重庆2023年中考英语二轮复习语法之名词综合讲与练

专题一名词
中考考点解析
1.掌握可数名词和不可数名词;
2.掌握可数名词复数的规则变化和不规则变化;
3.掌握不可数名词量的表达方式;
4.掌握名词所有格的用法;
5.掌握名词用作定语的用法;
6.掌握名词词义辨析。

名词考点一：名词词义的辨析
一、同类名词辨析
辨析voice/noise/sound
1.The naughty boy is always making a lot of ________ in class.
A. voice
B. noise
C. sound
D. shout
2.At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the ______ of the running water.
A. shout
B. noise
C. voice
D. sound
辨析information/advice/message/news
3.Wait a moment, my friend! Here is an important ______ for you.
A. information
B. message
C. advice
D. news
4.Here are the ______ of the survey.
A. results
B. information
C. message
D. relationships
辨析home/house/family/room
5.We have only one Earth. It's our common __________.
A. family B．house C．home D．room
6.The is big enough for the White to live in.
A.family, house
B. house, home
C. house, family
D. family, home
二、不同类名词辨析
7.---Which ________ do you like best? ---I like geography best.
A. sports
B. subject
C. game
D. book
8.---What was the ________ yesterday? ---It was October 1.
A. time
B. day
C. date
D. month
9.He accepted the _______ with pleasure. He thought it was an honor to attend such a great
party.
A. instruction
B. invitation
C. introduction
D. invention
10.---The New Silk Road has offered a good _______ for more nations to communicate.
---I really agree.
A. chance
B. change
C. difference
D. job
11.Jane is very thirty, so she needs some .
A. water
B. bread
C. cakes
D. rice
名词考点二：名词的数和量
（一）可数名词变化规则
(1)规则名词的复数形式
情况构成方法举例
一般情况+ friend--_________ star--________
mistake--_______
以字母s,x,sh,ch等结尾+ bus--________ box--________ brush--_______
watch--__________
特例：stomach--__________
以字母o结尾tomato--_________ hero--________
potato--_______
其余+s photo--________zoo--_______ bamboo______
以字母f/fe结尾的，变f/fe为v+es leaf--________ wife--_________ knife--_________ shelf--________ wolf--_________ life--____________特例：roof--________ belief--_________
以辅音字母+y结尾
的，变y为i+es
baby--____________ dictionary--__________ (2)不规则名词复数
构成方法举例
改a为e man--__________ woman--__________
改oo为ee foot--_________ tooth--_________ goose--
单复数同形sheep--__________ deer--__________ fish--__________
其他形式mouse--__________ child--__________
【拓展】注意：
1.只有复数形式的名词: trousers, clothes, goods, glasses, sicissors等词单独作主语，谓语动词或代词要用；另外量化后，如a pair of + n.，谓语动词用。

2.一些集体名词总是用作复数: people, police
3.部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）: class, family, team, crowd, couple, group,public
4.复数形式表示特别含义: customs(海关), times(时代), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表)
5.表示“某国人” 变复数:
Chinese Japanese
Englishman Frenchman
American German Australian
European
6. 有些名词以-s结尾，但是是单数名词。

maths, physics, news.
7. the+ 姓氏的复数，表示其一家人。

做主语，谓语动词用。

【即学即练】
1.写出下列单词的复数形式
lake ______ arm ______ house_______ brush _______
fox ________ dress________ watch photo ________ piano _______ radio ________ hero________ potato __________ tomato __________ sheep________ country________ story _________ toy________ leaf________ wife ________ fish _______ scarf ________ mouse_______ mouth __________ tooth _______ foot _______ work _______
2.I met two _______ and three ________ on my way to school. They were taking photos when
I saw them.
A. Frenchmen; Germanys
B. Frenchmen; Germans
C. Frenchmen; Germen
D. Frenchmans; Germans
3.How many ______ do you know there are in the international village?
A. Chinese
B. Russian
C. American
D. German
4.---Can I help you? ---I’d like for my twin daughters.
A. two pair of shoes
B. two pairs of shoe
C. two pair of shoe
D. two pairs of shoes
5.My big and my happy.
A. family is, family are
B. family is, families are
C. families are, families, are
D. family is, family is
（二）不可数名词
（1）不可数名词表示不可以计数的事物的名词。

