湖南省张家界市2021年中考英语真题试卷(含详细解析)

湖南省张家界市2021年中考英语真题试卷
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、完型填空
How do you get to school? Do you walk or ride a bike? Do you go by bus 1
by train? 2 many students, it is easy to get to school. But for the students in one small village in China, it is 3 . There is a very big 4 between their school and the village. There is no bridge and the river runs too 5 for boats. So these students go on a ropeway to 6 the river to school.
Many of the students and villagers never leave the village. It is their dream to have a bridge. Can their 7 come true?
1．A．or B．so C．but
2．A．In B．For C．At
3．A．difficult B．easy C．relaxing 4．A．library B．park C．river
5．A．quick B．quickly C．slow
6．A．cross B．across C．crossing 7．A．house B．dream C．village
What makes us ill? It is the germs（细菌）. 8 are everywhere. The are very 9 . You can’t find them with your eyes, but you can see them 10 a microscope （显微镜）. There could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.
Germs are always found in 11 water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see 12 . So your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water.
Germs are found not only in 13 . They are found 14 in air and dust（灰
germs would go into your finger. Then you will have much pain in it. Sometimes germs would go into all of your body, and you would have pain everywhere.
8．A．Germs B．Books C．Gardens
9．A．big B．small C．long
10．A．with B．to C．of
11．A．clean B．tidy C．dirty
12．A．them B．him C．they
13．A．food B．drink C．water 14．A．neither B．also C．too
15．A．cut B．check C．make
二、阅读单选
Welcome to Tomorrow Hotel
16．How many people can stay at the hotel?
A．55 B．120 C．128
17．What does the underlined word “charges” mean?
A．Reasons B．Costs C．Places
18．When is lunch time in Tomorrow Hotel?
A．6:00 a.m. B．7:00 p.m. C．No lunch served Hi, I’m Giorgio. I’m from Sicily. It’s a beautiful island in Italy. I live in a village on
The capital of Italy is Rome. It is a very old city full of famous buildings. St Peter’s is a very big and beautiful church（教堂）there.
Rome is very busy, but Milan is busier than Rome. It is in the north west of Italy. Do you know its famous football team? Milan has a population of 4 million people. People are busy working.
Venice is on the sea, and people use boats, not bicycles or buses for transport. Venice is beautiful, with lovely, old bridges and buildings by the water.
I’m happy on my island—and we have very good pizzas.
19．Where is Giorgio from?
A．Italy. B．India. C．England.
20．Rome is ________.
A．busier than Milan B．the capital of Italy C．famous for football 21．Milan has a population of ________.
A．4 million people B．5 million people C．6 million people 22．If you are in Venice, how will you go to school?
A．By boat. B．By bus C．By bike.
Potatoes were first grown in the Andes in South America. In 1586, they were taken to Europe by explorers(探险家). In 1719, they were taken to North America. Before 1719, nobody in North America had ever seen or eaten a potato. Today, each American eats more than 60 kilos of potatoes a year.
23．Where were potatoes first grown?
A．In North America.
B．In Europe.
C．In the Andes in South America.
24．Who took the potatoes in Europe?
A．Artists. B．Explorers. C．Doctors.
25．When were potatoes taken to North America?
A．In 1719. B．In 1586. C．In 1791.
26．How many potatoes does an American eat in one year today?
A．More than 55 kilos. B．More than 60 kilos. C．More than 65 kilos.
Two years later she went to a British military（军事的）hospital so that she could help British soldiers. Before she arrived, many soldiers died in the hospital because it was dirty. Nightingale worked hard to make the hospital clean and stop soldiers dying. When she returned to England in 1856, she was a national heroine. Nightingale wrote two books about nursing and she also started a school to train nurses. She died in London on August 13th, 1910, when she was 90 years old.
27．What was Florence Nightingale’s job?
A．A nurse. B．A soldier. C．An artist.
28．How many books did she write?
A．One. B．Two. C．Three.
29．Which of the following is NOT true about the article?
A．In 1851 she went to a British military hospital.
B．In 1856 she returned to England.
C．In 1910 she died in London.
30．What would be the best title for the article?
A．A British Soldier.
B．A British Military Hospital.
C．A Famous British Nurse.
三、阅读回答问题
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容回答问题。

Dear Mum and Dad,
I’m very happy to spend some time with Lingling’s uncle in Hunan province, and I’m having a wonderful time here in Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area. It’s very large, about 390 square kilometers, and it’s a magic land of mountains, forests and rivers. It’s famous for the strange shape of its all rocks.
Last night we camped by a small lake. During the night, I heard a loud noise, as if someone was laughing. I woke up Lingling and her uncle, and I asked them what the noise was. Lingling’s uncle told us not to worry, and left the tent to find out what it was. After a few minutes, he told us to come out quickly. Then he pointed into the forest. It was a monkey. When it saw us, it jumped up into the trees and went back into the forest.
Love,
Sally. 31．How large is Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area?
________________
32．What is it famous for?
________________
33．Where did they camp last night?
________________
34．According to the article, what animals will you probably see if you go there?
________________
35．Have you ever been to Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area?
________________
四、填写适当的句子补全对话
阅读下面对话，根据上下文补全对话内容。

