8种英语句子成分(英语量化记忆法)

英语量化记忆法之8种英语句子成分
8种英语句子成分
目录
8种英语句子成分 (2)
一、主语 (2)
二、谓语 (2)
三、宾语 (3)
四、定语 (3)
五、状语 (4)
六、补语 (5)
七、表语 (5)
八、同位语 (6)
8种英语句子成分
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。

一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。

句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，补语，表语，同位语等。

句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。

一、主语
主语：是句子叙述的主体，句子一般要有主语。

在简单句中，主语一般可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担，一般放于句首。

动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it作形式主语。

1、名词作主语
English is very important.
The students all love their English teacher.
2、代词作主语
They go to school by bus.
Most of the students come from the countryside.
3、动名词作主语
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
It’s no use regretting it.
4、动词不定式作主语
To see is to believe.
It is very hard to get to sleep.
二、谓语
谓语：说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。

谓语必须由动词充当，动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。

可作谓语的动词一般为行为动
词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

1、及物动词作谓语
We should help each other.
All of the students like the novel.
Did you see many people there?
2、不及物动词作谓语
He left here yesterday.
You’re driving too fast.
The teacher came in, book in hand.
3、连系动词谓语
He is an excellent teacher.
Her son is a friend of ours.
The box itself is not so heavy.
三、宾语
宾语：是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语。

宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。

I like Chinese food.（名词）
I enjoyed talking to you.（动名词）
He certainly did not want to join them.（不定式）
We hoped that all would come well.（宾语从句）
四、定语
定语：用于描述名词, 代词, 短语或从句的性质, 特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词、形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词、短语担任。

如果定语是单个词, 定语放在被修饰词的前面, 如果是词组, 定语放在被修饰词的后面。

定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和
后置定语。

一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或句子充当。

如：
Mr. Black has two sons.（数词）
The girl under the tree is Kate.（介词短语）
The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well.（副词）
I bought a new dictionary.（形容词）
Would you like something to drink?（不定式）
The old man needs a walking stick.（动名词）
China is a developing country.（现在分词）
The United States is a developed country.（过去分词）
Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?（定语从句）
五、状语
状语：说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、条件、让步、比较等情况的词叫状语。

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。

其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等。

1、时间状语
I often get up at 5:30 in the morning.
Hearing the news, they felt very excited.
2、地点状语
Pandas only live in China.
You should put the book on the table.
3、原因状语
I’m glad to meet you.
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
4、结果状语
The ice is thick enough to walk on.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
5、目的状语
We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday.
He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper.
6、方式状语
We usually go to school on foot.
Please do it by hand.
7、条件状语
Without you, I can finish the task so fast.
Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better.
8、让步状语
Though being told many times, she still couldn’t understand it.
Being a child, he can move the big box.
9、比较状语
I like her more than him.
Mike runs faster than before.
六、补语
补语：起补充说明作用的成份。

最常见的是宾语补足语。

名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。

宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，如：
Don’t be so formal. Call me kevin.（名词）
You must keep it clean.（形容词）
We call the activity hiking.（动名词）
My mother wants me to go home earlier.（不定式）
I have the car waiting.（现在分词）
We had the machine repaired.（过去分词）
七、表语
表语：是用来说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态。

表语与连系动词连用，构成
系表结构，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当，如：They are brother and sister.（名词）
What you said is true.（形容词）
My favourite sport is swimming.（动名词）
All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.（不定式）
The story is very interesting.（现在分词）
I’m very interested in the story.（过去名词）
八、同位语
同位语：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语（appositive），这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。

1、同位语的引导方式
1) 通常用逗号将同位语与其所修饰的先行词隔开，表示一种普通的同位关系，如：
She is a good teacher, the friend of mine.
2) 有时也可用破折号或冒号引导同位语，用破折号，对同位语起强调的作用；
用冒号，强调的作用更大，如：
Nouns can be divided into two kinds: the countable noun and the uncountable noun.
3) 无需借用任何引导词或标点符号，而将同位语直接置于先行词之后，如：
Tom gave his friend John a book.
2、同位语的构成
1）名词及其短语（有时有逗号隔开）
George Washington, the first American president, was very famous.
2) 动名词短语（有逗号隔开）
He enjoys the exercise, swimming in winter.
3) 不定式短语（有时有逗号隔开）
The question what to do next hasn't been considered.。