（2）不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能用基数词和不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰。

（3）不可数名词主要包括物质名词和抽象名词，一般用单数形式。

初中阶段常见的不可数名词
类别举例
饮食food bread rice salt meat beef water soup milk tea coffee drink
自然weather rain wind snow air grass light fire ice
抽象Time happiness wish health interest advice friendship fun help information housework knowledge luck love pleasure
trouble
（4）不可数名词的量化
情况方法举例
具体的量不定冠词/数词+表计量的名词+of+不可数名词 a piece of paper
three kilos of rice
大概的量表示量的限定词+不可数名词some water
a lot of money
不可数名词没有复数，计量时另用名词词组表示。

a piece of news a drop of water
a cup of tea a glass of milk
拓展：修饰词之间辨析
（1）只能修饰可数名词的词和短语：many、several、hundreds of、thousands of、millions of、a number of、a group of、a pair of、quite a few、（a）few、only a few等.
（2）只能修饰不可数名词的词和短语：much、a bit of、a drop of、a piece of、（a) little、a great deal of等.
（3）既能修饰可数又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语：some、any、plenty of、a lot of、the rest of、most、enough等.
区分：many + much +
too many + too much + much too +
a number of & the number of
a few & few & a little & little
a bit & a bit of & a little & a little bit
（三）可数名词和不可数名词的区分
单复数形式表示不同的意义
不可数名词可数名词
room a room
glass a glass
paper a paper
chicken a chicken
fish a fish
work a work
exercise a exercise
experience an experience
【即学即练】
1. There is no ________ in the lift, please wait a moment. (room)
There are several empty __________ in this building. (room)
2. Come on, children. Help yourself to some ____________(fish) .
3. Look at your ________. You have some grey ________ now.
A. hair; hairs
B. hairs ; hairs
C. hair; hair
D. hairs; hair
4. know it’s good to have _________ in the morning, but I never do morning ________.
A. exercise; exercise
B. exercises; exercise
C. exercises; exercises
D. exercise; exercises
有些物质名词在表达可数概念时，可转化为可数名词。

fruit →fruits tea →teas food →foods
抽象名词不可数，但具体化可用作可数。

a success & success
a difficulty & difficulty
物质名词不可数，但加修饰语后可加不定冠词。

吃早餐吃一顿丰盛的早餐
大雪一场大雪
【即学即练】
1. ---What would you like to drink, girls? ---_______, please.
A. Two glass of water
B. Two glass of waters
C. Tow cups of tea
D. Two cups of teas
2. Because of the heavy storm, very ______ flights could arrive on time.
A. little
B. few
C. a little
D. a few
3. Mr. Smith gave us ________ on how to learn English well.
A. an advice
B. some advice
C. some advices
D. many advices
4. What ________ today!
A. a fine weather it is
B. fine weathers they are
C. fine weather it is
D. fine weather they are
5. ---________ it is to play basketball after a whole day of work!
--- Yeah, I quite agree with you.
A. What a fun
B. How a fun
C. What fun
D. How fun
6. We can get some _______ about how to use the English learning APP through this official account.
A. information
B. idea
C. tip
D. suggestion
7. In order to lose weight, she only eats some ______ for dinner every day.
A. hamburgers
B. fruit
C. vegetable
D. milkshake
名词考点三：含名词的固定搭配
向某人寻求帮助在晚上
give/teach sb. a lesson give sb. a hand
give some advice on…… have a hard time
休息试一试
have a talk 散步
迷路做决定
make a difference make a living
犯错误制造噪音
做承诺取得进步
make a wish 制造麻烦
在…..中扮演角色在……岁时
in a different way 在某人看来
令某人惊讶的是….的数量
…的方法；通向……的路不同种类的...
名词考点四：名词的所有格
-’s所有格
类别构成方法举例
有生命的单数名词加我爸爸的笔
Lucy的朋友
有生命的复数名词以s结尾加老师的办公室
不以s结尾加女人们的工作
表示时间、距离、国家等的名词单数’s中国的发展
复数加’s走路五分钟的路程
表示几个人共同拥有在最后一个名词后加’s Tom and Jim’s parents
(Tom 和Jim 兄弟)
表示每个人各自拥有每个名词后加’s Mike‘s and John’s parents
(Mike 和John 兄弟)
【拓展】
表示“商铺”、“某某家”、“诊所”、“办公室”的名词所有格时，一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词。