A: You don’t look well 36．?
B: I have a sore throat.
A: 37．?
B: Yes. My temperature seems all right.
A: 38．?
B:I have been like this for three days.
A: Open your mouth and say “Ah”.
B:Ah!
A: You have caught a cold.
B: 39．?
A:You should take this medicine three times a day.Then you'll be OK
B: Thank you very much.
A: 40．.
五、材料作文
41．假如你是李华，你们班上打算举办关于“My Habits”的主题班会。

请你根据
要求∶
1.内容必须包括所提示信息，可适当发挥;
2.文中不能出现自己的真实姓名和学校名称;
3.不少于50词（文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。

Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua.
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___
That’s all. Thank you!
参考答案
1．A
2．B
3．A
4．C
5．B
6．A
7．B
【分析】
文章介绍了上学对很多学生来说很容易，但是对中国一个小村庄的学生来说非常困难，并介绍了他们上学的方式以及他们的梦想。

1．
句意：你乘公共汽车去还是乘火车去？
or或者；so因此；but但是；根据“Do you walk or ride a bike?”可知，此处也是两者之间表选择，应用or连接，故选A。

2．
句意：对许多学生来说，上学很容易。

In在……里面；For对于……来说；At在……点时；结合语境及“But for the students in one small village in China”可知，此处表达的是“对于很多学生来说”，应用介词for，故选B。

3．
句意：但是对于中国一个小村庄的学生来说，这很困难。

difficult困难的；easy容易的；relaxing令人放松的；根据“it is easy to get to school.”以及but 转折以及“There is a very big...the river to school.”可知，此处指的是“对于一个小村庄的学生来说，上学很难”，故选A。

4．
句意：他们的学校和村子之间有一条很宽的河。

library图书馆；park公园；river河流；根据“There is no bridge and the river”可知，学校和村子之间有条河，故选C。

5．
句意：河上没有桥，河水湍急，不适合划船。

quick快的；quickly块地；slow慢的；空格修饰动词要用副词，故选B。

6．
句意：所以这些学生就乘索道过河去上学。

cross越过，动词；across穿过，介词；crossing十字路口；空格前有to，其后接动词原形，表示穿过河流，故选A。

7．
句意：他们的梦想能实现吗？
house房子；dream梦想；village村庄；根据“It is their dream to have a bridge.”可知，此处指的是他们的梦想能实现吗，故选B。

8．A
9．B
10．A
11．C
12．A
13．C
14．B
15．A
【分析】
文章介绍了细菌都会在生活中哪里会被发现以及细菌对人类的危害。

8．
句意：细菌无处不在。

Germs细菌；Books书；Gardens花园；根据“What makes us ill? It is the germs（细菌）. ”可知，此处说的是细菌无处不在，故选A。

9．
句意：它们很小。

big大的；small小的；long长的；根据“You can’t find them with your eyes”可知，细菌是非常小的，故选B。

10．
句意：你用眼睛找不到它们，但你可以用显微镜看到它们。

with用；to朝，向；of……的；根据“a microscope”可知，此处指的是用显微镜能看到细菌，故选A。

11．
句意：在脏水里总能发现细菌。

clean干净的；tidy整洁的；dirty脏的；根据“When we look at dirty water under the microscope”可知，此处指的是在脏水里能发现细菌，故选C。

12．
句意：当我们在显微镜下观察脏水时，我们会看到它们。

them它们，宾格；him他；they它们，主格；空格作动词的宾语，应用宾格；此处指代的是前面提到的复数名词Germs，应用them代替，故选A。

13．
句意：细菌不仅存在于水中。

food食物；drink饮料；water水；根据“Germs are always found in...water.”可知，这里说的是细菌不仅存在于水中，故选C。

14．
句意：它们也存在于空气和灰尘中。

neither两者都不；also也，用于肯定句句中；too也，用于肯定句句末；根据“Germs are found not only in...”可知，此处表达的是“也”，肯定句句中用also，故选B。

15．
句意：当你割伤手指时，如果地板上的灰尘进入伤口，一些细菌就会进入你的手指。

cut切，割；check检查；make制作；根据“if some dust from the floor goes into the cut”可知，此处说的是如果切到手指，故选A。

16．C
17．B
18．C
【分析】
文章是对明天旅店的广告介绍，包括基础设施、价格以及餐饮情况等。

16．
细节理解题。

根据“Facilities”中的信息“128 beds”可知，这个旅店能住128人，故选C。

17．
词义猜测题。

根据对应表格的信息“●Under 18 ¥55 ● Adults ¥120”可知，这是价格，所以单词“Charges”指的是“价格，费用”，故选B。

18．
推理判断题。

根据“Meal Time”中的信息“● Breakfast at 7:30a.m.● Dinner 5:30p.m. —7:00p.m.”可知，没有提到午餐的时间，说明该旅店可能没有提供午餐，故选C。

19．A
20．B
21．A
22．A
【分析】
文章主要是介绍意大利的几个城市的情况。

19．
细节理解题。

根据“Hi, I’m Giorgio. I’m from Sicily. It’s a beautiful island in Italy.”可知，Giorgio 来自意大利，故选A。

