英语参考文献(DOC)

JILIN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY 研究生农业科技英文文献写作报告
题目名称：（中文）我国收入分配差距的影响及改革对策研究（英文）The influence of the income distribution gap in our country and
the reform countermeasures
学生姓名：孙丹学号：20130611
院系专业：马克思主义学院马克思主义基本原理专业
硕士导师：职称：教授
教学班级：14班研究方向：马克思主义基本理论与教学研究
2014年6月5
Contents
第一部分/ PART I（见封面）
The influence of the income distribution gap in our country and the reform countermeasures (1)
第二部分/ PART II（摘要）
Abstractand key words (2)
第三部分/ PART III（正文）
I the present situation of urban and rural residents income gap of our country and impact (3)
1.1 the present situation of urban and rural residents income gap of our country (3)
1.2 the influence of urban and rural residents widening income gap (3)
1.2.1 affect national economy sustainable and healthy development (3)
1.2.2 affect social stability (3)
1.2.3 affect the rural human capital investment (3)
II The cause of the urban and rural residents income gap (4)
ⅢImprove the countermeasures of urban and rural residents income gap (4)
IV Conclusion (4)
第四部分/ PART IV（参考文献）References (5)
第五部分/ PART V（鸣谢/附录）Acknowledgements (6)
Appendix (6)
第二部分/ PART II （摘要）
The influence of the income distribution gap in our country
and the reform countermeasures
Name: Sun Dan
Major: Ideological and Political Education
Tutor: wang Yuan
Abstract：With the deepening of the economic system reform in our country at this stage and income distribution gap bing widened gradually，the problem of it has become increasingly prominent.If the problem of income distribution cann’t be solved correctely, it will not only affect the residents income level and the quality of life, but also the economic development of the whole country.It is more lik ely to affect the whole country’s economy development trend.The present income gap between urban and rural areas being as the research object，guided by the marxist distribution theory, income distribution gap of our country present stage is done more comprehensive and in-depth research. It is pointed out speeding up the reform of the income distribution system, reasonably adjust income distribution gap, and improving relevant policies and measures to regulate the income gap to a reasonable scope, can promote the healthy and rapid economic and social development in our country.
Keywords: distribution of income gap fairness and justice countermeasure
第三部分/ PART III（正文）
I the present situation and impact of the income gap of urban and rural residents in our country
1.1 The present situation of urban and rural residents income gap of our country
Along with the rapid development of China's economy, people have shared the fruits of reform and development in our country; the income of urban and rural residents have rised, people's living standards have been improved significantly. But the income gap between urban and rural residents is expanding. Especially since the late 1990 s, urban residents' income has maintained a rapid growth momentum, but the farmers' income has grown slowly. During 1997 ~ 2002, period,urban residents income increased by6.64%,5.13%, 7.91%, 7.28%, 9.23%and 12.99%,respectively and urban residents' disposable income kept the average annual growth of 8.61%. And during the six years, our rural income growth was 8.51%, 3.44%, 2.23%, 1.95%, 5.01%,and 4.61%,and the average annual ruralnet incomr rerowth was 3.85%,which was less than half of the urban residents income growth. Obviously, since more than 20 years of reform and opening-up, had greatly improve farmers' living standard has greatly been improved, but without doubt farmers has got relatively less benefit from it is a relatively less benefit group.
1.2 The influence of urban and rural residents widening income gap
1.2.1 Affecting sustainable and healthy development of the national econmy
At present, the domestic effective demand shortage has become the bottleneck of restricting the further development of economy in our country, and the expansion of urban and rural residents income gap is one of the main reasons of the lack of domestic demand.
1.2.2 Affecting social stability
Reform and development needs a stable social environment. Social stability is the fundamental guarantee for the sustainable and healthy development of national economy, and a prerequisite smooth whether for reform . Urban and rural residents income distribution is reasonable, is an important factor of affect ing the social stability. China's gini coefficient has reached internationally recognized 0.4 cordon, and china become of the countries whose income gap is large in the world.
1.2.3 Affecting the human capital investment has in the conrtryside
In the modern economy, human capital has become one of the important factors of production. The income level of human capital stock and workers present obvious positive correlation; the more human capital stock, the higher the income level of workers. Therefore, valuing human capital investment is an important way to narrow the income gap.
II The cause of the urban and rural residents income gap
The development of agriculture in our country has many problems, such as its weakness, the limitations of smallholder consciousness, the week concept of the market in the country, congenital deficiency, deformity development mode, which has severely hindered the rapid development of our agriculture and, it is difficult to realize the long-term development of the agriculture.Since the reform and opening, the national income distribution pattern has been further improved, but the city-rural dualistic system has not been fundamertally changed seriously restricted the agricultural development, and which is not good for the long-term development which has of the agriculture seen from the developmenthistory of urban and rural economy plays a very important role and institutional factor in the process of urban and rural development has expanded the income gap between urban and rural areas, which has been the main reason for the disparity of income gap between urban and rural areas at present stage.The appropriate rural favorable policy is fundamental to realize the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.
ⅢThe countermeasures to bridge the income gap between urban and rural residents
To improve the income distribution situation in our country,and make it develop in the direction more fair ,ness the income proportion of primary distribution in societymust be increased based on the increase of the total social wealth.
First of all, starting with breaking the dual economic structure, emphasiae improving the urban and rural duality structure and promoting the construction of urban and rural integration.
Second, speed up the transformation of economic growth mode, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, reduce the proportion of the third industry, make more favorable policy for new and high technology industries and environmental protection industry and, realize the sustainable development of
economy.
And than, accelerate the restructuring of the state-owned enterprise, and reduce the loss of state-owned assets, encourage the development of private capital, increase the support for small and medium-sized enterprises, create a good policy environment, and make socialist economy develop more under the rules of fair competition.
Finally, we should deepen the reform of the tax system, adjust thedistribution pattern of the national income among government, enterprises and residents .Optimize the tax system, reduce the turnover tax and other indirect taxes, raise the proportion of income tax and other direct tax, and change the situation that our country’s primary distribution of income proportion is too large; attach great importance to the development of progressive taxes, and improve the efficiency of tax to adjust income distribution. Finally, realize the change of government functions, and focus on developing the public finances. It would be hard to To reduce government revenue share and ensure the full performance of the existing government function at the same time . Especially with the development of society and economy, our government ’s function scope is becoming larger and it often both the referee and the athelete in the economic field, which interferes with the normal market operation, prodiuces huge crowding out effect on development of private economy. Reducing the proportion of government revenues provides to transforme government ’s function . We should contract government’s functions in the econmy field, cut unnecessary institutions and personnel,Pay more attention to the service of the public domain and make more financial capital used to improve road traffic and other infrastructure conditions in the poor areas,The government invests more in social security and education, and plays a bigger role in social justice.
IV Conclusion：Income distribution is a very important part in the production of human society.It can not only adjustthe fundamental, basic relations in human society, but also can improve labor productivity. Reasonably adjusting income distribution gap, therefore,a precondition is for promoting the healthy development of China's economic society condition, and is also an important reflect of social fairness and justice.
第四部分/ PART IV（参考文献）
考文献
[1]刘杜建、徐艳，城乡居民收入分配差距形成原因及对策研究，财经研究【J】,2013年第五期.
[2]章奇，收入分配和收入流动性研究，【J】,经济研究2007年12期.
[3]尹恒，当代收入分配理论的新发展，【J】,财经研究2002年8期.
第五部分/ PART V（鸣谢/附录）
鸣谢
由于自身英语书写能力的欠缺，在翻译过程中存在一些问题，恳请张老师给予指导。

