2019_2020学年高中英语Unit19Language5SectionⅤGrammar (1)

Section Ⅴ
Grammar & Writing
名词性从句&非人称转述结构
单句语法填空
1．What made her so angry was that her son had failed again.
2．
Word came that the mayor would pay a visit to our school the next morning.
3．He was ill and that was why he was absent from the meeting that day.
4．The man isn’t here. He is said to__have__gone(go) abroad already.
5．It is reported that the successful businessman has donated much to the area.
一、名词性从句
名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

从高考考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，同位语从句也有涉及。

名词性从句
主语从句(Subject Clause)
表语从句(Predicative Clause) 宾语从句(Object Clause)
同位语从句(Appositive Clause)
1．主语从句
种类关联词例句说明
主语从句
that
That he will come
and help you is
certain.
that在句首，不可省
去whether
Whether there is
life on the moon is
an interesting
question.
主语从句中只能用
whether，不可用if
连
接
代
词
who，
what,
which，
whoever
①What he wants to
tell us is not
clear.
②Who will win
the match is still
主语从句放在句首，
句子常显得笨重，因
此一般把它移到句子
后面，前面用引导词
“it”来作形式主语
unknown.
连
接
副
词
when，
where，
why，
how
①It is known to us
how he became a
writer.
②Where the English
evening will be held
has not yet been
announced.
用it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：
(1)It＋be＋形容词＋that从句；
(2)It＋be＋名词词组＋that从句；
(3)It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句；
(4)It＋seems/happens等不及物动词＋that从句。

2．宾语从句
种类关联词例句说明
宾
语
从
句
陈
述
意
义
that
①I b elieve(that)he
is honest.
②We must never think
(that) we are good in
everything while
others are good in
nothing.
that在从句中不作
任何成分，在口语或
非正式的文体中常被
省去，但如果从句是
并列句时，第二个分
句前的that不可省
疑
问
意
义
if，
whether
①I wonder whether
he will come or not.
②Everything de­
pends on whether we
have enough money.
③I don’t know
if/whether it is
interesting.
④He doesn’t care if
it isn’t a fine day.
whether常与or not
连用，此时不能用if
代替；作介词宾语要
用whether不能用
if；从句是否定句时
一般用if引导
(一)It＋is/was＋动词的过去分词＋that从句
在英语学习中，我们经常可以见到非人称转述结构。

它是间接引语的一种，通常为“It ＋is/was＋动词的过去分词＋that从句”这一结构。

该结构中常用的过去分词有：reported，said，thought，believed，known，claimed，hoped等。

It is known that Russia is the largest country in the world.
众所周知俄罗斯是世界上最大的国家。

It is said that John is the cleverest student in our class.
据说，约翰是我们班最聪明的学生。

It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtze River.
据报道，另一座横跨长江的桥即将修建。

It is hoped that in the near future scientists can find a way to treat the cancer. 人们希望，在不久的将来，科学家们能找到治疗癌症的方法。

(二)主语＋动词的被动语态＋不定式
我们也可以把有关的人或事放在句首使用“主语＋动词的被动语态＋不定式”这种结构。

1.如果转述的动作发生于转述的同一时间或发生在转述之后，可以用动词不定式的一般式。

It is thought that the price of pork is too high.
＝The price of pork is thought to be too high.
人们认为，猪肉的价格太高。

It is said that Li Ming will come to Guangzhou in a couple of weeks.
＝Li Ming is said to come to Guangzhou in a couple of weeks.
据说，李明两周后会来广州。

2.如果转述的动作发生在转述之前，用不定式的完成式。

It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.
＝A new type of computer is said to have been invented by them.
据说，他们发明了一种新型电脑。

Ⅰ用适当的关联词填空
1． Your support is important to our work.______________you can do helps.
答案：Whatever
2． The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is____________ one can be entirely free from dust.
答案：that
3．The manager put forward a suggestion ____________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
答案：that
4． We must find out ____________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
答案：when
5．(2015·北京卷单项填空)____________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
答案：How
6．The exhibition tells us ____________ we should do something to stop air
pollution.
答案：why
7． ____________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
答案：Where
8． You have to know ____________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
答案：where
9．—I wonder ____________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
答案：how
10．It is often the case ____________ we are not doing what we really want to do, but what we think we should want to do.
答案：that
Ⅱ单句改错
1．I think that necessary that we take plenty of boiled water.____________________
答案：第一个that→it
2．If the meeting will be held on Sunday is still a problem.____________________ 答案：If→Whether
3．I believe that you have done your best and things will improve.____________________
答案：and后加that
4．The reason was because the driver was too careless and drank too much.
____________________ 答案：because→that
5．The news what our football team won the match was encouraging.____________________
答案：what→that
Ⅲ语法与写作
1．运动会是否举行要取决于天气。