如：
at the doctor’s go to my uncle’s
of所有格
（1）表示无生命事物的名词一般用of所有格。

表示所属关系。

如：a leg of a table
（2）Of所有格有时也可以用于人或有生命的东西，表示所属关系，特别是当所有者有较长的定语时，如：the name of the brave young man
【拓展】有的名词所有格可以有两种方式表示。

（3）表示某物的一部分或抽象概念。

如：房屋顶部
双重所有格
双重所有格有两种形式
（1）of + 名词’s 我弟弟的一张照片
（2）of + 名词性物主代词她的一个新朋友
【拓展】双重所有格和一般所有格意义不同。

如：
(照片属于玛丽，但照片上的人不一定是玛丽)
(照片上的人是玛丽本人)
【即学即练】
st Sunday his family went to _____.
A. the child’s Park
B. the Children’s park
C. the Children’s Park
D. the Childrens’ park
2.---Excuse me, can you tell me where the ________ is? ---This way, please.
A. men’s room
B. mens’ room
C. men’s rooms
D. mens’ rooms
3.This is your ______ room. Look, they are in it.
A. brothers
B. parent’s
C. grandparent’s
D. grandparents’
4.That’s ________ bedroom. The twins like it very much.
A. Mary and Ann
B. Mary and Ann’s
C. Mary’s and Ann
D. Mary’s and Ann’s
5.I found my black cat in _______ room.
A. Jim and Mike
B. Jim and Mike’s
C. Jim’s and Mike’s
D. Jim’s and Mike
6.Jack White is ________.
A. a friend of my father
B. a friend of my fathers
C. a friend of my fathers’
D. a friend of my father’s
7.His home is not far from his school. It’s only about ten ride.
A. minutes
B. minute’s
C. minutes’
D. minute
8.---Are you going to call at _______ now?
---No, ________ are having supper at this moment.
A. Whites; the Whites
B. White’s; the Whites
C. the Whites; Whites
D. the White’s; Whites
【习题翻译】
1. 凯特的弟弟_____________ 父亲节___________
儿童节_______________ 狄更斯(Dickens)的小说_________________ Lily和Lucy共有的房间________________ Lily和Lucy各自的房间_________________ 10分钟的路程_____________________ 在医生的诊所_____________________
2.属于我的一张照片___________________
我爸爸的一位朋友_____________________ 他叔叔的一辆小汽车__________________ 3. 这个问题的答案______________________ 这个门的钥匙________________
音乐会的门票
名词考点五：名词作定语
（1）名词作定语，常为单数形式
男学生乡村音乐生日礼物
（2）有man和woman构成的复合名词，变复数时要讲man或woman都变成复数形式。

a man driver ---变复数：
a woman teacher---变复数：
（3）复合名词，即“数词+ 连字符+ 名词“ 作定语时，这个名词一般使用单数形式。

