高中高考英语语法精品学案：专题介词优选

介是英中最活的之一。

使用率相当高，用法多而，一个介可能有多种不一样
的用法；一个邻近的意思又能够用不一样的介表达。

所以在一的考取必逐个掌握每个
高介的用法；弄清楚易混介的用法异同；能依据详细境灵巧运用介。

常用介、
易介的辨析以及介固定搭配的考将是2012 年介考的主要方向。

一、介的分与法功能
介是虚，不可以独作句子成分，必与名、代(或相当于名的其余或短等) 组成介短，在句中充任一个成分。

介分：介，如 at ，in，for等；合成介，如within，inside，onto，throughout
等；短介，如according to，out of，by means of，in spite of，instead of等；双重介，如from behind /above /under，until after等；分介，如considering，including ， judging (from/by)等。

二、介的意
1．表示的介
(1)in 表示“在某一段”或“在某一候”，如用在月、季、年份、代、世等名
的前面，或用来泛指一天的某一段。

in 也能够指“在⋯⋯以后”，表示从起的若干
内。

如：
in July/summer/2000/ancient times
The bus will be here in ten minutes.
(2) on 表示“在特定的某一天”，也可用于有修的一天的某个段以前。

如：on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st
(3)at 表示“在某一点”，或用来表示不确立的和短期的假日、等。

如： at six o'clock,
at Easter
(4)over, through (out)二者均指“ 的所有”。

如：
Stay over the Christmas.
(5) for与since：for表示作或状延的所有度，“ 达⋯⋯”之意；since用于
指从去特定的某个刻到止的一段；含有since短的句子要用达成
，但含有for短的句子不必定要用达成。

如：
I have been there for six years.
We have not seen each other since 1993.
(6)during 指“在⋯⋯ 期 / 内”，必接表示一段的或作。

如：
She was ill for a week, and during that week she ate little.
2 ．表示地址的介
(1) above, below ， over, under，on, on top of, beneath, underneath: above和below分表示“高于”和“低于”的意思，不必定指垂直方向上的上下；over 和 under 分表示垂直方
向上的上下或高低；on/on top of和beneath/underneath表示“和表面相接触”意上的上下。

以上三介互反。

如：
The temple stands on top of the hill.
The pen is beneath the book.
There is a lamp on the desk.
(2) at, on, in ： at 指小地址或集合合；on 表示或面上的地点；in 表示在立体、地区或
境内，特是那些大，能容相事物的境。

如：
He works at PekingUniversity.
Your radio is on the desk.
He's sitting in the sun.
(3)between 与 among ：between 用来明“在⋯⋯二者之”或“三个以上人或事物中的每二者之的互相关系”；among 用来明“在⋯⋯三者以上之”的互相关系； among 能够用来表
示没有确立数量的物体之的互相关系。

如：
There is a small river between the two villages.
The book is the best among these modern novels.
The relations between various countries are very important.
3 ．表示原由的介。

(1)for 经常表示褒、的原由或心理原由。

如：
They will reward you for your help.
(2)from 和 out of 经常表示机或原由； through 表示悲观或接的原由。

如：
He feels weak from lack of sleep.
He broke down through overwork.
4 ．表示目的的介
for和to都能够引目的地。

for表示定的接收人或目的，for跟在含有出或开始意的后，如：leave, set out, start, depart, sail等；to表示的接收人或目的，
to 跟在含有方向性的后，如：go, come, run, walk, move, fly, drive, ride等。

如：We have left for Hong Kong.
He flew to America via Hong Kong.
5 ．表示“对于⋯⋯”的介
一般 about 用于比随意的或非正式的文体；on 用于正式的、著作或告中；of 用于talk, read, know, hear等的后边。

如：
What are you talking about?
in terms of natural resources
6 ．表示原料的介
of 和 out of 表示制成品的资料仍保持原资料的性质；from表示制成品已失掉了原材料的性质。

如：
His house was built of brick.
He made these toys out of old cigar-boxes.
Steel is made from iron.
7 ．表示价钱的介词
at 和 for都可表示价钱，at 仅表示价钱； for还表示“互换”。

