中考语法详解及练习之名词学案
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中考语法详解及练习之名词学案
中考语法详解及练习之名词
第一节考点归纳
一、可数名词与不可数名词
英语名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词是表示可以计数的人、事物的名词。
可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式,有些词的单复数形式相同。
不可数名词是表示不可以计数的事物的名词。
不可数名词一般不分单数和复数,也不能直接与a/an连用。
一般说来,个体名词是可数名词;抽象名词、"物质名词和专有名词是不可数名词;集体名词根据情况,有时用作可数名词,有时用作不可数名词。
有时有些物质名词和抽象名词也可转用作个体名词。
(一)可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语。
能修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词,last,next,the other和序数词只能修饰可数名词单数和复数。
(二)单复数形式分别表示不同的意义
advice, bread, butter, baggage, chalk, clothing, furniture, fun, homework, information, juice, luggage, luck, music, milk, progress, permission, practice, rice, soap, weather, work等,
(四)不可数的抽象名词在表示具体事物的时为可数名词
beauty, coffee, failure, honour, success, difficulty, experience, trouble
二、专有名词
专有名词是指表示人名、地方、团体或事物的名称的词。
专有名词的实词部要大写词首字母。
专有名词一般不加冠词,但在由普通名词或形容词构成的;表示全体国民的;表示一家人或夫妇的形式复数前;书报名称;团体或公共建筑名称前;江海平原等前加定冠词。
Abraham Lincoln 亚伯拉罕·林肯 London 伦敦 Canada 加拿大
the United States of America 美利坚合众国 the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂
the Smiths 史密斯夫妇 the Pacific Ocean太平洋
the Germans德国人民 the Rich富人
三、名词的复数形式
可数名词有单、复数两种形式。
单数用原形,复数有词形变化。
该词形变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(一)规则复数形式的构成
不以加词尾-s或-es构成的名词复数都为不规则复数,大体有以下几种情况。
1.通过内部元音变化构成复数。
如:
foot→feet man→men goose→geese woman→women
tooth→teeth mouse→mice
2.以加词尾-en构成复数。
如:
ox→oxen child→children
3.单数和复数为同一形式。
如:
a sheep→two sheep a deer→two deer
a Chinese→two Chinese
4.合成名词,将主体词变为复数形式。
如:
passer-by→passers-by 过路人 new-comer→new-comers 移民
son-in-law→sons-in-law 女婿 editor-in-chief→ editors-in-chief主编
5.两个构成部分都要变成复数。
如:
man doctor→men doctors 男医生
woman teacher→women teachers 女教师
6.一些外来词的复数形式通常以-es,-a结尾。
analysis→analyses 分析bacterium→bacteria 细菌
basis→bases 基础crisis→crises 危机
phenomenon→phenomena 现象thesis→theses 论文
[注意]在使用名词单、复数时还要注意的几个问题
1.有些名词通常只有复数形式。
如:
clothes衣服 trousers裤子
goods货物 compasses圆规
scissors剪刀 arms武器
2.单、复数形式词义不同。
如:
glass 玻璃 glasses 眼镜
time 时间 times 倍,次,时代
work 工作 works 工厂,工事,作品
3.物质名词的复数形式一般表示不同的种类。
如:
these foods 这些(不同种类的)食品 fruits (各种)水果
grasses (各种)草
4.有些名词形式上是单数,但意义上却是复数。
如:
people 人民 cattle牛(总称) police警察 public公众
四、名词的所有格
所有格一般表示所有关系。
有-‘s所有格和of所有格两种。
(一)'s所有格
下所有格主要用来表示有生命的东西的名词。
's所有格的构成方法如下:
1.一般在名词词尾加’s,读音和名词单数变复数加-s时一样。
如:
the girl's room 这女孩的房间 a peasant's family 一个农民的家庭
2.以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾只加“'”。
如:
the teachers' reading-room 教师阅览室 the students' book 学生用书
3.在某些以-s结尾的专有名词后,也只加”'”。
如:
James’ eyes詹姆斯的眼晴 Engels' praise恩格斯的赞扬
4.不以-s结尾的复数名词加's。
如:
women's dress妇女的衣服 men's work 男人的工作
the children's room 孩子的房间
5.合成名词的所有格,在最后的一个名词的末尾加’s。
如:
the editor-in-chief's office总编辑室 my father-in-law's house我岳父的房子
6.如果某物为两人共有,则只在后一个名词的词尾加's;如果表示各自的所有关系时,则各个名词词尾都加's。
如:
Jim and Kate's house 吉姆和凯特的家
Mary's and Jack's books 玛丽的书和杰克的书
7.表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的东西的名词,也可以用's构成所有关系。
如:
ten minutes' walk l0分钟的步行
today',newspaper 今天的报纸
one pound's weight l磅的重量
(二)of所有格
of所有格是以"of+名词"构成的一种词组形式,主要用于表示无生命东西的名词,表示所有关系。
如:
the workshop of the factory 工厂的车间 the door of the room 房间的门
表示有生命东西的名词,也可用of所有格表示所有关系,或者表示主谓关系、动宾关系或事物的来源等。
如:
the death of Stalin 斯大林的逝世
