视听说III原文和答案

VLS B3 Uint2
II.Basic Listening Practice
1.Script
M: Nowwehave satellite and high-powered microscope, it 's easy to think weknow everything about the world; but we still don 't understand EI Nino.
W: Right. Scientists all over the world over are even uncertain about the cause of the warm Pacific current that brings storms or drought —the mysterious EI Nino.
Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation
2.Script
M: Everyone is talking about environmental problem: acid rain, the greenhouse effect, holes in the ozone layer. We should think positively. What can we do to improve things
W: I agree. We could do a lot more to harness the sun 's energy for heating and lighting in our homes. In Japan 43,000 solar roofs were installed in 2002.
Q: How do the man and the woman view the environment
3.Script
W: We lived in Beijing some years ago. It was always difficult to keep the house clean with wind from the north blowing sand from the desert at us.
M: That 's why the Chinese government has been encouraging people to plant trees along the edges of the Gobi Desert. Now those trees act as wind barriers.
Q: What did the government encourage people to do
4.Script
M: Many old refrigerators and cars are environmental hazards because they contain CFCs that destroy the ozone layer.
W: Yes, but government or organizations are helping people to safely dispose of old refrigerators or, in the case of cars, to upgrade their air conditioning.
Q: What are government departments helping people to do
5.Script
M: Hey, th at 'san aerosol spray you 're using on your hair! Build a bomb or set fire to the apartment to kill us quickly instead of making holes in the ozone, so we die of cancer.
W: Cool it, man. This spray doesn't contain CFC s. And you'd better read a little more. In 2003 the hole in the ozone layer shrank by 20 percent, so there 's no reason to panic.
Q: What does the man mean
Keys: 3. A
III.Listening In
Task 1: We should have proper respect for nature!
Script
Martha: Do you think most people in your culture respect n ature
Ed: I thi nk so. Umm …more now tha n before.
Martha: What do you think is the most serious environment problem in the world today
Ed: Today …I think damage to the ozone layer is a big problem; and ano ther problem
is pollution in big cities and things like that.
Martha: How do you lear n about en vir onmen tal problems
Ed: Umm …through school. A lot of clubs promote environmental safely, and some TV
programs, too. They talk about en vir onmen tal safely and stuff like that.
Martha: Do you think stude nts should lear n more about the en vir onment at school
Ed: I think so. So, as they grow older, they can be more aware of all the problems
that are going on. And also to preve nt more problems from occurri ng.
Martha: If you could create a new law to help the en vir onment, what would it be
Ed: A new law for the environment Umm-1 ' d probably say that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them into the garbage bin, not just throw them
everywhere because it ' s just littering and I hate that. So they should be fined if they throw them
on the floor on the ground.
Martha: That ' s a good idea. What do you pers on ally do to help protect the en vir onment
Ed: I ' mso against littering. I never litter. If I see somebodylitter, I get really
an gry. So I always throw my trash in to the garbage bi n.
While being in terviewed by Martha, Ed said more people in his culture respect n ature ever before. Whe n asked about the most serious en vir onmen tal problem in the world today,
he mentioned the damaged ozone layer and the pollution in big cities.
Ed learned about environmental problem at school. A lot of clubs and some TV programs promote environmental safely. He believes that students should learn more about the environment at school. Then they can be more aware of all the problems and prevent more problems from occurri ng.
When asked about a new law he would like to create to help the environment, he said
that when people throw away their cigarette butts , they have to throw them in the garbage bin. They should be fined if they throw them on the floor.
Pers on ally, Ed is so set aga inst litteri ng that he n ever litters. He always throws his
trash into the garbage bin.
Task 2 River polluti on
If you see dead fish floating on the river or notice that the water is discolored and
smelly, you know the river has been polluted, and there are four main possible causes for it.
First, fertilizer. If large amounts of fertilizer or farm waste drain into a river,
the concen trati ons of n itrate and phosphate in the water in crease con siderably. Algae use these substa nces to grow rapidly, turni ng the water gree n. This massive growth of algae leads to pollution. Whenthe algae die, they are broken downby the action of the bacteria, which quickly multiply, using up all the oxyge n in the water and therefore caus ing the death of fish.
Second, in dustrial waste. Factories sometimes discharge chemical waste into rivers.
Examples of such pollutants include cyanide, lead, copper, and mercury. These substances may enter the water in such high concentrations that fish and other animals are killed immediately. Sometimes the pollutants enter the food chain and accumulate until they reach toxic levels, eventually killing fish and other animals.
Third, oil pollution. If oil enters a slow-moving river, it forms a rainbow-colored film over the entire surface, preventing oxygen from entering the water.
