2018版高考一轮总复习英语教师用书:第2部分 语法填空
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第五讲非谓语动词
PartⅠ真题变式体验
1.[2016·浙江高考]I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do ________ (work) with students.
答案:working句中do代替have fun, have fun doing sth.“做某事很开心”。
2.[2016·浙江高考]To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
答案:conducted study与conduct之间为被动关系,且设空处表示完成,故用过去分词作后置定语。
3.[2016·江苏高考]In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ (hide) within the work.
答案:hidden设空处在句中作定语,message与hide之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,且设空处表示动作已完成,故用过去分词形式。
4.[2016·北京高考]________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
答案:To make根据句意可知,这里应用动词不定式作目的状语,故答案为To make。
5.[2016·北京高考]________ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
答案:Ordered order与逻辑主语the books之间为被动关系,且动作已经完成,故答案为Ordered。
6.[2016·天津高考]The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ________ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.
答案:making根据句意可知,此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。
不定式虽然也可作结果状语,但往往表示出乎意料的结果,故不用to make。
7.[2015·天津高考]________ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
答案:Having worked根据句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语。
句子主语Steve为work的逻辑主语,两者间为主动关系,且work表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,故用现在分词的完成式,即Having worked。
8.[2015·安徽高考]________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
答案:Ignoring该句中的谓语是will be,而其前的部分应为句子的主语,因此此题考查动名词作主语。
ignore与谓语动词之间没有明显的前后顺序,故填Ignoring。
9.[2015·陕西高考]Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother________ (take) good care of at home.
答案:taken考查“感官动词+宾语+宾补”结构,其中take 与his mother之间为被动关系,故应填taken。
10.[2014·湖南高考]Children, when ________ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
答案:accompanied考查非谓语动词作状语。
主语children与accompany之间为逻辑上的被动关系。
when accompanied by their parents相当于when children are accompanied by their parents,故答案为accompanied。
句意:当孩子们被其父母陪伴时,他们才被允许进入这个运动场。
PartⅡ语篇真题演练
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
[2015·全国卷Ⅰ]
Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I __61__ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours __62__,I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with __63__ (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River __64__are pictured by artists in so many Chinese __65__(painting). Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away __66__ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo__67__(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers __68__ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it __69__ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people __70__ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
61._______62._______63._______64._______
65._______66._______67._______68._______
69._______70._______
Step 1:通读全文,掌握主旨大意。
本文讲述的是作者游览桂林的著名旅游景点阳朔的所见、所闻、所感。
Step 2:逐题解答,确定答案。
61.arrived。
根据空格所在位置,此处填谓语,需考虑时态、语态及主谓一致。
62.before/earlier。
根据空格所在位置可知,此处考查副词,结合句子时态,确定答案。
63.its。
空格处于介词with后,名词前可知,此处填形容词性物主代词。
64.that/which。
空格前空格后均是句子,可知此处填连词。
根据从句的位置判断此处为定语从句,定语从句中缺主语,且先行词为物,故可知答案。
65.paintings。
空格前many为关键信息。
66.by。
名词前句子与此空从结构上无关,故可知此处填介词,结合语义可知答案。
67.is。
根据空格位置可知,此处填谓语,结合本段的时态以及
语态和主谓一致确定答案。
68.conducted。
该句中已经有谓语names可知,此处应填非谓语动词。
空格在名词后可知,此处考查非谓语作定语。
判断该动词与被修饰词之间的关系,从而确定答案。
69.regularly。
根据空格位置及语义可知,此处应填副词。
70.living。
分析句子结构可知,空格处为非谓语动词。
people 与live之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式,作后置定语。
Step 3:代入验证。
需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑,这样才能确保万无一失。
非谓语动词不同形式的构成及含义如图表
注意:(1)having been done与done作状语时没有明显区别,可以互换,但having been done不能作定语和宾补,强调时间先后,而done 有时只强调被动关系。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词,只表示完成,不表示被动,如:fallen
leaves落叶。
(3)有时过去分词只表示被动而不强调时间性。
①The boy was running along the street, followed by a dog.
这个男孩正在街道上跑,后面跟着一只狗。
②Having eaten at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.