a five-year plan
（4）复合形容词，即“数词—名词单数形式—形容词” 作定语，数词、名词和形容词之间都要有连字符。

a five-year-old boy
区分：five-year-old five-year-olds
five years old
例题：
1. Those ________ students like football while these ________ teachers like volleyball.
A. boy; woman
B. boys; women
C. boy; women
D. boys; woman
2. I have many ________ in my pocket.
A. ten dollars
B. ten dollar’s
C. ten-dollars
D. ten-dollar
名词练习(题型考察)
命题1 名词词义辨析
考向1 同类名词辨析
1.She wrote the address on the envelope and stuck a on it.
A. stamp
B. scarf
C. mail
D. photo
2.My grandfather used to be a . He enjoyed the feeling of flying.
A. pioneer
B. pilot
C. president
D. farmer
3.The duty of a is to deliver the letters and goods to the customers.
A. student
B. teacher
C. doctor
D. postman
4.In most homes, people cook meals in the .
A. bathroom
B. garden
C. bedroom
D. kitchen
5.There is a in my neighborhood and I often go there to see tigers.
A. zoo
B. bank
C. school
D. supermarket
6.My favorite is spring. I can fly kites with my friends.
A. month
B. day
C. weekend
D. season
7.Fruit is good for health, so I often have breakfast with one .
A. candy
B. cake
C. banana
D. egg
8.I am a little hungry now. I only drank some before I came to school.
A. beef
B. rice
C. milk
D. bread
9.We have so many this term. We must focus on them and study hard.
A. words
B. lessons
C. passages
D. phrases
10.Please read the of this passage aloud, and then guess the main idea of it.
A. mark
B. title
C. answer
D. rule
11.I like best, because I can communicate with foreigners through it.
A. music
B. English
C. math
D. history
12.---Who is that ? I haven't seen her before.
---She is a new student to our class.
A. girl
B. boy
C. man
D. woman
13.The old man can’t hear us well because there’s something wrong with his .
A. mouth
B. nose
C. ears
D. eyes
14.Mike put a on her shoulder, trying to calm her down.
A. hand
B. leg
C. mouth
D. face
15.---What's your favorite animal?
---I like . Because they have long soft ears and look very cute.
A. rabbits
B. pandas
C. wolves
D. bears
16.Could you please pass me a pair of _______? I want to use them to practice paper cutting.
A. chopsticks
B. glasses
C. scissors
D. paper
17.---“What do you want to be in the future?”
---“A doctor. So I’m planning to study ______ after finishing high school.”
A. mathematics
B. machine
C. market
D. medicine
18.---Can you give me some pieces of ______ on how to read 20,000 files under the sea.
---With pleasure.
A. advices
B. suggestions
C. advice
D. tips
考向2 不同类名词辨析
1.---What's on the ?
---Oh, there will be a speech on Friday about how to plan study time.
A. notice
B. cup
C. watch
D. key
2.The artist received high from the art community for his works.
A. praise
B. eraser
C. price
D. pride
3.My grandpa knows the history and medical of many plants.
A. story
B. picture
C. value
D. sense
4.Mary didn't tell her parents that she was going home. She wanted to give them a .
A. surprise
B. call
C. gift
D. trouble
5.---I'm tired out these days. ---Well, you'd better keep a between work and play.
A. promise
B. diary
C. balance
D. secret
6.My grandmother has the sense of . She always makes jokes with us.
A. food
B. safety
C. sound
D. humor
7.Recently, my parents are proud of me, because I have made great in English.
A. answer
B. promise
C. progress
D. decision
8.---Do you know Mr. Dean’s ? ---Yes. He lives at No. 18, Bridge Street.
A. size
B. story
C. address
D. height
9.This kind of big can carry a lot of goods for us.
A. truck
B. game
C. city
D. town
10.It's not a good to eat too much ice-cream after meals, especially for us students.
A. habit
B. question
C. time
D. drink
11.This temple is one of the oldest buildings in the town. We must take to protect it.
A. rope
B. bill
C. action
D. notes
12.Please read the on the bottle before you take the medicine.
A. discovery
B. competition
C. instruction
D. director
13.---Why didn’t Jim go to school today?
---He said he had a headache. But it was only a(n) _________. He is playing games in his room.
A. matter
B. excuse
C. message
D. result
14.If we only regret that we didn’t take the , we may miss catching the ones in the
future.
A.Ability
B. choice
C. chance
D. knowledge
15.---A robot served us dinner last night. Don’t you think we are living in amazing times?