____________________________ depends on the weather.
答案：Whether the sports meet will be held
2．实际上，我不记得第一次见到他是在什么时候了。

As a matter of fact ，I can’t remember____________________________．
答案：when I met him for the first time
3．他们在森林中迷路了，让事情更糟的是夜幕开始降临了。

They lost their way in the forest and ________________________was that night began to fall.
答案：what made matters worse
4．据说他是村里第一个考上大学的人。

________________ he was the first to have been admitted into the university in his village.
答案：It was said that
5．人们相信，最终决定将由贸易工业部做出。

________________ the final decision will be made by the Department of Trade and Industry.
答案：It is believed that
如何写一封正式书信
文体感知
英语书信通常由下列五个部分组成：
1.信头：信头包括写信人地址和写信日期，通常写在信笺的右上角。

比较熟识的朋友之间的通信，写信人的地址常可略去。

(1)日期通常有下列两种写法：月、日、年，例如：August 15，2016或日、月、年，例如：15, August，2016。

(2)地址的写法通常是由小到大，如：门牌号、街道名、市(县)名、省名、国名(邮政编码通常写在城市名之后)。

这同中文书信的地址写法完全相反。

地址可以写1－3行，日期写在地址的下方。

2.称呼：称呼指写信人对收信人的称呼，如Dear Mr.Li，写在信头的下方和信笺的左边。

称呼一般用Dear...或My dear...开头，称呼后一般用逗号。

3.正文：这是书信的主体部分，即写信人要表达的内容。

正文要求语言通顺，层次分明，意思清楚。

4.结束语：它是书信结尾的恭维话，相当于中文书信最后的“祝福”“致礼”之类的话语。

“Best wishes”(致以最美好的祝愿)是最常用的结束语。

5.签名：签名通常在结束语下方的中间偏右的位置。

在签名的上方可以根据写信人和收信人的关系写上Sincerely yours/Yours sincerely(用于同辈或朋友之间)/Respectfully
yours/Yours respectfully(用于对长辈或上级)。

常用句式
1．I would be grateful if you could give me more information about the accommodation.
2．Could you please send me information about the accommodation?
3．Could you possibly tell me what...?
4．I wonder whether you could possibly send me details about the health insurance.
5．I would prefer to have a single room，if possible.
6．I would also like to stay on for another two days，if that is at all possible.
7．I would like to...provided that it has...
8．I would prefer not to share...unless/except if I have to...
9．It is not clear whether your company only arranges flights...
写作要求
你们学校在为一批来自加拿大的交流学生征寻为期两周的住宿家庭。

假定你叫李华，写一封信给校长申请接待来自加拿大的交流学生。

信的内容需包括：
1．说明你申请的理由；
2．你家所具备的接待条件。

注意：词数100左右，可紧扣题目适当发挥。

审题谋篇
项目结论
体裁应用文
话题申请接待交流学生
时态一般现在时为主
人称第一人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①交流学生________________
②符合要求________________
③擅长________________
④同某人交谈________________
⑤考虑我的申请________________
答案：①exchange students②meet the requirements
③be good at ④chat with sb.⑤consider my application
2．句式
①我了解到我们学校正在寻找一些学生家庭，为来自加拿大的交流学生提供两周的住宿。

一般表达：I have learned that our school is seeking some students’ families.These families can offer proper two­week accommodations for exchange students from Canada.
高级表达：(用which定语从句改写上面的句子)
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
②为了提高英语口语，我想寻找和本土说英语的人交流的机会。

一般表达：In order to improve my oral English，I want to have the opportunity to communicate with native speakers of English.
高级表达：(用现在完成进行时改写句子)
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
③我妈妈是个热心的妇女，她非常喜欢孩子，擅长烹饪。