the arrival of the chairman 主席的到来
the laws of Newton 牛顿定律
(三)双重所有格
's所有格有时可以和of所有格结合在一起表示所有关系,这叫做"双重所有格"。
1.双重所有格的形式
1)of十名词所有格
a friend of my brother's.我弟弟的一位朋友
a new design of Mr. Brown's.布朗先生的一项新设计
2)of+名词性物主代词
a friend of mine我的一位朋友 a necklace of yours你的一条项链
2.双重所有格的几个特征
1)双重所有格所修饰的名词(即of之前的名词)通常和不定冠词a及any,some,no,few,several等表示数量的词连用,表示"其中之一"或"其中一部分"的意思,但不可以和定冠词the连用。
如:
This a book of my father's.这是我爸爸的一本书。
Have you read any books of Einstein's?你读过爱因斯坦的什么书吗?
Some friends of my brother’s have arrived.我兄弟的几位朋友已经到了。
不能说:the play of Shakespeare's或the novels of Lu Xun's
2)“of十名词所有格”中的名词一般表示人,不能表示物;该名词必须是特指的,不能是泛指的,不能与不定冠词连用。
如:
a friend of the doctor 这个大夫的一个朋友
some books of my brother's 我哥哥的一些书
不能说:*a cover of the book's
*a friend of a doctor's
3)双重所有格修饰的名词和指示代词this, that, these, those连用时,往往表示爱憎、褒贬等感情色彩,这时并不表示"部分"的意思。
如:
That little daughter of your sister's is really a dear.
你姐姐的那个小女儿真逗人爱。
These remarks of yours are of great value to us.你的这些话对我们来说很有帮助。
3.of所有格与双重所有格的区别
有时of所有格与双重所有格在单句中意义较接近,知识则重点有所不同。
如:
He is a friend of my father’s.=He is one of my father’s friends.(着重说明父亲不止他一个朋友)
He is a friend of my father.=It is he who is my father’s friend.(着重说明他是我父亲的唯一一个朋友)
但中心词是portrait,picture,printing,photograph等词时,后面用of所有格指某人自己的肖像、照片等;用双重所有格则表示某人所收藏的肖像、照片。
This is a picture of my father.照片上的人是我父亲。
This is a picture of my father’s.这照片属于我父亲收藏。
五、名词的语法功能
1、作主语
The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2、作宾语
I met your elder brother in the street。
我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗?
3、作表语
It's a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4、作宾语的补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。
(职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词)
The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。
5、作定语
(1)直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上,我们的书店停一下吧!
He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
(2)man,woman,gentleman作定语
man,woman,gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。
(3)某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车 savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外语系
(4)单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
6、作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。
7、作同位语
Mr Black, president of the company, will visit Beijing next month.布莱克先生,公司的总裁,将于下月访问北京。
8、做状语 The rain lasted an hour.雨下了一个小时。
第二节专题训练
1、Nowadays we can learn a great deal of _____ about the world through the Internet.
A. information
B. books
C. people
D. countries
2、David’s favorite is tennis. He plays it every day.
A.food
B.color
C.sport
D.teacher
3、-The man is training some boys to play basketball in the playground. Is he a ______ ?
-Yes, that’s right.
A. doctor
B. policeman
C. driver
D. coach
4、--How often do you eat _______?
--I guess I eat it two or three times a week.
A. junk food
B. vegetable
C. banana
D. hamburger
5、Tina and I are good friends.Our______ began 10 years ago.
A.message B.friendship C.suggestion D.education
6、-The land in the southwest of China is in great need of _______.
-Yes, it hasn't rained for a long time there.
A. water
B. tea
C. food
D. milk
7、—May I touch this old window,Dad?
—No,you can't,Jim.The broken ________ might hurt you.