---I can’t agree more. The makes our lives easier and happier.
A. information
B. technology
C. discovery
D. competition
命题点2 名词填空
1.Some wild animals are in as the earth is getting warmer and warmer.
2.If you are interested in something, it will be easy for you to pay to it for a long
time.
3.He raised one , but none of us could give an answer to it.
4.This skirt is very cheap. It means that you can buy it at a very low .
5. A is a person who plays an instrument or writes songs.
6.Don't forget to say “Thanks” to the person who gives you a when you meet
difficulties.
7.The doctor advises you should take this three times a day.
8.The air is becoming more and more serious, so we must take some measures
to solve it.
9.Westerners usually eat with forks and , while we Chinese eat with chopsticks.
10.People usually wear on their feet inside their shoes.
11.There are many that students have to follow in school.
12.In order to protect children’s , parents should ask them not to eat too many
candies.
13.The spring is coming. The on the trees turn green.
14.They spent about five on this project from 2014 to 2018.
15.Teenagers should be encouraged to make by themselves.
命题点3 名词所有格与名词作定语
1.---How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?
---It's about two ride by high-speed train.
A. hour
B. hour’s
C. hours
D. hours’
2.---Oh, Nancy! Do you live here? ---No. This house is . I'm here to see his baby.
A. my son
B. my son’s
C. the baby
D. the baby's
3.It's sports time. Most students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.
A. boy B, boys C. boy’s D. boys’
4.I don't think looking after children is just work.
A. woman
B. woman's
C. women
D. women’s
5.I often ride a bike to school. It's about from my home to our school.
A. 20 minutes’ walk
B. 20 minute's walk
C. walk of 20 minutes
D. 20 minutes' walks
6.This is bedroom. It's tidy and nice.
A. Lily's and Lucy's
B. Lily and Lucy's
C. Lily's and Lucy
D. Lily and Lucy
7.The online shop sell clothing at a very good price.
A. child and man’s
B. children and men's
C. children’s and men
D. children's and men's
8.There are many workers in this factory.
A. man
B. man's
C. men
D. men’s
9.Among the ________, who won the ________ 400-meter race?
A. boy students; men’s
B. boys students; man’s
C. boy students; man’s
D. boys students; men’s
命题点4 多种形式考察
1.Mary, an _________ girl, won the first prize in the film-making competition.
A.17 years old
B.18-year-old
C.17-year-old
D.18-year-olds
2.---What’s your favorite food?
--- I like ______ best. I had a large bowl last night.
A. potato noodle
B. potatoes noodle
C. potato noodles
D. potatoes noodles
3.Jerry used to be poor at English. _________ he has made in learning English now!
A. What a great progress
B. What great progress
C. How great a progress
D. How great progress
4.This is ________ that we all think it’s very important.
A. such useful information
B. so useful an information
C. so useful information
D. such a useful information
5.---How many teachers are there in your school?
---them over two hundred.
A．woman; The number of; is B．women; The number of; is
C．woman; A number of; is D．women; A number of; are
6.There are three and seven in the picture.
A. deers, sheeps
B. deers, sheep
C. deer, sheeps
D. deer, sheep
7.These Germans want to have some for supper, so they decide to catch now.
A. fish, a few
B. fishes, a little
C. fish, a little
D. fishes, a few
8.I’d like a small bowl of .
A. beefs and tomatoes noodles
B. beef and tomato noodles
C. noodles with beefs and tomatoes
D. noodles with beef and tomato
.
命题点5 中考真题
1.(2022 A卷21题) This year, the family went camping on Day, June 1st.
A.Child
B. Child’s
C. Children
D. Children’s
2.(2022 B卷21题) It’s raining heavily. Please take the .
A.stone
B. flower
C. umbrella
D. postcard
3.(2021 A卷23题) There are many___________ teachers in this primary school.
A. woman
B. woman’s
C. women
D. women’s
4.(2021 B卷23题) June lst is __________ Day.
A. Children
B. Children’s
C. Child
D. Child’s
5.(2020 A卷23题)Would you send me some ________of yours? I miss you very much!
A. magazines
B. photos
C. money
D. advice
6.(2020 B卷24题) I don't know how to make a speech in public. Can you give me some
______?
A. water
B. money
C. food
D. advice。