我们将为交流学生准备美味的传统中餐。

一般表达：My mother is a warm­hearted woman.My mother likes kids very much and is quite good at cooking.
We will prepare a lot of delicious traditional Chinese food for the exchange students.
高级表达：(用定语从句和适当的连接词改写句子)
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：①I have learned that our school is seeking some students’ families which can offer proper two­week accommodations for exchange students from Canada.
②In order to improve my oral English，I have been looking for the opportunity to communicate with native speakers of English.
③My mother is a warm­hearted woman who likes kids very much and is quite good at cooking，so we will prepare a lot of delicious traditional Chinese food for the exchange students.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ One possible version：
Dear Principal,
My name is Li Hua.I have learned that our school is seeking some students’families which can offer proper two­week accommodations for exchange students from Canada.I think my family meets the requirements.
In order to improve my oral English, I have been looking for the opportunity to communicate with native speakers of English.We have a spare room for one or two exchange students.My mother is a warm­hearted woman who likes kids very much and is quite good at cooking, so we will prepare a lot of delicious traditional Chinese food for the exchange students.
I believe they will have a good time in my family and hope that you will give me the chance.
I’d appreciate it if you could consider my application.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
A卷
Ⅰ单句语法填空
1．That he likes you ____________(be) very obvious.
答案：is
2．____________ it will do us harm remains to be seen.
答案：Whether
3．That’s ____________ she wanted to leave.
答案：why
4．Tell me ____________ one you like best.
答案：which
5．When she’ll be back ____________(depend) much on the weather.
答案：depends
6．____________ they need is enough time to prepare for the examination.
答案：What
7．The reason ____________ he didn’t come is that his mother was ill.
答案：why
8．It all depends on ____________ they will support us.
答案：whether
9．The suit fitted him well except ____________ the color is a little brighter.
答案：that
10．The teacher was very angry.That was ____________ he was very late.
答案：because
Ⅱ阅读理解
A
Notice：Medical Alert(警报)
Dear Readers，
Medical related emergencies are on the rise with more old people living alone.More seniors are looking for an independent lifestyle and better quality of life.More than 1 in 3 people over the age of 64 will fall this year. Nearly half will not be able to get up without support.
Medical fees can increase when a person is not given timely support.You can prevent a medical disaster with our 24­hour emergency response system. Our solution is highly suggested by doctors, healthcare professionals and hospitals.
We are offering a FREE Medical Alert System to seniors or their loved ones who call now.For a limited time，there will be no set­up fees and the medical monitoring starts at less than $ 1 a day. The system is easy to use. The necklace pendant(坠饰) can travel with you. Our new system can detect falls automatically.
Call Toll­Free 1­800­360­0405 and gain peace of mind. There’s no long­term contract. Our medical alert professionals can walk you through everything over the phone.
The first 100 callers to order will receive：
• The Free Medical Alert System($ 300 value)．
• 24 Hours a Day/7 Days a Week LIVE Monitoring and Support.
• The Free Necklace Pendant.
• No Long­term Contract.
• Free Shipping(Mention Reader’s Digest)．
Don’t wait until after a fall to give us a call. Take advantage of this special offer now to protect yourself or a loved one.
Call now Toll­Free 1­800­231­0167 and mention Reader’s Digest.
Sincerely，
Jim Nelson 【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一种可预警独居老人摔倒的医疗警报系统。

1．Why are there an increasing number of medical related emergencies?
A．Old peop le’s quality of life is down at present.
B．The old are not paying attention to their health.
C．The overall health of the old is worse than before.
D．Many old people have no one to keep them company.
D解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段的“Medical related emergencies are on the rise with more old people living alone. More seniors are looking for an independent lifestyle”可知，更多的老年人选择独居使得与医疗相关的紧急情况增多。

2．What’s the main advantage of the system mentioned in the text?
A．Preventing falls.
B．Serving as an alarm.
C．Replacing doctors.
D．Improving health and mind.
B解析：推理判断题。

根据第三段的“Our new system can detect falls automatically.”可知，这种系统可以自动探测到老人摔倒，主要起警报作用，并不是说可以阻止老人摔倒，故选B。

3．What benefit can the first 100 callers to order get?
A．Buy the system at $ 300.
B．Get a copy of Reader’s Digest.
C．Have a pendant at a discount.
D．Get all­day monitoring and help.
D解析：细节理解题。

根据文章中打电话购买者的前100名可得到的好处之一“24 Hours a Day/7 Days a Week LIVE Monitoring and Support.”可知，打电话购买者的前100名可以得到全天候的监控和帮助。