20．
细节理解题。

根据“The capital of Italy is Rome.”可知，罗马是意大利的首都，故选B。

21．
细节理解题。

根据“Milan has a population of 4 million people.”可知，米兰有400万人口。

故选A。

22．
细节理解题。

根据“Venice is on the sea, and people use boats, not bicycles or buses for transport.”可知，威尼斯在海上，人们用船，而不是自行车或公共汽车来运输。

故选A。

23．C
24．B
25．A
26．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，文章讲述的是土豆最开始种植在南美的安第斯山脉。

后来被带到欧洲和北美。

现在一个美国人一年吃超过60千克的土豆。

23．
细节理解题。

根据“Potatoes were first grown in the Andes in South America”可知土豆最开始种植在南美的安第斯山脉。

故选C。

24．
细节理解题。

根据“ In 1586, they were taken to Europe by explorers”可知探险家把土豆带到欧洲。

故选B。

25．
细节理解题。

根据“In 1719, they were taken to North America”可知在1719年，土豆被带到北美。

故选A。

26．
细节理解题。

根据“Today, each American eats more than 60 kilos of potatoes a year”一个美国人一年吃超过60千克的土豆。

故选B。

27．A
28．B
29．A
30．C
【分析】
本文主要介绍了著名的英国护士——佛罗伦萨·南丁格尔。

27．
细节理解题。

根据“In 1851 she trained as a nurse.”可知，南丁格尔是一名护士。

故选A。

28．
细节理解题。

根据“Nightingale wrote two books about nursing and she also started a school to train nurses.”可知，南丁格尔写了两本书。

故选B。

29．
推理判断题。

根据“ In 1851 she trained as a nurse. Two years later she went to a British military hospital so that she could help British soldiers.”可知，1851她接受了护士培训，两年后她去了
英国军队医院，A选项表述有误。

故选A。

30．
最佳标题题。

阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了著名的英国护士南丁格尔的事迹。

故选C。

31．It’s about 390 square kilometers.
32．It’s famous for the strange shape of its all rocks.
33．They camped by a small lake.
34．Monkeys./I(We) will probably see monkeys.
35．Yes./No.
【分析】
文章作者写信给父母介绍了自己在湖南和玲玲的叔叔度过的美好时光以及游览的情况。

31．
根据“I’m having a wonderful time here in Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area. It’s very large, about 390 square kilometers”可知，武陵源风景名胜区约390平方公里，故填It’s about 390 square kilometers.
32．
根据“It’s famous for the strange shape of its all rocks.”可知，它以岩石的奇形怪状而闻名。

故填It’s famous for the strange shape of its all rocks.
33．
根据“Last night we camped by a small lake.”可知，昨晚他们在湖边露营，故填They camped by a small lake.
34．
根据“Then he pointed into the forest. It was a monkey. When it saw us, it jumped up into the trees and went back into the forest.”可知，在那里露营可能会看到猴子，故填Monkeys./I(We) will probably see monkeys.
35．
我去过武陵源风景名胜区，那里风景很美；我没有去过武陵源风景名胜区；故填Yes./No.
36．What’s wrong with you?/What’s the matter with you?/What’s the trouble with you?
37．Did you take your temperature?/Have you taken your temperature?
38．How long have you been like this?
39．What should I do?
40．You’re welcome.
【分析】
这则对话A看到B身体不舒服，询问B怎么了。

B讲述喉咙不舒服，体温正常，A询问症状持续的时间，并让B张嘴检查，认为B得了感冒，然后建议B吃药一天三次。

36．
根据“I have a sore throat” B讲述喉咙不舒服，可知A询问B怎么了。

故填What’s wrong with you?/What’s the matter with you?/What’s the trouble with you?
37．
根据“Yes”可知是一般疑问句，根据“My temperature seems all right”可知B讲述自己的体温正常，可知A询问B是否测了体温。

故填Did you take your temperature?/Have you taken your temperature?
38．
根据“I have been like this for three days”B讲述这种情况持续了三天，可知A 询问B像这样有多长时间。

故填How long have you been like this?
39．
根据“You have caught a cold”及“You should take this medicine three times a day”A说B得了感冒，需要吃这种药一天三次，可知B询问的是他应该做什么。

故填What should I do?
40．
根据“Thank you very much”B表示感谢，A回答应该表达“不客气”。

故填You’re welcome. 41．One possible version:
Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. Today I want to talk about my habits. I have a lot of good habits.
I always exercise and read books every day. Also, I often drink juice. However, I have some bad habits, too. I usually watch TV for more than two hours a day, and I often eat hamburgers for dinner. My parents are not happy because I never help with housework.
That’s all. Thank you!
【详解】
1. 题干解读：题目要求根据提示词语和提示要点，描述自己的习惯，包括好习惯和坏习惯等，写作时要运用正确的英语表达，要选用恰当的词汇和短语。

2. 写作指导：写作时要紧扣主题，用第一人称来写作，时态以一般现在时为主，要做到要点齐全，无单词拼写和语法错误。