A.glass B.cotton C.steel D.leaf
8、He is trying to explain how ________ began on the earth.
A. life
B. lives
C. the life
D. a life
9、In western countries, ________ are thrown away each day.
A. mountains of rubbish
B. mountains of rubbishes
C. a lot of rubbish
D. a lot of rubbishes
10、This tree has green ________ throughout the year.
A. leaf
B. leafs
C. leave
D. leaves
11、 Look, five _________ are feeding on the hill.
A. sheeps
B. sheep
C. sheeps
D. the sheep
12、–How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? -- _________.
A. In five day’s time
B. In five days’ time
C. In five days time
D. For five days
13、—Mom, I am hungry. May I have some ____________?
—Of course. But don’t eat too much.
A.noodle B.bread C.dumpling D.hamburger
14、Her lovely dog’s _________ made her very sad.
A. dying
B. die
C. dead
D. death.
15、—What f ruit would you like?
—Some , please. They are my favorite.
A. dessert
B. grapes
C. juice
D. biscuits
16、 Do you have any ________and ________for lunch?
A. chicken; tomatoes
B. chicken; tomato
C. chickens; tomatoes
D. chickens; tomato
17、— How many ________ are there? —There is only one.
A. breads
B. apple
C. banana
D. sheep
18、There are many books in our school ____________. I often go there to do some reading.
A. W.C.
B. classroom
C. playground
D. library
19、if you need further ________about our products, please surf the Internet.
A. Information
B. experience
C. practice
D. expression
20、It is an English ________ to have afternoon tea.
A.menu B.drink C.festival D.tradition
21、--Why not wear a blue dress for the party?
--I don't think the dress and the boots are a good __________
A. view
B. fight
C. match
D. task
22、Jenny, you should prepare for tomorrow’s _______.
A. attention
B. interview
C. direction
D. instruction
23、My mother is very______ with us when my sister and I ask her questions. We all love her.
A.patient B.secret C.active D.wisely
24、——Sorry,Jane.I took your school bag by .——It doesn’t matter.
A.hand B.mistake C.bike D.heart
25、Health is important to us teenagers,so we should eat more vegetables such as(例如)________ to keep healthy.
A.tomatoes and potatoes B.tomatos and potatos
C.tomatos and potatoes D.tomatoes and potatos
26、Ted was facing a difficult ______between staying with his
family and working abroad.
A.choose B.chose C.choice D.chosen
27、I found my lost bike because of his proper ___________.
A. decision
B. satisfaction
C. surprise
D. joy
28、These are my________.
A.photo B.photos C.a photo D.photoes
参考答案
1、A
2、C
3、D
4、A
5、B
6、A
7、A
8、A
9、A
10、D
11、B
12、B
13、B
14、D
15、B
16、A
17、D
18、D
19、A
20、D
21、C
22、B
23、A
24、B
25、A
27、A
28、B
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2.环境保护人人有责,如果我们每一个人都能珍爱美丽地球保护自然资源,相信我们的家园会越来越美好。
某英文网站正在开展以“Going Green”为主题的征文活动。
假如你是李华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿,谈谈我们面临的主要环境问题是什么,为改善环境我们能做什么,以及你的期望。
提示词语: pollution, protect, save, recycle, take action
提示问题:● What are the main environmental problems we have?● What can we do in our daily life? ● What’s your wish?
Now there are many environmental
problems._______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Now there are many environmental problems. Such as air pollution, water pollution and so on.
I believe that there are many things we can do in our daily life, we can save energy by go to school by bike or on foot. We can use less water by turning off the tap while we brush our teeth, and taking shorter showers. When we see litter on the ground, we must pick it up and put it into different bins.
I hope everyone can take action. Although each one of us may only do a little, together we can make a big difference. Let’s work together to make a better place to live.
【解析】
【详解】
题干解读:该题目属于说明文写作,写作时要把我们面临的主要环境问题是什么,为改善环境我们能做什么,以及你的期望全部包括。
例文点评:例文采用的是三段式;用第一人称来叙述为改善环境我们能做什么;时态采用的是一般现在时,描述建议时,描写具体,条理清晰。
高分亮点:
短语:save energy;brush our teeth;put it into different bins;take action;make a big difference。
句型:When we see litter on the ground, we must pick it up and put it into different bins;Although each one of us may only do a little, together we can make a big difference。
【点睛】
首先认真审题,看清题目中的要求和要点;然后根据提示内容,列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达,例如save energy;brush our teeth;put it into different bins;take action;make a big difference。
以及状语从句等;然后紧扣要点,动笔写作,在写作过程中,要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡,必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词,使文章过渡平稳,自然流畅;最后,要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等,还要检查语法结构是否合理,有无重复、啰嗦的语言,大小写是否正确,词数是否符合要求等。
3.为提升南京城市形象,我市已启动老小区出新改造工程。
假设你是 Tim,请根据下面表格内容的提示,用英文向你的外国笔友 Jack 做简单的介绍。
注意:
1.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称;
2.语言通顺,意思连贯,条理清楚,书写规范;
3 词数 80 左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Hi, Jack! I am Tim. Today I will tell you something about the project “Renovation of the old communities” in Nanjing.