蒂娜以前在这个自助餐厅吃过以后,再也不想去那儿吃了。
考点非谓语动词作定语
1不定式作定语
不定式作定语,通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
(1)常被不定式修饰的名词有:chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity等,常表同位关系。
①He had no chance to go to school before liberation.(同位关系)
解放前他没有上学的机会。
②Do you have the ability to read and write in English?(同位关系)
你有英语读写的能力吗?
(2)名词或代词由序数词修饰,再被非谓语动词修饰时,一般用不定式作定语,表主谓关系。
She likes to listen to Mr Li's lessons, so she is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她喜欢听李先生的课,所以她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。
(3)在表示有要做的事情时,通常用不定式作定语,不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。
①—Do you have anything to be typed, sir?
—No, thanks.
——先生,你有东西要打印吗?
——没有,谢谢。
②There is a lot of work to do .
有许多活要干。
注意:(1)在该用法中,使用不定式的主动形式强调动作由句子主语发出;使用被动形式则强调动作由别人来做,如:(3)①中打印的动作不是句子主语you 发出,故用被动形式。
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
I have some homework to do .(由I 来做)I have some homework to be done .(由他人来做) (2)若不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则要在该动词后加适当的介词。
I have no pen to write with .
我没有写字用的笔。
2动词-ing 形式作定语
(1)动词-ing 形式的主动式(doing)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens.
近来一个把两个不同商场同类商品价格做比较的调查引发了市民的激烈讨论。
(2)动词-ing 形式的一般被动式(being done)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,表示该动作的被动和进行。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的那些房子是给老师们的。
(3)动词-ing 形式作定语相当于一个定语从句,强调经常性状态或动作的进行。
单个词要前置,短语要后置。
John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter offering him it.(=定语从句“John...the official letter which/that offers him it.”)
约翰的确得到了这份工作,因为他给我看了提供他工作的正式信函。
3动词-ed 形式作定语
动词-ed形式(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。
①Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。
②The question discussed(=which was discussed) yesterday is important.
昨天讨论的问题是重要的。
注意:作定语的不及物动词的分词形式:doing和done。
doing 表示正在进行;done表示已经完成。
boiling water 正在沸腾的水
boiled water 开水
developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
[典题1][2017·江苏扬州月考]In 1973, a book ________ (claim) that plants can feel emotions, prefer classical music, and can respond to the unspoken thought of humans landed on the Ne w York Times best-seller list.
[答案]claiming landed on是谓语动词,所以claim为非谓语形式才可以。
claim的逻辑主语为a book,两者之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作定语修饰a book。
[典题2][2017·北京海淀区期末]When someone turns away his body, it means impatience and a desire ________ (escape) a conversation.
[答案]to escape此处考查不定式作定语,其与逻辑主语,即所修饰的词之间为同位关系,故填to escape。
[典题3][2016·北京朝阳区统考]I'd like to recommend some new computer programs ________ (design) for home building.
[答案]designed此题考查非谓语动词作定语,其与逻辑主语programs之间为被动关系,故填过去分词designed。
考点 非谓语动词作宾补
1常见的非谓语动词作宾补的结构“动词+宾语+宾补”,而在考查过程中,经常见到的一种结构是其被动结构be done to do
My mother allowed me to watch TV after finishing my homework in the evening.(主动语态)
=I was allowed to watch TV after finishing my homework in the evening. (被动语态)
我的妈妈允许我在晚上完成作业后看电视。
因此,在熟练掌握主动语态结构的情况下,更要注意被动语态中补语的结构。
常见的动词有:ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach 等。
2感官动词+宾语+宾补
感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的宾语补足语主要有三种形式,试比较(以see 为例):
see +宾语+⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧ ⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫doing sth.看见……正在做...……do sth. 看见……做了..……(宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的
主动关系)done 看见……被做..(宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的被动关系)
①I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
(主动,完成)
②I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时,我听见她正在唱英文歌。
(主动,正在进行) ③To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear
English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语,我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。
(被动,无时间性)
3使让动词+宾语+宾补
(1)make +宾语+⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧ do sth. 让……做某事
(宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的主动关系)done 让……被做(宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的被动关系) (2)have +宾语+⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧ ⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫do sth. 使……做某事doing sth. 使……持续做某事(宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的主动关系)done 使……被做/遭受(宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的被动关系)
注意:①在以上省去to 的不定式作宾补的结构中,若变为被动语态,需将省去的不定式符号to 补出来。
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.(主动)
他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
⇒His workers were made to work 12 hours a day.(被动)
②have 还可以用于have sth. to do/to be done 结构中,其中have 作“有”讲,不定式作定语。
I have something urgent to inform you.