如：
Eggs are sold at 95 cents a dozen here.
I bought it for five pounds.
三、常有的介词搭配
1．“介词＋名词”型
(1)in ＋名词
in advance 在前头，早先，早先 in
case 假如，万一
in charge 主管，掌管，看守
in common 共有，共同，公有
in demand 有需要的
in doubt 感觉迷惑的，难以确立的
in effect 实质上，奏效
in fact 事实上
in order 按次，有条不紊，状况优秀；适合
in progress 进行中
in return作为回报
in turn挨次，替代地；相应地，转而
in vain白费
(2)on＋名词
on guard 在值勤
on leave 在休假
on holiday 在度假
on strike 停工
on sale 销售
on loan 借贷
on＋the ＋名词
on the move 在挪动，搬家；走开
on the march 内行军
on the flow 在涨潮
on the increase 正在增添
on the go 正在活动，正在奔忙
on the air 正在广播
on the fly 正在飞翔
(3) beyond＋名词
beyond one's power是某人力所不及的beyond praise夸不胜夸
beyond one's reach够不着
beyond description难以形容
beyond words没法用语言形容
beyond doubt无疑
beyond one's understanding没法理解
(4) under＋名词
under development在发展中
under observation在察看中
under test在测试中
under construction在建设中
under examination在检查(检查)中
under consideration在考虑中
under repair在维修中
(5)at ＋名词
at length详尽地，长时间
at sea茫然
at will随意地
at work在上班
at lunch在吃午餐
at rest在歇息
at table在吃饭
at school上学
at church做星期
at peace于和平状
(6) out of＋名
out of breath上气不接下气
out of balance失掉均衡
out of date
out of patience不耐
out of control失掉控制
out of business破
out of style，不髦
out of the ordinary不常的
out of touch失掉系
2 ．复介型
(1)表示原由 ( 往常在句中作状 ), 意“因为，因”。

because of ：
表示原由 ( 表达一种的因果关系 ) ； on account of ：常用来引
述、理性和事要素。

(2)表示“除⋯⋯以外”。

with the exception of＝except, except for除⋯⋯以外“ ”；
apart from (＝美式英中的aside from)是个复合介，既可表示“除⋯⋯以外”，相当于 except (for),又能够表示“除⋯⋯以外，(，也)”，相当于besides ；
in addition to除⋯⋯以外“ (，也)”，相当于besides 。

(3)表示“相关，对于”。

concerning=regarding对于，就“⋯⋯而，在⋯⋯方面”；
with respect to 对于，就“⋯⋯而言”； as for 和
as to 用于句首表示“至于”。

(4)表示“在⋯⋯以前”。

ahead of=in advance of ，可表示“(在空或上比某人或某事物) 更前，更早”，可表示“ 先，于”；
in front of 多指空的前后关系，“在⋯⋯前面”。

(5) 表示“支持，成”。

in support of ，支持，增援；
in favor of 可指某人“支持，成”，也可指事物“有益于⋯⋯”。

(6) 表示“ 于，因为；依据，依据”。

in the light of 依据，考到
in terms of 就⋯⋯而言，到
according to 依据；依据
in view of 于，因
(7) 表示“只管”。

in spite of 只管，不论
3 ．“形容＋介”型
at 前的 adj. ： angry, good, bad, surprised, excited, puzzled 等。

of 前的 adj. ： afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy等。

with 前的 adj.: angry, strict, busy, careful, popular, patient等。

in 前的 adj. ： strict, weak, interested, successful, rich等。

to 前的 adj. ： polite, kind, cruel, rude, close, available等。

for前的adj.：sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious，(be) hungry/thirsty等。

from前的adj.：far, different, free, safe等。

about前的adj.：worried, anxious, careful，curious等。

4 ．“名＋介”型
the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way；⋯to
wish/desire/prize/respect；⋯for
pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence⋯ on
1．【】 Sometimes our opinions differ because what we choose to observe and how
we deal with what we've observed.
【正】Sometimes our opinions differ because of what we choose to observe and
how we deal with what we've observed.
【分析】because 是，后来接句子；而because of是短介，后来接名、代
、名或名性从句等。

2 ．【】—How long have you been an actor?
— In 1995, when I graduated from college.
【正】—How long have you been an actor?
— Since 1995, when I graduated from college.
【分析】合句的境，只有since 能回答句所提出的。

3 ．【】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch with writing
often.
【正】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch by writing
often.
【分析】 by 在里表示方式，by writing意“通写信”。

1． The fashion show was ____________ being a failure. It was a success.
A ． far from B． along with
C．next to D． in case
【分析】 A far from非⋯⋯。

along with与⋯⋯一道(又),同⋯⋯一同，伴同⋯⋯一同；next to次于，挨着；in case 假如，万一。

2 ． It saves time in the dining room to have things you use a lot _________ easy
reach.
A ． near B．upon C．within D ． around
【分析】C考固定用法：within easy reach在简单到⋯⋯的地方；在⋯⋯的邻近。

句意：在餐里把常用到的西放到简单到的地方会省好多。

3 ． [2009福·建卷]—How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!
—It's a challenge, I guess,man against nature.
A ． of B． for C． by D ．about
【分析】A考介辨析。