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
【答案】Hi, Jack! I am Tim. Today I will tell you something about the project “Renovation of the old communities” in Nanjing. This project is aim to improve the environment. After this project, there will be more beautiful buildings, some parks and a big shopping store. Our life will be more convenient. But there are some problems which influence our life. For example, lots of noise is around us all day long, and we can see the building rubbish anywhere. In my opinion, the project team only work in daytime and the building rubbish can be put at a fixed place. Of course, everyone in the old communities can do what they can do to renovate our communities.
【解析】
【分析】
这篇书面表达是描述老社区改造工程,话题较新。
【详解】
这是篇材料作文,所给的内容要点给的比较零碎,不完整,所以考生需要结合实际情况补充完整,是文章内容充实。
在写作时,首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型,在能力范围之内,选择句式时要赋予变化,这样才可以更好的驾驭。
同时也要选择合适的连接词,把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体。
4.假如你是李华,请你根据以下提示用英语写一封保护大象的倡议书。
提示:陆地上最大的哺乳动物,可以活到80岁。
目前数量在减少,因为:
1)人们砍伐森林,大象渐渐失去家园;
2)人们捕杀大象,获取象牙。
3)应如何保护它们(不少于三条)。
要求:1)恰当运用比较级和最高级;2)80词左右。
倡议书的结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:哺乳动物mammal; 象牙ivory
Dear classmates
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________
I believe everyone's contribution (贡献) can make a big difference.
Yours,
Lihua 【答案】Dear classmates,
Elephants are the largest mammals on the land and they can live up to be eighty years. But now the number of the elephants is decreasing because of the following reasons. Firstly, people cut down trees in the forest, so elephants are losing their homes. Secondly, people also kill elephants for their ivory.
As a result, we need to do something to help them. First, we should plant more trees to build the homes for elephants. Second, we can put up post on the street to tell people that it is against the law to kill elephants. Or we can also hold some activities in some public places to spread the idea of protecting the elephants.
I believe everyone's contribution (贡献) can make a big difference.
Yours,
Lihua 【解析】
【详解】
本文是一封倡议书,倡议大家保护大象。
文章共分为三个方面的内容,首先描述大象想在所处的现状,然后说明出现这种状况的原因,最后为了保护的大象我们应该如何去做。
时态主要为一般现在时。
提出倡议时可以使用We can/ We should/ Let’s/We’d better的表示建议的句子。
写作时注意不要使用太复杂的句型,以免出现语法错误,为使句子具有连贯性,可以适当使用连词。
本篇文章内容完整,符合材料要求,Elephants are the largest
mamm als …,及First, we should plant more trees 也使用到了比较级和最高级;Firstly,…. Secondly,…等词的使用使文章具有层次性,条理清晰。
并且一些连词的使用,比如so, or, but等也使文章具有连贯性,是一篇不错的文章。
5.假如你是李华,是某英文电台“ Say it”栏目的兼职编辑。
最近你收到一名叫王平的中学生发来的电子邮件,向你们栏目组求助。
请你根据电子邮件内容给她回复一封电子邮件,帮助她解答困惑。
Dear Li Hua,
I' m a middle school student. Recently I argued with my parents over using Wechat. You know Wechat has become a part of our everyday life, but my parents don’t allow me to use it. What 's worse, they have changed my password(密码)so that I can’t use it. There has bee n a "cold war" between us for over a week. What should I do?
Yours,
Wang Ping
要求:1.语言表达要准确,语意要通顺、连贯;
2.词数80-100左右,电子邮件的格式、开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数。
参考词汇:欺骗tick;许可permission
Dear Wang Ping,
I'm sorry to hear that you are having problems with your parents because of using
Wechat.________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________
I believe things will get better,
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Wang Ping
I‘m sorry to hear that you are having probl ems with your parents because of using Wechat. In fact, your problem is very common . Cheer up and let’s find a good way to solve it.