我有很紧急的事要通知你们。
(3)get +宾语+⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧ ⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫to do sth. 使……做某事doing sth. 使……开始做某事(宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的主动关系)done 使……被做(宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的被动关系)
①He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
②Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles. 亚历山大试图使他的工作被医学界认可。
③The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
④I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
(4)keep/leave ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ sb./sth. doing 使某人/物一直做某事sb./sth. done 使某人/物被……(表示被动且完成,或表示状态)
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
对不起让你久等了。
4⎩⎪⎨⎪
⎧ 动词+宾语+to do/to have done/to be doing 主语+be +动词的过去分词+to do/to have done/ to be doing
主语+be +said/reported 等+to do/to have done/ to be doing
(注:第二个句型是第一个句型的被动结构。
这两个句型中的动词常表示“知道”或“认为”。
常见的动词有believe, consider, know, think, suppose, understand, imagine 等。
)其中,to do 表动作发生在谓语之后;to have done 表动作发生在谓语之前;to be doing 表动作与谓
语同时发生。
Leonardo da Vinci was said to have bought birds kept in the cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
据说莱昂纳多·达·芬奇为了体验放飞鸟的快乐,买了被困在笼子里的鸟。
5with复合结构(with+宾语+宾语补足语)作状语,是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语,关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系
①With time passing by(time和pass之间为主动关系), he almost forgot everything in the past.
随着时间的流逝,他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。
②He sat on the chair, with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系)behind his back.
他坐在椅子上,双手在背后捆着。
注意:“with+宾语+to do”结构中,当with译为“有”的意思,不定式表将要发生的动作,且与宾语是被动关系,此时用不定式的主动形式表被动。
With a lot of problems to solve,the newly-elected president will have a hard time.
由于有许多问题要解决,这个新选出的总统将有一段艰难的时期。
[典题4][2017·北京海淀区期末]It's bad for your eyes if you keep them ________ (fix) on the screen for a long time.
[答案]fixed根据句子结构可知,该题考查“keep+宾语+宾补”结构,fix与them(eyes)之间为被动关系,故填fixed。
[典题5][2017·重庆一中诊断]—Jeremy Lin works extremely hard.
—So he does. He is often seen ________ (sweat) heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.
[答案]sweating分析句子结构可以看出,该题考查的是“see
+宾语+宾补”这一结构变为被动语态的形式。
看到Jeremy Lin正在流汗,故用sweating作宾补,在该句中转化为主补。
[典题6][2017·北京海淀区期末]The spread of the Ebola Virus in Nigeria is believed ________ (control) by August, 2014.
[答案]to have been controlled根据句子结构可以看出,该题考查“主+be+过去分词+to do”结构。
因control已经发生,且与Ebola Virus之间为被动关系,故用不定式的完成式的被动式。
[典题7][2016·湖南郴州质检二]With a lot of homework ________ (do), I decided not to play with you.
[答案]to do根据句型结构可知,该题考查with复合结构,且with含有“有”的意思。
根据下文可知,do这一动作由I发出,故用to do作宾补。
考点非谓语动词作状语
1不定式作状语
不定式作状语通常表示:(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后);(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换,但so as to 一般不可置于句首);(3)结果(常表意想不到的结果
.......,常为only to do)。
①We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)
听到这个消息,我们很兴奋。
②To get there on time I got up very early.(目的)
为准时到那儿,我很早就起床了。
③He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(结果)
他冲到学校结果却发现一个人也没有。
注意:不定式作目的状语在句子后面时,不用逗号隔开,位于句
子前时可以隔开。
英语中只用不定式作目的状语
..........,因此,考查非谓语动词作状语时,首先考虑是否是不定式作目的状语,然后再判断其他情况。
2现在分词作状语
现在分词的一般式即doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生,与句子的主语是主动关系。
现在分词的完成式即having done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
①Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
看到没人在家,她决定给他们留个便条。
(主动意义,非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生)
②Having waited for an hour, he realized he had left his wallet at home.
