形容词、副词常用句型归纳-六级语法

学习形容词和副词应该了解其语法功能，包括其在句中的作⽤、位置、⽐较级和级等等。

此外，学会使⽤形容词和副词的⼀些常⽤句型也⼗分必要，它能帮助我们更好地理解句⼦及篇章；在写作中应⽤地道的句型更能为⽂章争光添⾊。

以下为常⽤句型归纳。

1．“the ＋形容词”的两种⽤法
“the＋形容词”既可以等同于复数普通名词，也可以等同于抽象名词，代表⼀类⼈或事。

例如：
The rich are apt to look down upon the poor.富⼈常常轻视穷⼈。

The poet had an yearning for the supernatural.诗⼈憧憬超⾃然的东西。

这种⽤法也可以适⽤于“the＋现在分词”及“the＋过去分词”。

例如： The unexpected always happens. 天有不测风云。

The wounded and the dying were rushed to hospital. 受伤的⼈和垂死的⼈被急送到医院去了。

2．“the＋⽐较级＋理由”
该句型具有“更加”的意思。

常以“all (或much) the＋⽐较级”的形式出现。

例如：
I am the more inclined to help him because he is poor. 因为他穷，我更想帮他。

It is all the more dangerous for not being generally recognized as such. ⼀般不认为危险的，反⽽更加危险。

3．“the＋⽐较级...，the＋⽐较级...”。

该句型的意思为“越……越……”。

例如：
The more he flatters me,the less I like him.他越是迎合我，我越不喜欢他。

The higher the mountain is, the more people like to climb it; the more dangerous the mountain is, the more they wish to conquer it.⼭越⾼，⼈越想爬；⼭越危险，⼈越想征服它。

这种句型常⽤省略说法，例如：
The sooner,the better.越快越好。

More haste,less speed. 欲速则不达。

4．“the last＋不定式/形容词从句”。

该句型的意思是“最不⼤可能的、最不适的”。

例如：Money is the last thing he wants,and you won?t succeed by offering it.他决不要钱，你想⽤钱去买动他是决不可能的。

The author should be the last person to talk about his work.作者最不宜讨论他的作品。

5．“so＋形容词/副词＋that”
在“so”后接形容词和副词表⽰因果关系，“that”之前表⽰原因，“that”之后表⽰结果。

例如：
Those ponds and streams are so small that they cannot be shown in your maps.那些池塘和⼩溪太⼩，所以你的地图上没有。

He had lived so long in Asia that he had forgotten his English way of life. 他在亚洲住得太久，所以英国的⽣活习惯都已经忘记了。

6．“so much so that”
该句型与句型5的意思⼀样，可理解为“如此……以⾄于”例如：
The patient was very tired when he returned from the ride, so much so that he could not sit up.病⼈坐车回家时⾮常疲倦，疲倦得甚⾄不能坐起来。

He is poor, so much so that he can hardly get enough to live.他很穷，穷得⼏乎难以⽣活下去。

7．“more＋原级＋than”
这种句型⼀般⽤来将不同性质加以⽐较，可以理解为“与其说……不如说”。

例如：
He is more witty than wise.与其说他聪明，不如说他机智。

He is more dead than alive. 与其说他活着，不如说他死了。

8．“much more”和“much less”
以上两种表达法都有“更加”的意思。

“much more”⽤于肯定句，表⽰程度加强；“much less”⽤于否定句，表⽰程度减少。

例如：
I like music,much more dancing.我喜欢⾳乐，更喜欢跳舞。

I don't like music,much less dancing.我不喜欢⾳乐，更不喜欢跳舞。

9．“would sooner(rather)...than”和“ would as soon...as”
以上两个句型均可理解为“宁愿……也不”。

例如：
He would rather(sooner) resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.他宁可辞职也不⼲这种不正当的勾当。

I would as soon die as disgrace myself.我宁死不受辱。

10．“no sooner...than”、“hardly...when”和“scarcely... before”
以上三个句型的意思是“⼀……就”。

应当注意的是，在以上句型中，句⼦的前半部分⼀般⽤过去完成时，⽽后半部则⽤⼀般过去时。

该句型通常采⽤倒装语序。

例如：
No sooner had I opened the cage than the little bird flew out.=Scarcely(Hardly) had I opened the cage before (when ) the little bird flew out.我⼀开笼⼩鸟就飞出去了。

11．“anything but”、“nothing but”和 “all but”
英语中，“anything but”=never,“nothing but”=only,“all but”=almost,nearly。

例如：
He is anything but a scientist.他决不是科学家。

I am nothing but a student.我不过是个学⽣。

He is all but a fool.他⼏乎是个傻⽠。

12．“prior to”、“superior to”、“inferior to”、“senior to” 和“junior to”
以上⼏个形容词表⽰⽐较时后⾯⽤“to”不⽤“than”。

“prior to”意思是早于，⽐……重要；“superior to”意思是优于，⾼
于；“inferior to”意思是次于；“senior to ”意思是年长于，地位⾼于；“junior to”意思是年幼于，地位低于，迟于。

例如：
The task is prior to all others.这项任务⽐其他所有的任务都重要。

I called on him prior to my departure.动⾝前我去看了他⼀趟。

In maths he felt superior to John. 他觉得⾃⼰数学⽐约翰强。

They were resolved to rise superior to every obstacle.他决⼼战胜⼀切困难。

These apples are inferior in flavor to those. 这些苹果的味道不如那些。

He is two years senior to me. 他⽐我⼤两岁。

Her appointment is junior to mine by six weeks.她的任命⽐我迟六个星期。

Exercises:Translate the following into Chinese.
1.The accused held back the names of his partners.
2.We are apt to accept the obvious too easily.
3.The more things a man is interested in, the more opportunities of happiness he has.
4.If he doesn't understand English,it is all the better for you.
5.Romantic is the last thing I am.
6.He spoke English so fluently that every one was astonished.
7.He is ignorant so much that he cannot read his own name.
8.He is more bold than strong.
9.Every one has a right to enjoy his liberty,much more his life.
10.I do not even suggest that he is negligent,much less that he is dishonest.
Key to the exercises:
1.被告不肯说出同谋者的名字。

2.我们容易接受明显的东西。

3.⼈对越多的事物发⽣兴趣，便获得越多幸福的机会。

4.如果他不懂英语，那对你更好。

5.我决不是浪漫的⼈。

6.他英语说得那样流利，⼤家都惊呆了。

7.他⾮常⽆知，甚⾄连⾃⼰的名字都不认识。

8.与其说他刚强，不如说他⼤胆。

9.⼈⼈都有享受⾃由的权利，⽣命更加如此。

10.我甚⾄没暗⽰说他玩忽职守，更没说他欺诈。