现在完成时专题

现在完成时专题

1.用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调结果。标志性的词语有just, already, before, yet, never, ever,recently （最近），... 例：I have finished my homework already.

②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。标志性的词语for 、since ，so far （句中谓语动词要用延续性动词） 例：I have lived here since 1990.

2.现在完成时的构成 主语+have\has+过去分词+其它

3.现在完成时的四个基本句型

（1）九词语

①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.

②yet 否定句中意为“还”， 疑问句句尾意为“已经” 例：

I have not finished the work yet. Have you read the book yet? ③ever 曾经 例：Have you ever seen pandas?

④never 从不 例：I have never been to Beijing.

⑤just 刚刚 例：I have just done my work.

⑥before 以前 例：I have never been there before.

⑦so far 到目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words.

⑧how long 多久 例：How long have you lived here?

⑨how many times 多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing?

（2）三词组

havegone to 去了某地，没有回来 例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京.未回)

havebeen to 去过某地，已经回来 例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京，已经回来)

have / has been in +地点 表示呆在某地、某个团体、机构（常与for 和since 连用）

He has been in Beijing for 20 years. 他呆在北京已经20年了.

（3）两结构

for + 时间段 例如： for two months Jim has lived here for 2 months.

since +过去时间点 例如：since last year ， since 1990 I have lived here since last year.

since +时间段+ago 例如：since 3 years ago Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.

since +过去时态句子 例如：since he came here He has been in China since he came here.

5. 在现在完成时中，短暂性性动词不能和一段时间状语连用.

例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）

因buy 这个短暂性性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years 连用。

6. 还有其他短暂性性动词也是这种情况。

例如下：

①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here 例：I have come here for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been here for 3 years. ②leave/go →be away 例：He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.

③begin/start →be on 例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） 改为The film has been on for 3 minutes.

④open →be open / close → be closed 例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为The shop has been open for 3 years. ⑤die →be dead 例：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.

⑥finish/end → be over 例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为The work has been over for 3 days

⑦join –be in/ be a member of +团体I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.

⑧buy /catch → have 例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.

例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.

⑨borrow → keep 例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years.（错） 改为I have kept the book for 3 years.

还有其它的归纳如下：break → be broken get up → be up marry → be married