最后感谢谢张玉东老师一学期以来的精彩讲解，感谢汪沅老师长期的精心指导。

第二部分/ PART II （摘要）
我国收入分配差距的影响及改革对策研究
摘要：现阶段随着我国经济体制改革的深入，收入分配差距不断拉大，收入分配问题日趋突出。

如果解决不好收入分配问题，不仅会影响到居民的收入水平和生活质量，更有可能影响到整个国家的经济发展走向。

本文以现阶段的城乡收入差距为研究对象,以马克思主义分配理论为指导,对我国现阶段的收入分配差距问题做了较为全面、深入的研究。

指出只有加快收入分配制度改革，合理调节收入分配差距，完善相关的政策、措施，将收入差距调控到合理范围内，才能促进我国经济社会健康快速的发展。

关键词：收入分配差距公平正义对策
第三部分/ PART III（正文）
一、我国城乡居民收入差距现状和影响
（一）我国城乡居民收入差距现状
伴随着中国经济的快速发展，我国人民普遍分享到了改革发展的成果，城乡居民收入有了大幅度提高，人民生活水平也有了明显改善。

但是城镇居民和农村居民之间的收入差距却不断扩大。

特别是上世纪90年代后期以来，城市居民收入继续保持高速增长势头，但农民收入增幅却陷入缓慢增长阶段。

1997～2002年期间，城镇居民收入分别增长6.64%，5.13%，7.91%，7.28%，9.23%，12.99%，城镇居民可支配收入保持了年均8.61%的增长速度。