答句中的I guess是插入，所以所填介与challenge 用，组成 a challenge of构。

4 ． [2009全·国卷Ⅰ ] Everybody was touched ______words after they heard her moving story.
A ． beyond B． without C． of D ． in
【分析】A句意为：听到她动人的故过后，人人都感人得难于言表。

beyond 高出；超出。

5 ． [2009重·庆卷] Try on this red skirt; you will look great ____ it.
A ． on B．by C． in D ． for
【分析】C考察介词的用法。

sth. be on sb.衣服穿在某人身上；sb. be (look) in sth. 某人衣着什么衣服。

由此可知答案为C。

6 ． [2009陕·西卷] He invited me to a dance after the show _____Christmas Eve.
A ． at B．on C． in D ．by
【答案】 B
7 ．Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _________ working
here.
A ． with B． over C． at D． about
【分析】D句意为：对于在这里工作，我喜爱的两件事情是现代化设施和严禁抽烟。

about有“关，对于”，切合题意。

8 ． If you really have to leave during the meeting, you'd better leave_______ the back door.
A ． for B． by C． across D ．out
【分析】B句意：假如你确要在会期走开，那么你最好从后走开。

“从后”用 by the back door。

for表示原由；across意“穿，横穿”；out意“在外面”，三
者均不切合句意。

9 ． Alice entered silently and sank ____ a chair.
A ． on B． off C． into D． to
【分析】C句意：斯静静地来，坐在了椅子上。

sink into a chair然坐在椅子上。

10．—When did you last hear _____ Jay?
—He phoned me this morning，and we agreed _____ a time and place to meet.
A ． of ； to B． about ； with
C．from ； with D ．from ； on
【分析】 D hear about/of听到相关⋯⋯，听；hear from收到⋯⋯的来信，得悉某
人的信息； agree on sth.在⋯⋯方面获得一致谢；agree to do sth.赞同做某事；agree to sth. 赞同 (划、安排、方案等) ；agree with sb.赞同某人(的意)。

11． [2010 四·川卷 ] Tired，Jim was fast asleep with his back______ a big tree.
A ． in B．below C． beside D ． against
【分析】D考介辨析。

背靠着睡着了，against表示“倚，靠”。

12． [2010江·西卷] Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _____ name，not case
number.
A ． of B． as C． by D ．with
【分析】C考介用法。

by name 按名字叫。

句意：在一些医院提到病人
叫名字而不是病例号。

13．If you do not use your English _______ the classroom you will forget that English
you know.
A ． within B． beyond C． in D． over
【分析】 B within等于in都表示“在⋯⋯里面”；over指“在⋯⋯上边”；beyond表示地点，意“在⋯⋯以外”。

依据句意“走出教室你假如不用英的，⋯⋯”可知答案B。

14． [2010北·京卷] Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden？They are _____ everyone's enjoyment.
A ． in B． at C． for D ． to
【分析】C本考介。

依据句子意思“ 些花是每一个人欣的”，可知用for表示目的。

15._______ all kinds of difficulties, the workers have made rapid progress in the
construction of the World Expo 2010 in Shanghai.
A ． With B． For C． Under D． Beyond
【分析】A本考介。

句意：只管有好多困，工人在上海的世博会建筑
中获得了很大的展。

with 只管，然。

1. 【 2011 ·天津十二所要点学校联考】 _____economic, political and cultural differences,
it is difficult for China and Americato fully understand each other．
A ． In spite of B． Regardless of C． On account of D ．In terms of 【答案】 C
2 ．（北京海淀区2011 届高三二模） The woman pulled her hat low down ______ her eyes
in order not to be recognized by the angry crowds．
A ． under B． below C． on D ．over
【答案】 D
3. 【 2011 ·四川泸州市二诊】 After the robbery, the shop fixed an alarm systemfurther
losses.
A. for
B. against
C. from
D. to
【答案】 B
4. 【 2011 ·唐山市二模】 I'm going to London and my sister's going _____．
A ． in a hurry B． in fact C． as well D． asa result
【答案】 C
5.（ 2011 ·河北正定中学第一次月考）17． The professor devoted all his life____the
treatment of AIDS．
A to research B． in researching C． to researching D．at researching
【答案】 C
6.（ 2011 ·河北正定中学第一次月考）15． They experimented_____the new medicine
_____animals．
A ． on; to
B by ; on C． with ; on D with; to
【答案】 C
7.（ 2011 ·唐山市摸底）20 ．You had better not discuss the problem at the meeting．You may discuss it tea
A ． in B． at C． for D． over
【答案】 D
8.（2011 ·重庆师大附中第一次月考） 35.To save the drowning child, the boy plunged into
the icy water without hesitation, ____ his own safety.
A. despite of
B. regardless of
C. unaware of
D. because of
【答案】 B
9.（ 2011 ·浙江温州十校联考） 19 ． We may be going skiing at Christmas, but it’sstill all
up __________．We’llprobably make the decision the day after tomorrow.
A ． in the wild B． in the distance
C．in the air D． in the long run
【答案】 C 考察短语的含义。