You may be tricked or get into trouble when you use Wechat. Also, using it for a long time is bad for your health, especially for your eyes. Maybe your parents worry about these things. In my opinion, communication is very important. Why not have a good talk with your parents about how to use Wechat properly? Try telling them you won’t use it for too long and won’t use it whe n you are studying. What more. tell them you’ll never add strangers without their permission.
I believe things will get better.
Yours
Li Hu 【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇应用文写作,写一封回信。
本题给出了主要写作要点,动笔前要先认真阅读要点,确定写作内容,并适当发挥。
根据内容可知本文主要是一般现在时态和将来时态,写作中注意标点符号及大小写等问题,不要犯语法错误。
注意上下文之间的逻辑关系,语意连贯。
【点睛】
这是一篇比较不错的作文。
作者根据题目要求,层次非常的清晰。
短文中需要作者自己补充的内容完成得也不错这些内容都比较贴合文章的需要,意思也很连贯。
文章中还用了一些比较好的句型Maybe your parents worry about these things. In my opinion, communication is very important.;Why not have a good talk with your parents about how to use Wechat properly?
6.书面表达
近年来,人们非常关注学生的安全。
很多学校为此取消了许多有意义的外出活动,如春游、夏令营、野餐等。
假设你是育英中学的一名学生张明,请给郑校长发一封电子邮件,就此发表自己的看法。
要点如下:
1. 安全第一,但开展一些户外活动还是有必要的;
2. 通过这些活动,学生不仅能增长知识,还能开拓视野;
3. 与大自然亲密接触,能增强同学们的环保意识;
4. 建议学校在活动之前教给学生一些安全常识,让学生学会保护自己和自救。
参考词汇:outdoor activities户外活动;open up one’s eyes开阔视野
注意:1. 词数80—100;
2. 请不要逐句翻译,可适当发挥;
3. 文中不能出现真实的校名和人名;
4. 邮件的开头和结尾已经写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Zheng,
I’m sorry to trouble you. I’m Zhang Ming, a student from Yuying High School. I’m writing to you about outdoor activities.
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Yours,
Zhang Ming
【答案】Dear Mr. Zheng,
I’m sorry to trouble you. I’m Zhang Ming, a student from Yuying High school. V m writing to you about outdoor activities.
Could you please organize some outdoor activities for us, dear headmaster? Of course, safety comes first. But it’s necessary for us to take part in such activities.
In my opinion, we can learn more knowledge and open up our eyes in this way. What’s more, it’s a good way for us to learn to protect the environment by staying close to the nature. And we can get on well with our teachers and classmates.
Why not show us some safety knowledge before these activities. It’s a good chance for us to learn to protect and save ourselves.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Zhang Ming
【解析】
【详解】
近年来,人们非常关注学生的安全。
很多学校为此取消了许多有意义的外出活动,如春游、夏令营、野餐等。
假设你是育英中学的一名学生张明,请给郑校长发一封电子邮件,就此发表自己的看法。
这是一篇给材料作文,介绍自己的度假计划本文做给材料比较详细,叙述中注意将要点中的事情介绍清楚,可以适当取舍。
动笔前先根据材料确定时态,句式,词汇等主要内容。
根据内容可知本文时态问题比较复杂,注意时态与时间状语的搭
配问题,人称主要是第一人称。
写作中注意使用连接词,注意表达的多样化,做到语意连贯符合逻辑。
【点睛】
文中用到了一些好的句型,这些句型给文中增色不少,如:Could you please organize some outdoor activities for us;In my opinion, we can learn more knowledge and open up our eyes in this way.
7.从下面两个题目中任选一题,根据中文和英文提示,完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。
文中已给出内容不计人总词数。
所给提示词语仅供选用。
请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假如你是李华,明天下午2:00你要去参加“传统文化才艺展示”活动,因此不能上英语课。
请用英文给你们的外教John写一张请假条,告诉他你要去干什么,为什么要参加这个活动以及你保证按时完成作业。
提示词语:traditional talent show, Chinese culture, ask, help
提示问题:.What will you do tomorrow afternoon?
Why will you take this activity?
How will you finish your homework?