B
“Clothes Swapping” is an activity which has become increasingly popular among
American women. At a clothes swap event the women can give away unwanted clothing and get something different in return.
Recently about 300 women went to a clothes swap at a high school in Springfield, Virginia. It was the largest crowd ever for the area’s popular clothing－swapping group.
Daphne Steinberg was having a good day. “For anyone who knows Ann Taylor LOFT, Ann Taylor is a really good women’s designer and I will totally wear this to work. So I love that, and I love that I can equip myself for work, have a good time in doing it, and not totally bankrupt(使破产) myse lf.”
Sandy Van Dusen likes the idea that clothes are finding new homes instead of being thrown away. “Because it helps to keep the Earth green. There’s no point in my opinion in continuing to buy new clothes when we can reuse what are already here. Give them a new home—let somebody else love what you used to love and no longer love.”
Kim Pratt organized the clothes swap event in Springfield. She also organized a money－raising activity for the high school’s debate team. It is one of several ways that her group gives to charitable causes. Another is by donating all of the “unswapped” clothing to shelters for victims of domestic violence.
“I started doing this four years ago, and we’ve been doing it for four years, getting bigger and bigger each time we have a swap.”
She used the social media website to help publicize the events. The website has helped her group grow from 30 members to 1，300. Ms.Pratt says most of the members respect the clothing swap rules. But she says competition for desirable fashion can be strong.
“We have to tell people sometimes not to hover(徘徊) over the new people coming in with their clothing. As they put it out, some people tend to grab the stuff right out of their hands and it becomes like a free－for－all. We try to avoid that as much as possible.”
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了在Springfield的一所高中举办的“交换衣服”活动，详细介绍了活动组织人Kim Pratt组织该活动的初衷、意义和存在的问题等。

4．Women can________at a clothes swap.
A．exchange unwanted clothing for something different
B．buy whatever clothing they like
C．have a social gathering and make friends
D．make some money by giving away unwanted clothing
A解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句“At a clothes swap event the women can give away unwanted clothing and get something different in return.”可知，在“交换衣服”活动中，女士可以给出自己不想要的衣服，得到一些不同的衣服，故A项正确。

5．We can learn from what Daphne Steinberg said that________．
A．she had been to a clothes swap for the first time
B．she experienced the largest clothes swap ever in the area
C．she got some clothes she likes at the clothes swap
D．she saved much more money than she had expected
C解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段中Daphne Steinberg所说的话“For anyone who knows Ann Taylor LOFT, Ann Taylor is a rea lly good women’s designer and I will totally wear this to work.”可知，Daphne Steinberg在这次“交换衣服”活动中得到了她喜欢的Ann Taylor设计的衣服，并会穿着它去上班，故C项正确。

6．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．What Kim Pratt did with the unswapped clothing.
B．How Kim Pratt started the clothes swap event.
C．What Kim Pratt did to help people in need.
D．How Kim Pratt raised money to help charitable causes.
C解析：段落大意题。

通读第五段可知，该段主要介绍了Kim Pratt为帮助需要帮助的人组织的多个活动，包括“交换衣服”活动、为Springfield的一所高中的辩论队组织的筹款活动、捐赠衣服给家庭暴力受害者庇护所的活动，故C项正确。

7．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that________．
A．clothes swaps are often out of control in the end
B．inappropriate behavior at clothes swaps needs to be controlled
C．clothes swapping is becoming increasingly popular with American women D．more clothes swap events need to be organized
B解析：推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“some people tend to grab the stuff right out of their hands and it becomes like a free－for－all. We try to avoid that as much as possible.”可推知，在“交换衣服”活动中，对一些不恰当的行为应该加以控制，故B项正确。

Ⅲ语法填空
(2018·陕西西北大学附中高二模拟)Do you ever stop and think about this big, beautiful world we live in? It’s home 1.____________ so many people and animals. We all live in this amazing place, so we all have the 2.____________ (responsible)
to take care of it, too.
A long time ago, I started thinking about what I could do to help take care
of the planet. I wondered 3.____________ I could use my talents for good. I love creating webs ites and making art and designing clothes. That’s what 4.____________ (inspire) me, at age 8, to start an online company. I donate part
of my profits to organizations 5.____________ (try) their best to save our environment. After I launched my business, I started getting 6.____________(invite)
to give presentations to young people about my company and the environment. I also talk about something else that is 7.____________(mean)．
One thing I’ve learned is that a lot of people feel like 8.____________ small contribution to any cause is just a drop in the bucket and won’t make a difference. But that’s not true! 9.____________(actual) when it comes to saving our environment, every small action counts. The 10.____________(tiny) thing is better than the greatest intention.
1．to解析：考查介词的用法。