Fourth, warm water. Industry often uses water for cooling processes, sometimes discharging large quantities of warm water back into rivers. A higher temperature of the water lowers the level of dissolved oxygen and upsets the balance of life in the water. Questions and key
1.What is the passage mainly about
D) The causes of river pollution.
2.Why does the river water turn green
A)Because nitrate and phosphate in the water increase.
3.What harm does industrial waste cause
B)Poisoning.
4.Which of the following is true of oil pollution
C)It prevents oxygen from entering the water.
5.What harm can warm water in a river bring
D)Lack of oxygen.
Task3: Curbing Carbon emissions
Script
Although it is not an easy task, China is striving to fulfill the promise to cut its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40 to 45 percent in the next 10 years.
Zhang Guobao, Director of the National Energy Administration, said, "The government puts great emphasis on seeking harmonious development between cities and the environment, and is readjusting the energy structure by giving priority to the development of clean and low-carbon energies, including hydroelectric, nuclear, wind, and solar power."
Government authorities have closed small, coal-fired plants with a total capacity of million kilowatts in the past four years. This year's target of closing 10 million kilowatts of capacity will be achieved by August. "We have promised to the international community that 15 percent of our power will be generated from non-fossil sources by 2020," Director Zhang said. At present, non-fossil energy accounts for only percent.
China is making efforts to increase the proportion of clean energy in its total energy consumption. Statistics show that China invested US$ billion in clean energy last year, exceeding the United States which invested US$ billion. Thus, China has become the world leader in generating clean energy. Five years earlier, China's investment in clean energy was only US$ billion.
However, China's carbon emission reduction target cannot be achieved easily. The shift to a low-carbon economymight be met at a cost to society. For instance, more than 400,000 people were laid off as a result of the shutdown of small coal-fired power plants in the past four years. Many studies indicate that the effort to curb greenhouse gas emissions may delay China's development, affect people's income, and lead to unemployment. Questions and key
l.What is the passage mainly about
D) Cutting carbon dioxide emissions: China's achievements and problems.
2.From four years ago until August this year, how many kilowatts of coal-fired plant capacity will
have bee n closed
D) More than 70 millio n.
3.By 2020, what will be the proporti on of non-fossil en ergy in the total power in
Chi na
A)15%.
4.Which of the following is true of the investment by China and the United States
in clea n en ergy last year
B)China's investment was almost twice as large as the United States'.
5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a problem arising from
curb ing gree nhouse gas emissi ons
C)Caus ing more strikes.
IV.Speaking Out
MODEL 1 Our globe is in danger
Joh n: How is your Gran dma gett ing along duri ng this usually hot weather
Nora: Over the last few years, Granny has bee n compla ining that the hot, humid weather is killi ng her . She believes the weather has cha nged.
John: What she means is the climate ' s Iong-term conditions; weather refers only to day-to-day con diti ons.
Nora: Yeah, she says summeris hotter, and win ter wetter. But I tried to comfort her, say ing, “ It ' s all in your mind , Granny. ”
John: She' s right, you know. The greenhouse effect does bring global warming and rain.
Nora: How can I explain global warming and greenhouse gases to a 97-year-old Granny
Joh n: Tell her the earth now is like a real gree nhouse made of glass pan els that let in
light and trap heat.
Nora: Think she ' ll want to know that carb on mono xide from earth makes gree nhouse gases John: Everybody should know what cause global warming; otherwise we won ' t stop it. Nora: I ' ll tell Granny not to burn any more wood or coal , or to use spray on the hair.
John: OK, joke about it, but it won ' t be so funny when the polar icecaps melt and oceans rise. MODEL2Rainforests will soon be only a memory.
Script
Susan: Hey, Chris, there is an environmental group on campusasking for donations to save the rai nforests. Chris: So what
Susan: So what! Don ' t you want to save the rainforests
Chris: But there ' re no rain forests in our coun try. They n eed hot, tropical climates .
Susa n: Comeon. A rain forest is any forest where heavy rain fall leads to dense vegetati on .
Tropical rainforests can be found in hoe, tropical areas, but there are also cool
rain forests, in cludi ng one in southeast Alaska.
Chris: How did you know that
Susan: Well, I ' ve just read a book on rainforests. You know, 140nillion people live in
the world ' s rain forests, and 35 perce nt of the world ' s pla nt and ani mal species
exist on ly in rain forests.
Chris: Wow, I' m impressed. So what else have you learned
Susa n: Most of the world ' s rai nforests are in dan ger of destructio n by loggers, farmers and developers.
They are disappeari ng at a rate of 1000 acres a minu te!
Chris: It ' s terrible!
