aluminum alloy must be heat-treated and then stored at a temperature of -10°F (-23°C), or lower. After removal from cold storage the rivets must be completely driven within 15 minutes. These rivets must not be returned to cold storage once they have been removed.
2024铝合金铆钉需要热处理并储存在零下23摄氏度(或更底温度)。

从储存室取出的2024铆钉必需在15分钟内使用。

铆钉一经取出就不能放回储存室。

(2)
Machine-driven rivets are frequently used during the initial airplane asssembly. Some machine-driven rivets have a formed head on each end of the rivet (slug rivet). Slug rivets can be installed with hand tools, but manufactured head rivets are usually installed as an alternative to slug rivets.
(3)
Refer to 51-20-05, GENERAL for replacement of rivets in the integral fuel tank.
中央油箱上铆钉的更换参照SRM51-20-05.
B.
Installation of Solid Rivets
实心铆钉的安装
(1)
Solid rivets can be installed with a rivet gun and bucking bar or an applicable squeeze riveting tool. Some rivets (for example, the BACR15FT rivet) are installed with tools that can be different than tools for most rivets. Make sure that you have the proper tools for each type of rivet that you install.
用铆枪和顶铁或者铆钉挤压工具来安装铆钉.。

用正确的方法和工具来安装铆钉.
(a)
Rivet guns and bucking bars must be large enough to drive the rivets quickly. Three to four seconds duration is best. Seven seconds is the maximum.
铆枪和顶铁必须足够大以确保铆钉快速成型。

3-4秒持续时间最好.最多不超过7秒.
(b)
Do not over-drive rivets as this can cause diagonal cracks. It is recommended that bucking bars be very smooth when you install all types of rivets. But, smooth bucking bars are very important when you drive 7050 and 2017 aluminum alloy rivets.
不能长时间打铆钉，否则会产生斜裂纹。

在安装铆钉的时候顶铁必须放平。

特别是安装7050和2017铝合金铆钉.
(c)
Use heavy, slow speed rivet guns and heavier bucking bars for nickel-copper alloy rivets.
安装蒙乃尔镍铜合金铆钉要使用大的低速的铆枪和重的顶铁.
(2)
Install 5056 rivets wet with sealant if the rivets are installed in aluminum structure. Install 5056 rivets dry if installed in magnesium structure. Install all other rivets dry, unless told to do differently in a specific repair procedure.
在铝合金上安装5056铆钉要使用湿安装.在镁合金上要用干安装.如果没有特殊的要求,铆钉一律采用干安装.
(3)
Figure 3/GENERAL shows the grip ranges, shank projection before driving, and the driven head sizes for solid shank rivets used in non-fluid-tight applications.
图3给出零件厚度及钉杆的长度的关系，以及实心杆铆钉在非液体密封区域的钉头尺寸。

(4)
Figure 4/GENERAL shows the grip ranges and the driven head sizes for solid shank rivets used in fluid-tight applications.
图4给出零件厚度及钉头尺寸在液体密封区域的关系。

NOTE:
The driven head for fluid-tight universal rivets is always formed on the seal plane of the integral fuel tank.
C.
Do the inspections that follow after you install the rivets:
打铆钉之后需要做以下检查
(1)
Measure the button dimensions as shown in Figure 3/GENERAL or Figure 4/GENERAL, as applicable.
测量墩头的尺寸参照图3或图4。

(2)
Inspect the heads and buttons for cracks as shown in Figure 6/GENERAL.
检查钉头和墩头是否有裂纹参照图6。

(3)
Inspect the gaps under the heads of installed rivets as shown in Figure 7/GENERAL.
检查钉头与零件之间的缝隙参照图7。

D.
Rework of rivet holes.
(1)
Rework is necessary when a rivet will be installed in a hole that was filled before by a rivet.
Rework can also be necessary if a new hole does not comply with the quality specifications in 51-40-05, GENERAL, 51-40-08, GENERAL, or 51-20-07, GENERAL. Reworked holes must comply with the same quality specifications as the initial hole.
如果有必要，在旧孔内安装新铆钉可以重新钻孔。

如果新孔不能满足SRM51-40-05，SRM51-40-08，SRM51-20-07修理要求时，需要重新钻孔。

新孔的质量要求需要与旧孔保持一致。

(2)
It is permitted to rework holes to 1/32 inch oversize.
允许把旧孔直径加大1/32英寸。

E.
Refer to Figure 8/GENERAL for the procedures to remove solid shank rivets.
对于实心铆钉的拆除参照图8。

5.
Blind Rivets
A.
General
(1)
Blind rivets are intended for use where access is limited to one side of the work.
拉铆钉应用在只能接近一面的工作区域。

(2)
Refer to 51-40-01, GENERAL for limitations on the use of blind rivets.
拉铆钉的应用范围参照SRM51-40-01。

B.
Installation
(1)
Blind rivets are installed with special tools, usually supplied by the fastener manufacturer.
拉铆钉用特殊工具安装，通常是由厂家提供。

NOTE:
Blind rivets are supplied with different spindle configurations, full serrations, and partial serrations. Rivets having different spindle configurations cannot be installed with the same pulling head of the tool.
(2)
Check for correct installation as follows:
检查拉铆钉的正确安装；
(a)
The heads of protruding type must be seated so that a 0.002 inch thick shim cannot contact the rivet shank.
高头拉铆钉的头与零件之间的距离小于0.002英寸。

(b)
The heads of flush type must be seated so that a 0.002 inch thick shim cannot be inserted between the head of the rivet and the countersink for more than 40% of the circumference of the head and does not contact the rivet shank.
平头拉铆钉的头与埋窝的40%圆周之间的距离要小于0.002英寸。

(c)
Check that stem and collar protrusions are within limits shown in Figure 9/GENERAL, Table I . 参照图9检查钉杆的伸出范围是否在允许极限范围内。

C.
Removal
拆除
(1)
If the removal of blind rivets is necessary, refer to Figure 10/GENERAL.
参照图10对拉铆钉进行拆除。