句意：它是那么多人和动物的家园。

be home to...是……的家园。

2．responsibility解析：考查词性转换。

冠词后接名词。

responsibility n．责任。

3．how解析：考查名词性从句。

句意：我不知道我怎样才能利用我的才能……，故
用how引导宾语从句。

4．inspired解析：考查动词的时态。

根据句中的at age 8，可知，此处用一般过去时。

5．trying解析：考查非谓语动词。

此处是现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。

6．invited解析：考查非谓语动词。

此处意为：我开始被邀请去……是get done结构。

7．meaningful解析：考查词性转换。

此处是形容词作表语，meaningful adj.有意义的。

8．a解析：考查冠词的用法。

contribution是可数名词，此处表示泛指。

9．Actually解析：考查词性转换。

此处是副词位于句首，修饰整个句子。

10．tiniest解析：考查形容词的用法。

根据句中的the greatest可知，此处也用最
高级。

B卷
Ⅰ阅读理解
A
As a volunteer, you will discover the unique opportunity
of visiting the real world beyond the tourist window and become immersed(沉浸) in the cultures you visit. For many travelers, this time spent working on meaningful projects and getting to know the local area and its people is often regarded as their most memorable, enjoyable and fulfilling experience.
Who can volunteer?
Kaya volunteers are 18－80 years old people with an adventurous spirit. Whether you have time for a 2­week trip or a 6­month break, traveling on your own, with a group or with your family, or you are a student, taking a break from your study or have even retired, they will find a project that can use your help.
What types of projects can you do?
Kaya’s project advisers work with you to decide which project is best for you and what type of work you like to do. You can work in the following fields：*Environmental preservation—From the Ecuadorian rainforest to the jungle of Thailand, repair the damage done to some of the most beautiful and diverse places on earth.
*Work with children—They have over 40 projects working with children across the world in orphanages, schools and shelters for the abused and disabled.
*Sports—Through sports their projects can provide opportunities for health education and the development of life skills such as teamwork, communication, discipline and self­confidence.
*Education—From English teaching to education programs for special needs and minority groups, give greater opportunity to the disadvantaged through education.
All projects include airport pick­ups and drop­offs, accommodation, orientation and 24­hour support. Many of their placements also include all meals and some language classes so that you can get even more involved.
【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了志愿者参加Kaya志愿者项目的条件以及项目的类型等相关信息。

1．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To inspire people to volunteer.
B．To show the advantage of volunteers.
C．To call on volunteers to take part in certain projects.
D．To explain different projects to volunteers.
C解析：写作意图题。

根据第一段第一句“As a volunteer, you will discover the unique opportunity of visiting the real world beyond the tourist window and become
immersed(沉浸) in the cultures you visit.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁志愿者参与某些项目。

2．What can a volunteer do while doing the advertised voluntary work?
A．Receive some extra pay for their work.
B．Travel around for free.
C．Help the local people with their work.
D．Visit the local places of interest.
D解析：细节理解题。

根据“What types of projects can you do？”部分中的“From the Ecuadorian rainforest to the jungle of Thailand, repair the damage done to some of the most beautiful and diver se places on earth.”可知，志愿者在做志愿工作的时候能够参观当地的一些名胜古迹。

3．What can we infer from the second part of this passage?
A．Few people are willing to do the voluntary work.
B．There are almost no restrictions set on volunteers.
C．People without voluntary experiences are not welcome.
D．Junior school students can participate in the project.
B解析：推理判断题。

根据“Who can volunteer？”部分的描述可知，志愿者参加Kaya志愿者项目除了有年龄的要求外几乎没有任何限制。

4．Why do some voluntary placements offer free meals and language classes?
A．To help volunteers get more involved.
B．To help volunteers save money.
C．To attract more people to work as volunteers.
D．To get volunteers improved from all sides.
A解析：细节理解题。

根据最后一段第二句“Man y of their placements also include all meals and some language classes so that you can get even more involved.”可知，提供免费的饭和一些语言课程是为了帮助志愿者更多地参与志愿活动。