Susa n: Yeah, we' ve got to find a way to save them. Now would you like to give a don atio n Chris: Sure. Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: Most of the world ' s rai nforests are in dan ger of destructi on by loggers, farmers and developers. They are disappeari ng at a rate of 100 acres a minu te!
B: What a tragedy! , Manyof the world ' s pla nt and ani mal species exist only in rain forests.
A: We really n eed to save the beautiful forests.
B: Yeah, we' ve got to find a way to save them.
A: Do you know our mayor is making a call to pla nt trees
B: Yeah, we do have to plant more trees. I hear China doesn' t have a lot of forests compared with many coun tries.
A: That' s true. I ' ve just read an article about afforestation. China' s forest coverage rate was last yea, ranking only 130 th in the world.
B: No won der we have to plat more trees.
A: Don ' t lose heart. Progress has been remarkable. In 2000 the rate was just percent.
B: Any other good news
A: China has stepped up its tree-planting efforts. Now it ' s the world ' s planter of trees.
B: Wow, I ' m impressed.
MODEL3 What a terrible sandstorm!
Script
Susan: Hey, John. You ' re back. A few days ago, a big sandstorm hit our city
John: Oh, that ' s bad.
Susan: The air was full of dirt and sand and dust . I had to wear a scarf around my head. John: The dust, as I know, comes from Mongolia. And from my reading in scienee, I ' ve heard the dust often comes after a long period of drought.
Susan: This is a serious problem in many parts of the world, and unfortunately our city is one of them. John: And if the drought continues, the soil is easily airborne. And then if the wind comes, the soil can be lifted up on the cold are that rises up, and it can travel very long dista nces.
Susan: Normally, whenthere ' s a wind, it can clear the air, and you have beautiful weather. But when the dust is brought in with the wind, then you can' t breathe, you can' t see well, and it ' s dangerous
for driving, or for walking.
John: Yeah. You know, when the dust is lifted up it can go as high 3,000 meters. And it ' s not just China that has problems, but many other countries. For example, the middle of Australia sometimes has dust storms, and some of the dust goes up very high, goes across the ocea n, and falls dow n on New
Zeala nd.
Susan: Not a very nice neighbor.
Joh n: Is there a soluti on to the problem
Susan: We need to plant more trees and grass so that the soil can stay where it is.
Joh n: No won der the gover nment is laun chi ng a new afforestati on program in a bid t address the en vir
onmen tal problem.
V.Let ' s Talk
Man 1: Well, it's in spiratio nal Ian guage which is nice and lovely and fluffy, but does n't really actually commit anyone to doing anything, and so it's really hard to take to the bank. I mean, people's lives are on the line in the developing world where we are see ing the impacts felt first and foremost, And obviously the atmosphere simply can't take the kind of emissions we've been seeing in the bus in ess-as-usual sce nario and there's no real commitme nt to cha nge
that. There's no real commitment to put serious moneyon the table and that's
a big problem.
[On-scree n text: Wind Farm]
This is a great photo op for all the world leaders, but if it's not backed by action, it really does n't mean much at the end of the day.
Man 2: What's in there is very disappo in ti ng. It does not con stitute a_ a deal. It's a hollow shell that will need to be filled in, and it has somenumbers, it talks about trying to avoid two degrees. That's the same Ianguage that the G8 used last July. But it lacks anything on emissions cuts as yet that would guarantee that we're actually on the, on track to get there. And the financing commitme nts... there is a men tio n of a 1OO-billio n-dollar figure and the
attempt to raise or mobilize that level of resources, but there's no guarantee that there will be new money, that the money will be real, that there's actually a commitment to get there, or that it will be channeled in new ways, as yet.
Key
(1) -b ⑵-a ⑶-h ⑷-d
⑸-g ⑹-e ⑺-c (8)-f
VI.Further Liste ning and Speak ing
Taskl: The environment and the development
Script
Li: Hi Professor Wang, I ' m Li Lin, a correspondent from the University Newspaper. The staff and stude nts here are gett ing more and more in terested in the relati on ship betwee n the en vir onment and developme nt. What do you think is the most serious en vir onmen tal problem at
prese nt What measures should we adopt to improve the en vir onment and develop the economy at the same time
Wang: There are many environmental problems: air pollution, water pollution, desertificati on, over-fishi ng, destructio n of n atural habitats, acid trai n, over-c on sumpti on of wild ani mals and pla nts, etc. But l ying at the cen ter of all those problems, as I see it, is the contradiction between economic growth and the en vir onment.
