五种英语基本结构

英语的五种基本构造
一．句子的 6 大成分。

主语：动作发出者
谓语：主语发出的动作
宾语：动作的蒙受者
定语：修饰名词或代词。

状语：表示时间、地址、方式、原由、目的、程度、比较和陪伴成分补语：增补说明主语或宾语
比如： I eat apples.
I eat big apples.
I eat big apples at home.
I eat big apples happily at home .
二．英语五种基本构造以下：
基本句型一：主＋系＋表
基本句型二：主＋谓
基本句型三：主＋谓＋宾
基本句型四：主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾
基本句型五：主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
基本句型一主＋系＋表
此句型的句子有一个共同的特色：句子谓语动词都不可以表达一个完好的意思，一定加上一个表示主语身份或状态的表语组成复合谓语，才能表达完好的意思。

这种动词叫做系动词。

系动词分三类：
1、表感觉： be, look,feel,smell,taste,sound
2、表示变化： get, grow, become, turn,go
3、表示保持 : stay,prove,remain,stand
ＳＶ（系动词）Ｐ( 表语 )
1. This is an English dictionary.
2. The dinner smells( 闻) good.
3. He fells happy.
4. Everything looks different.
5. He is tall and strong.
6. The book is interesting.
7. The weather became warmer.
8. His face turned red.
基本句型二主＋谓
此句型的句子有一个共同特色，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完好的意思。

这种动词叫做不及物动词，后边能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

ＳＶ（不及物动词）
1. Time flies.
2. The moon rose.
3. The man cooked.
4. We all eat and drink.
5. Everybody laughed.
6. I woke.
7. They talked for half an hour.
8. He walked yesterday .
is playing.
have gone.
基本句型三主＋谓＋宾
此句型句子的共同特色是：谓语动词都拥有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不可以表达完好的意思，一定跟有一个宾语，即动作的蒙受者，才能使意思完好。

这种动词叫做及物动词。

ＳＶ（实义动词）Ｏ( 宾语 )
1. Who knows the answer?
2. She laugh at her.
3. He understands English.
8. He made cakes.
5. They ate some apples.
6. Danny likes donuts.
7. I want to have a cup of tea.
4. He said "Good morning."
基本句型四主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾
此句型的句子有一个共同特色：谓语动词一定跟有两个宾语才能表达完好的意思。

这两个宾语一个是动作的直接蒙受者，另一个是动作的间接蒙受者。

往常这一间接蒙受者用一个介词来连结，当动作的间接蒙受者在动作的直接蒙受者以前时，这一介词常常被省略。

I give him a book.=I give a book to him .
My mother cooks me a big dinner.= My
mother cooks a big dinner for me.
常双（直接和接）的（分A、 B 两）
A：后加 to
give
show⋯⋯看
send 寄，打
bring ⋯⋯
pass ⋯⋯
lend 借⋯⋯
tell告⋯⋯
return把⋯⋯⋯
write⋯⋯写信
promise 答
B：后加 for
make 生，
buy
do 做
get 获得
play 演奏
order 命令
sing 唱歌
pay ⋯⋯交
基本句型五主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
此句型的句子的共同特色是：然是及物，可是只跟一个不可以表达完好的意思，必加上一个充成分来足，才能使意思完好。

主及物
1. We keep the table clean.
2. They painted the door green.
3. They call supper dinner.
4. They found the house dirty.
5. What makes him sad?
6. We saw him out.
7. He asked me to come back soon.
8. I saw them getting on the bus.
指出英语的基本句子构造。

work hard.
flower is dead.
need water.
gives me some seeds.
should keep the plants in the shade. animals live in trees.
kept me a dictionary.
I leave you the camera?
9.We find the book very interesting. uncle bought me an e-dictionary. makes me happy.
calls his cat Mimi .
must listen to her.
is a scientist.。