而在这六年期间，我国农民人均收入增长分别为8.51%，3.44%，2.23%，1.95%，5.01%，4.61%，农民人均纯收入年均增速为3.85%，不到城镇居民收入增长速度的一半。

显然，改革开放二十多年来，农民生活水平虽然有了很大程度提高，但无疑却是一个相对获益较少的群体。

（二）城乡居民收入差距扩大的影响
1、影响国民经济持续健康发展
目前，国内有效需求不足已成为制约我国经济进一步发展的瓶颈，而城乡居民收入差距的扩大正是内需不足的主要原因之一。

2、影响社会稳定
改革、发展需要一个稳定的社会环境，社会稳定是国民经济得以持续健康发展的根本保证，是改革顺利进行的必备条件。

城乡居民收入分配是否合理，是影响社会稳定的重要因素。

我国基尼系数已经突破国际公认的0.4的警戒线，成为世界上收入差距最大的国家之一。

3、影响农村人力资本投资
在现代经济体系中，人力资本成为一种重要的生产要素。

人力资本存量与劳动者的收入水平呈现明显的正相关关系，人力资本存量越多，劳动者的收入水平越高。

因此，重视人力资本投资是缩小收入差距的重要手段。

二、城乡居民收入差距的原因
我国农业的发展存在诸多问题，如:自身的弱质性、小农意识的局限性、农村市场观念薄弱、先天不足、后天发展模式畸形,这就严重阻碍了我国农业跨越
式的发展,很难实现农业发展的长足进步。

改革开放以来,国民收入分配格局有了进一步的改观,但是根本上并没有改变城乡二元化的分配体系,严重制约了农业发展,不利于农业发展的长足进步。

从城乡经济的发展历程来看,制度因素在城乡发展的过程中起到十分重要的作用,是导致城乡收入差距不断扩大,造成现阶段城乡收入差距悬殊的主要原因,适当的给予农村政策倾斜,是实现城乡协调发展的根本之策。

三、改善城乡居民收入差距的对策
要改善我国收入分配状况,使其向着更加公平的方向发展,就必须在增加社会财富总量的基础上,加大居民收入在社会初次分配中的比重。

首先，从破除二元经济结构着手,强调改善城乡二元化结构促进城乡一体化建设的重要性。

其次，要加快经济增长方式的转变,推动产业结构的优化升级,降低三高产业的比重,给予高新技术产业和环保产业更多的政策倾斜,实现经济的可持续发展。

再次，要加速国有企业改制,减少国有资产的流失,鼓励民营资本发展,加大对中小企业的扶持力度,创造良好的政策环境,使社会主义经济在公平的竞争规则下获得更大的发展。

最后，要深化税制改革,调整国民收入在政府、企业与居民三部门之间的分配格局。

优化税收体系,减少流转税等间接税,提高所得税等直接税的比例,改变我国政府在初次分配中收入比重过大的现状,重视发展累进税,提高税收对调节收入分配的效率。

最后还要实现政府职能的转变,重点发展公共财政。

要想在政府收入份额降低的同时,保证政府现有职能的全部履行是很难做到的。

尤其是随着经济社会的发展,我国政府的职能范围越铺越大,往往在经济领域中既是裁判员,又是运动员,干扰了正常的市场运行,并对私营经济的发展产生了很大的挤出效应。

降低政府收入比重为转变政府职能提供了契机,应当就此收缩政府在经济领域的职能范围,削减不必要的机构和人员,将服务的重点转向社会公共领域。

使更多的财政资金能够用于改善贫困地区的道路交通等基础设施条件上,加大政府对社会保障和教育的投入力度,为实现社会公平发挥更大的作用。

四、结语：收入分配是人类社会生产中一个十分重要的环节。

收入分配不仅能调节人类社会中根本、基础的关系,而且能提高劳动生产效率。

因此，合理调节收入分配差距，是促进我国经济社会健康发展的前提条件，也是社会公平正义的重要体现。

第四部分/ PART IV（参考文献）
考文献
参考文献：[1]刘杜建、徐艳，城乡居民收入分配差距形成原因及对策研究，财经研究【J】,2013年第五期.
[2]章奇，收入分配和收入流动性研究，【J】,经济研究2007年12期.
[3]尹恒，当代收入分配理论的新发展，【J】,财经研究2002年8期.。