Si nee the Un ited Nati ons Earth Summit in 1992, more and more people and gover nments have adopted a new idea; that is, “ susta in able developme nt ” . This means today ' s
economic growth should not wipe out he resources and options for future generations. Pla nning
and developme nt should en sure not only econo mic growth, but also social advancement and
environment health. In other words, someeconomic behavior must be restricted or con trolled. In
stilli ng prin ciples of developme nt into gover nment planning, resource managementand economic
policy is the most important step China could take to solve its en vir onmen tal problems.
Chi na has already take n some remarkable steps to reduce damage to the en vir onment. For in sta nee, follow ing the huge floods of 1998, the gover nment banned logg ing in the upper reaches of the Yan gtze River in order to protect forests and reduce the risk of floods.
Still, the basic con tradicti on betwee n en vir onment and developme nt persists. Much work is to be done before we can achieve the aim of a balanee between economic growth and the en vir
onment.
Task 2:
Script
A United Nations study says that a thick cloud of pollution covering southern Asia threatens
the lives of millio ns of people. Scie ntists say the polluti on could in crease lung disease and cause early deaths. The cloud is also damag ing agriculture and affect ing rain fall levels. It has affected many countries in southern Asia. The pollution cloud is three kilometers high. Scientists say it can move halfway around the world in a week.
The cloud is the result of forest fires, the burning of agricultural waste, and huge
in creases in the bur ning of fuels by vehicles, in dustries and power stati ons.
Pollution from millions of bad cooking stoves hs madethe problem worse. Manypoor people
burn of fuels wood and an imal waste in such stoves.
Scie ntists say this comb in ati on could be cha nging win ter rain fall levels in Asia. They
say rain fall has in creased over the easter n coast of Asia. But it has dropped sharply over parts of n orthwester n Asia. The report says the cloud could reduce rain fall over n orthwester n Pakista n, Afgha ni sta n, and western Chi na by up to forty perce nt.
Harmful chemicals from the cloud are mixing with rainfall. This acid rain damages crops and trees and threatens public health. Scientists are concerned that the pollution will inten sify duri ng the n ext thirty years as the populati on of Asia in crease to an Estimated 5,000 million people.
1.What is the true of the cloud of pollution
2.What is NOT the cause of the cloud of pollution
3.What does the cloud of pollution bring about
4.Why will the polluti on in ten sify in the next 30 years, accord ing to the passage
5.What do you think is the best title for the passage
Keys:
Task 3 Mountain regi ons face a nu mber of dan gers.
Script
Mou ntai n people around the world are in great dan ger of the n egative effects of the worse ning en vir onment, accord ing to a UN report.
As global warmi ng and deforestati on accelerate and tech no logy makes wilder places more accessible, en vir onmen tal and social pressures on the world ' s remotest regi ons in creases. The UNhas found that manymountainous regi ons — in habited by one out of five of the world ' s people — are barely recognizable when they are compared to what they ere like 60 years ago. This is mostly because forests were cut to make way for cattle graz ing and agriculture.
The authors of the UN study expect 98 perce nt of its mountain areas to experie nee severe climate change by 2055. Biological losses are expected to be heavy. The mountains of Europe, part of California and the n orthwest An des in South America are amon gthe most threate ned mountain areas in the world and should be give n priority in con servati on.
The UN is an xious to raise aware ness of the problem facing moun ta in areas because they are in habited by someof the most vuln erable people. These people could lose their culture and their livelihood with even the smallest shifts in climate.
At the sametime, manymountain regions are losing people. Thousands of villages in Europe are deserted most of the year. In other areas like Nepal, people are drifting to the cities
in search of work.
View ing and speak ing
Script and key
Weather experts mayhave found a newproblem caused by global warming, one which manypeople will pay attention to: There are (l)signs that Santa's homein the North may be in trouble because of (2)warmer temperatures.
The Fi nn ish tow n of Rova niemi on the Arctic Circle, which many Europea ns say is the home of Santa
Claus, has had its (3)warmest winter i n 40 years. As a result, there has bee n muchless snow tha n usual-mea ning no sno wme n,no sno wballs, and possibly not eno ugh (4)s now for San ta to ride his sleigh on.
More important for local residents, it may mean fewer tourists, as well. Santa's wintry home town normally (5)attracts thousands of visitors each year, and millions of dollars.
Anne Pelttari-Bergman, the town's tourist director, worries that the town could be in (6)trouble if s now levels do not return to (7)no rmal. She explains: "Snow is really importa nt for us, of course, for Santa Claus, for Christmas tourism, and also for our win ter tourism because win ter is our (8)best season. It is really importa nt for us."
Weather experts and tow n reside nts are hop ing this warm win ter is a (9) on e-time thing. _______
Few people can imag ine a holiday whe n eve n Santa does not have a (l0)white Christmas.。