等了一个小时后,他意识到他把钱包落在了家中。
(主动意义,非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)
③Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。
(被动意义,非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)
3过去分词作状语
(1)过去分词短语作状语时可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随和结果等,也可以改为相应的从句或并列句。
Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.
→If I am given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.
如果身体健康,我希望今年完成这项工作。
注意:在when,while,if,as if,though,as,until,once,whether,unless,where等连词连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词,形成分词短语。
When treated with kindness,he was very lovely.
当友好地对待他时,他很可爱。
(2)部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动关系,其前不用being。
这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着), stationed(驻扎), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), born in(出身于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦了), faced with(面对)以及表示心理状态的动词。
如:interested, surprised, satisfied, moved等。
①Absorbed in his book,he didn't notice me enter the room.
专心于读书,他没注意到我进入房间。
②Faced with a gradual rise of seawater,some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.
面对海水不断上涨(的情况),有些位于太平洋的国家正考虑未来迁移。
注意:①以上这些类的过去分词,从汉语理解方面,逻辑主语与该动词之间为主动关系,但应使用过去分词。
此类词后往往紧跟一个介词,故在不能理解其用法时,若空格后紧跟一个介词,且填非谓语动词,则可填过去分词。
②选择分词作状语时,主要分辨该动词与句子主语之间的关系:如果逻辑上是主动关系则用现在分词;如果逻辑上是被动关系则用过去分词;兼顾注意动作的先后关系。
区别下面的句子:
Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks even more beautiful., 从山顶上看,这个公园显得更加美丽。
(see与主语the park之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系)
Seeing from the top of the hill,we find the park even more beautiful.
从山顶上看,我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。
(see与主语we 之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系
4独立主格结构作状语
如果分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,须在分词前面加上它自己的主语,这种结构叫独立主格结构,其作用相当于状语从句;有时也用with复合结构(with+宾语+宾语补足语)作状语。
(1)名词/主格代词+现在分词
名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
The girl staring at him(=As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.
女孩两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。
(2)名词/主格代词+过去分词
名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
The problems solved(=As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.
随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。
(3)名词/主格代词+不定式
名词/主格代词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作。
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.
借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。
[典题8][2017·江苏盐城期末]China held a ground parade in Beijing to make the defeat of Japan in World War Two, ________ (display) its military power on an unprecedented scale (史无前例).[答案]displaying根据句式结构可知,此题考查非谓语动词作状语,其与逻辑主语之间为主动关系,故填现在分词displaying。
[典题9][2016·江苏五校联考二]The conflict between economic development and environmental protection, if not appropriately ________ (manage), can cause disastrous consequences in daily life settings.
[答案]managed考查“连词+(主+be)+非谓语动词”结构。
其中manage与句子主语conflict之间为被动关系,故应填过去分词。
[典题10][2016·浙江五校联盟一诊]________ (face) with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
[答案]Faced分析句式结构可知,此题考查非谓语动词作状语。
逻辑主语we与face之间为被动关系,故填过去分词。
该题用汉语理解会给考生错觉,“面临”翻译出来与we之间为主动,但英语中face的用法为be faced with结构或face后直接跟宾语。
窍门:空格后有介词with时,可在不懂语法的情况下,填写过去分词faced。
[典题11][2016·浙江温州十校联考]She would move quietly up to the sparrow on a small tree just to get a better look, her face ________ (shine) with childlike expressions.
[答案]shining从句子结构可以看出,两部分之间没有连词,
所以应为非谓语动词形式,作句子的状语。
而shine 的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致,故此处考查独立主格结构,her face 与shine 之间为主动关系,所以填shining 。
考点 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
1动词不定式和动词-ing 形式作主语
不定式表示某一具体的,尤其是未发生的动作;动词-ing 形式表示抽象的、泛指的动作,尤其是一般行为倾向。
两者可位于句首,也可用it 作形式主语,而把不定式或动词-ing 形式置于后面。
动名词用it 作形式主语代替时,常用于it is no use/good doing sth.结构中。
①It's not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.
学好英语不容易,广泛阅读是有必要的。
②It is no good learning without practice.