此处up in the air意为：悬而未决。

10.（ 2011 ·浙江温州八校返校联考） 27 ． Some classmates are against my plan while the
majority are________it．
A ． in view of B．in favor of C． in honor of D ． in memory of
【答案】 B
11（.2011 ·浙江学军中学第一次月考） 30.Many of the scientists and engineers are judged
how great their achievements are.
A.in spite of
B.in charge of
C.in favor
D.in terms of
【答案】 D
12.（ 2011 ·广西玉林、南宁二中 9 月联考） 29 ． --- Shall we visit Jim tonight?
--- OK. To make sure that he’ s in, we’ d better call him up .
A ． in exchange B． in return C． in brief D． in advance
【答案】 D
13.（ 2011 ·广西玉林、南宁二中 9 月联考） 30 ． --- I ’ ll take it fi you reduce the price by
30%.
--- But it’ s my power to sell it cheaper.
A ． beyond B． without C． off D． against
【答案】 A
14.（ 2011 ·云南昆明一中第一次月考） 6 ． The fridge produced by Haier is high quality
and is not expensive either.
A ． in B． for C． to D． of
【答案】 D
15.（ 2011 ·云南昆明一中第一次月考）9 ． Once made out, the law must be carried out
______ any difficulty.
A ． regardless of B． instead of C． because of
D． in need of
【答案】 A
16.（ 2011 ·浙江杭州西湖中学检测） 33.The coach, because of the driver’ s carelessness, was __________ and crashed over the cliff on such a cold December morning.
A ． in support B． out of control
C． in charge D． at the mercy
【答案】 B
17.（ 2011 ·湖南长沙一中第一次月考）32 ． Sheisbeingpleasedaboutit;sheisveryangry．
A ． freefrom B．freeof C．outof D．farfrom
【答案】 D
18.（ 2011 ·四川成都市摸底）34 ．These toys are not suitable for children four years old,
who are too young.
A ． outside B． beyond C． under D． within
【答案】 C
19.（ 2011 ·湖南雅礼中学第一次月考）35 ． _________ the extremely hot weather, we
continued having classes．
A ． Thanks to B． In addition to C． In defence of D． Regardless of
【答案】 D 考察考察短语的用法。

句意：不论天气多热，我们仍持续上课。

20.（2011 ·湖南雅礼中学第一次月考） 21．What do you mean _________ saying that I’ m lucky?
A ．at B． on C． by D． of
【答案】 C
21． We are not prepared to compromise _____ the price of the computer.
A ． with B． between C．on D ． in
【答案】 C
22. （ 2011 ·四川成都外国语学校 9 月考） 25 ． Barack Obama has taken personal blame
________ the security failures which led ________ the attempt to blow up a
plane on Christmas Day.
A. of; to
B. for; to
C. on; on
D. in; on
【答案】 B
23. （ 2011 ·河南实验中学第一次月考）26. The boy talked his mother ________ buying
him a home computer.
A. of
B. over
C. to
D. into
【答案】 D
24. （2011 ·河南中学第一次月考）24 To enjoy the scenery, Sara would spend long hours on the train ______ travel by air.
A. as to
B. other than
C. instead of
D. rather than
【答案】 D
25. （ 2011 ·河南中学第一次月考）31. In China, all the students work hard at school
_________ going to university for higher education in the future.
A. in the habit of
B. in the hope of
C. in search of
D. in honor of
【答案】 B
26. （ 2011 ·广西桂林中学第一次月考） 32. His best-known work that is ___ all praise can be seen in the museum.
A. with
B. beyond
C. without
D. within
【答案】 B
27. （ 2011 · 州遵四中第一次月考）11. — Are you free after school?
— Sorry: I ’ve planned to treat a friend of mine to dinner for his help.
A. in terms
B. in honor
C. in turn
D. in return
【答案】 D
28.（ 2011 ·宁夏川一中第一次月考） 34 ．_____ money, the man was very rich, but he was not happy at all.
A ． In spite of B． In favor of C． In terms of D ． In need of
【答案】 C
29. （ 2011 ·桂林十八校第一次月考） 23. This stranger is familiar _________this area.
A. to
B. for
C. with
D. in
【答案】 C 考介的用法。

解关：掌握短be familiar with⋯“。

熟习。

”。