Dear John,
I'm sorry to ask for absence from your English lesson.__________________
______________________________________________________________
Your loring student
Li lHua
题目②
一位好老师,胜过万卷书。
在你的初中生活中,一定会有一位老师给你留下了深刻印象。
某英文网站正在开展以“Thank you, my teacher”为主题的征文活动。
假如你是李华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿,让更多的人认识你的老师,同时表达你对他/她的感激之情。
主要内容包括: 哪位老师给你留下了深刻印象,发生了什么事使你印象深刻以及你想对他/她说些什么。
提示词语:kind, helpful,talk with,make progress
提示问题:Which teacher impressed you most?
What happened to make you impressed?
What do you want to say to him/her?
Thank you,my teacher
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
【答案】题目一:
Dear John,
I'm sorry to ask for absence fom your English lesson. I'm going to aend a traditional talent show at 2:00 tomorrow aftermoon.
In order to let the foreign students in our school know more about Chinese culture, our school holds this talent show. I will introduce Chinese painting in English.
I will ask my classmates to help me with my English. And I promise to finish my homework on time.
Your loring student
Li Hua
题目二:
Among all my teachers, my English teacher impressed me most. She is always kind and helpful. last year, I did badly in a big test and I found English too hard. As soon as she found out this, she talked with me and gave me some helpful advice. With her encouragement, I have made great progress.
I really want to say"Thank you for helping me. I love you!" to my English teacher.
【解析】
【详解】
、
题目①
本文是一篇应用文,作文要求写一张请假条,因此格式要遵循假条的格式。
假条的内容——时间和事由均给出,结合提示问题可知假条主要从三个方面写,这三个方面需要作者自由发挥一部分内容。
本例文是一篇应用文,人称为第一人称,时态是以一般将来时为主。
例文分成三段,根据提示问题,每段成一行,这种写法条理清晰,分段明确。
高分亮点:ask for;absence from;一般将来时;in order to;help sb with sth;promise to do;on time。
题目②
题目二是一篇话题作文,根据话题可知这是一篇感谢老师的文章。
人称应该为第一人称。
注意给出的提示问题,文章要包含这三部分的内容。
本例文以第一人称书写,时态主要是一般过去时和一般现在时。
文章第一段介绍“我”要感谢的老师,第二段用一般过去时介绍为什么“我”要感谢老师,第三段表达“我”的感谢。
分段明确,语句简洁不啰嗦,时态运用合理。
高分亮点:Among all my teachers;did badly in;As soon as;found out;talked with;现在
完成时;want to do sth。
8.人类只有一个地球。
根据提示,以“Saving the Earth”为题,写一篇80词左右的短文。
提示: 1.如何保护环境已成为世界最大难题之一;
2.各种污染破坏环境,损害健康;
3.不要乱倒垃圾,乱排废水;
4.我们应该保护环境,使我们的家园更加美丽。
【答案】Saving the Earth
The earth is our home. We should take care of it. But some things we have done are bad for the earth. We have polluted the earth and made it sick. We cut down too many trees and change rich land into desert. Many factories pour waste water into rivers and lakes. Pollution has caused some serious problems. For example, much of the land is poor, some rivers and lakes are dirty. Even the temperature of the earth is rising. The earth is crying for help.
What shall we do to save it? My suggestions are that we should plant more trees, put the rubbish into dustbins and stop factories from pouring waste water directly into rivers. After all, we have only one earth. We should do everything we can to protect it, or we’ll be punished and lose our home.
【解析】
试题分析:这是一篇给材料作文,动笔前首先要认真审题,弄清题意。
然后根据主题组织材料,确定写作内容。
写作中,应注意描述的全面性,尽量将提示的内容利用上;结合材料内容,可知本文主要是第一人称,一般现在时态进行叙述。
语言的表述应该符合语法的结构,造句应该符合英语的表达习惯。
适当使用连词,做到上下文联系紧密,符合逻辑关系。
【亮点说明】这篇短文包含了所有要点,能围绕内容要点适当发挥,内容具体、丰富。
应用了较丰富的语言结构和词汇,用词准确、句子通顺、行文连贯、表达清楚,具有较强的语言运用能力。
层次清晰,语言地道,主题鲜明,内容翔实,格式正确,结构紧凑。
使用了一些比较好的字句。
比如:one of the biggest problems in the world;such as比如;not only……but also……;We must try our best to……等。
学习中注意总结,牢记一些固定句式及短语,写作时就可以适当引用, 让文章更出彩。
考点:考查提纲类作文
9.你校正在举办以“社会主义核心价值观”为主题的英语演讲比赛,你准备从“和善”这一点展开论述,请根据提示,以“Kindness is a gift”为题,写一篇英语演讲稿。