只学习不实践没有好处。
③It's important for the figures to be updated regularly.
对数字进行定期更新很重要。
2动词不定式和动词-ing 形式可用作宾语
(1)afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish 等动词后要接不定式作宾语。
The Smiths decided to devote all they had to setting up some hospitals for poor people.
史密斯夫妇决定倾其所有为穷人建一些医院。
(2)come, get, grow 后接不定式作宾语时,意为“逐渐地……”。
She has a hot temper, but you will grow to like her.
她脾气很急,但你会渐渐喜欢她的。
(3)admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest 等动词后要接动词-ing 形式作宾语。
Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during
the vacation.
比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为世博会做些什么的会议。
(4)can't stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote...to, object to, be busy (in), get down to, have difficulty /trouble(in), have a good/wonderful/hard time(in), have fun 等短语后要接动词-ing 形式作宾语。
I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
在那个餐馆,我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。
(5)动词like, love, prefer, hate, continue 等后接不定式或动词-ing 形式作宾语均可。
但表示经常性的动作要用动词-ing 形式,表示具体的行为要用不定式。
I like swimming, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.
我喜欢游泳,但今天下午不想去。
(6)动词need, require, want 作“需要”讲时,其后要用动词-ing 形式的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语。
与此有相同用法的动词还有deserve “值得”。
The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned .
窗户需要擦了。
(7)形容词worth 后要接动词-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义,它不同于worthy 的用法。
The Summer Palace is ⎩⎨⎧ worth visiting .
worthy of being visited .
worthy to be visited .
颐和园值得一去。
(8)介词后一般要接动词-ing 形式作宾语。
但介词but/except 后接不定式作宾语时,如果前面有实义动词do ,不定式就要省略to 。
①Upon arriving at the airport, he delivered an important speech. 刚到机场,他就发表了重要演讲。
②He has nothing to do but lie down and sleep.
无事可做,他只能躺下睡觉。
(9)动词如:find, feel, think, expect, consider, make等常用于“...it +adj./n.+to do”结构中,it为形式宾语,to do为真正的宾语,形容词或名词作宾语补足语。
He found it difficult to work out the problem.
他发现解决这一问题很难。
(10)既可用动词-ing,又可用不定式作宾语,但意义区别明显的动词:
①I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺,并记得在那里所看到的一切。
②—I regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.
—Not successful? I performed pretty well in my interview!
——我很遗憾地通知你,你的申请没有成功。
——没成功?在面试中我表现得很出色呀!
3动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词可用作表语
(1)当动词-ing形式或过去分词作表语时,它们大多数是已经形容词化的动词-ing形式或过去分词,而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词。
①The story sounds interesting.
这个故事听起来有趣。
②She is interested in the story.
她对那个故事感兴趣。
(2)表示一般的概念时,不定式、动词-ing形式可以互换,而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时,一般用不定式。
①What she likes is watching(to watch)children play.
她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
②My wish is to become a good teacher.
我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
[典题12][2017·北京东城区期末]She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant, waiting ________ (serve).
[答案]to be served考查非谓语动词作宾语。
wait后加不定式作宾语,且she与serve之间为被动关系,故填to be served。
[典题13][2017·北京宣武区期末]________(understand) your own need, I think, is as important as learning to express your emotions.
[答案]Understanding根据句式结构分析可以看出,该题考查动名词短语作主语,故应填Understanding。
[典题14][2016·浙江十校联考]The water was now two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, ________ (get) the car out.
[答案]to get根据句式结构可知,此题考查it作形式宾语,不定式作真正宾语,故答案为to get。
[典题15][2016·江苏如东高级中学联考]If someone spends his or her time, effort, and money writing a book, for example, he or she deserves ________ (pay) it.
[答案]paying/to be paid考查非谓语动词作宾语。
主语与pay 之间为被动关系时,可以使用deserve的动名词(主动形式)或不定式(被动形式)作宾语,故答案为paying/to be paid。
NO.1解题步骤
1.分析句子结构,明确空格处应是谓语还是非谓语。
2.按照非谓语动词在句子中所充当的成分和特点,并结合语境来确定正确形式。
NO.2解题技巧
1.提示词为动词,句子中已经有谓语并且没有连词时应填非谓语。