B
Nail biting is a pretty common habit, affecting an estimated
30 percent of adults, 45 percent of teens, and 30 percent of
children. Nail biting, which can be caused by stress, anxiety, or
just being bored, may seem perfectly harmless. But it can invite
bacteria infections to enter the body and blood, increasing your chances of catching a cold or the flu, according to the Mayo Clinic. Not to mention that it can ruin your smile.
The most common virus hiding under our nails is staphylococcus(葡萄球菌), which can enter the body through breaks in our skin or from absorbing them after biting your nails. If that isn’t enou gh a warning, just imagine parasites(寄生虫)，hanging out in our nail tissue as you open mouth and put in your finger. So next time the anxiety comes in, try taking five deep breaths instead.
According to the CDC, there are more than 200 cold viruses floating around at any given time. You may acquire one because of a weakened immune system or exposure to someone sick. However, you can reduce your chances of catching a virus by keeping your hands away from your mouth. Viruses that cause the cold are active on your skin as well, so wash your hands frequently with soap and water, and avoid nail biting by chewing gum.
Nail biting can also damage the teeth and gums(牙龈). The Academy of General Dentistry has found that nail biting can break, or wear down the front teeth, and also potentially lead to sore gums and gum tissue damage. Check with your dentist whether having a mouth guard can help you to stop biting your nails—or at least reduce some of the damage it can cause. She may be able to suggest some other techniques to help you quit the habit for good.
【解题导语】很多人有咬指甲的习惯，但他们不知道的是咬指甲正严重威胁着他们的健康。

5．Who is most likely to be affected by nail biting?
A．The sixteen­year­old Bob.
B．The mother of five children, Kate.
C．The second grader Gene.
D．The seven­month­old Jane.
A解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段中的Nail biting is a pretty common habit, affecting an estimated 30 percent of adults, 45 percent of teens, and 30 percent of children.可知咬指甲对青少年的影响最大，也就是说青少年更容易被影响。

6．Which of the following can keep you from cold viruses?
A．Staying away from the sick.
B．Biting your nails less often.
C．Going to a dentist often.
D．Washing your face frequently.
A解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段中的You may acquire one because of a weakened immune system or exposure to someone sick.可知远离病人可以预防感冒病菌。

7．What is the passage mainly about?
A ．The common habit of nail biting.
B ．Why people bite their nails.
C ．The bad influences of nail biting.
D ．How to stop biting nails.
C 解析：主旨大意题。

本文主要说明了咬指甲的不良影响。

Ⅱ 短文改错
This morning, when I looked out of the window, I excitedly found it is snowing heavily. Attracting by the beautiful sight, I decided to take some photos. The snow finally stopped at the noon, and I couldn ’t wait to go outside with my camera. As I walked in front of our build, I saw a boy fall over all of a suddenly. It was at that moment when I realized what I should do. Immediately, I started to sweep the road. Working so hard made me sweated a lot. An hour late, the thick snow was cleared away. Looking the clean road, my neighbors all gave us the thumbs up.
答案：
This morning, when I looked out of the window, I excitedly found it is was
snowing heavily. Attracting Attracted
by the beautiful sight, I decided to take some photos. The snow finally stopped at the ＼ noon, and I couldn ’t wait to go outside with my camera. As
I walked in front of our build building ， I saw a boy fall over all of a suddenly sudden
. It was at that moment when that
I realized what I should do. Immediately, I started to sweep the road. Working so hard made me sweated sweat a lot. An hour late later
， the thick snow was cleared away. Looking ∧at the clean road, my neighbors all gave us me
the thumbs up. Ⅲ 书面表达
假如你是中学生李华，你从学校网站了解到你校外籍交换生Peter 想聘请一名中国学生辅导他学习汉语，你对此很感兴趣，请给他写封邮件。

要点包括：
1．个人简介；
2．应聘原因；
3．询问要求。

注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version：
Dear Peter，
I am Li Hua, a Chinese student. From the school net, I know that you are looking for a Chinese student who can help you learn Chinese. I am very interested in it because I can not only speak Chinese well but also write well.
I am glad that you show an interest in learning Chinese, which has a long and rich history. After you have learned the Chinese language, you will be able to know more about the Chinese culture.
I am sure you will learn Chinese well with my help. I wonder if you have some other requests. Please reply to me as soon as possible.
Yours，
Li Hua。