高一英语阅读理解(社会文化)解题技巧及练习题及解析

高一英语阅读理解(社会文化)解题技巧及练习题及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
I travel a lot, and I find out different "styles"(风格)of directions every time I ask " How can I get to the post office?"
Foreign tourists are often confused(困惑的)in Japan because most streets there don't have names. In Japan, people use landmarks(地标)in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, " Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop."
In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat. In many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, " Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.
People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map. They measure distance in time, not miles. " How far away is the post office?" you ask. " Oh," they answer, " it's about five minutes from here." You say, " Yes, but how many miles is it?" They don't know.
It's true that a person doesn't know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, " Sorry, I have no idea." But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers " I don't know". People in Yucatan believe that "I don't know" is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!
（1）When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place, they usually _______.
A.describe the place carefully
B.show him a map of the place
C.tell him the names of the streets
D.refer to recognizable buildings and places
（2）What is the place where people measure distance in time?
A.New York.
B.Los Angles.
C.Kansas
D.Lowa.
（3）People inYucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer ________.
A.in order to save time
B.as a test
C.so as to be polite
D.for fun
（4）What can we infer from the text?
A.It's important for travelers to understand cultural differences.
B.It's useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.
C.People have similar understanding of politeness.
D.New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者围绕不同国家回答问路的风格，介绍了不同国度的不同文化。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Foreign tourists are often confused（困惑的）in Japan because most streets there don't have names. In Japan, people use landmarks（地标）in their directions instead of str eet names.”可知在日本通常是用地标指路。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles.”可知，在洛杉矶用走一段路用多少时间来指路。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers‘I don't know.’People in Yucatan believe that ‘I don't know’ is impolite.”可推断，因尤卡坦人可能会给游客一个错误的答案的目的是为了礼貌。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“I find out different ‘styles’ of directions every time I ask ‘How can I get to the post office?’" 以及下文举例说明可知，作者围绕回答问路的风格，介绍了不同国度的不同文化。

因此推断作者说明了对旅行者来说了解不同地方的文化差异很重要。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
A music festival is a community event focusingon live performances of singing and instrument playing that is often presentedwith a theme. On the list are the music festivals for fans around the world.Find your favorite now!
Field Day
January 1, 2018. Sydney
Field Pay means New Year's Day for young peoplein Sydney. Seen as the city's original multi－stage party,, it's a gathering of friends comingtogether for a great fun - filled first day of the year. There's an air of hopeand positive energy on a perfect summer's day.
The Envision Festival
February 22 – 25, 2018, Uvita
The Envision Festival is an annual gathering inCosta Rica that aims to provide an opportunityfor different cultures to work with one another to create a better community.The festival encourages people to practice art, music, dance performances, andeducation. Meanwhile, our connection with nature is expected to bestrengthened.
The McDowell Mountain Music Festival
March 2 - 4, 2018, Phoenix
The McDowell Mountain Music Festival is Phoenix、musicalcelera ,on of community culture. Since its founding in 2004 f it is the only100% non – profit music festival designed to support, entertain and educate thecommunity. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year from aroundthe country, and it is an opportunity to experience true culture.
The Old Settler's Music Festival
April 19 - 22, 2018, Dale
The Old Settler's Music Festival is a nationallyknown music festival for American music. The festival is held in the country ofTexas at the height of the wild flower season. The Old Settler's Music Festivaloffers great music and activities for the whole family.
（1）In which city can people enjoy a fun New Year's Day?
A. Phoenix
B. Uvita.
C. Sydney
D. Dale
（2）What is special about the McDowell Mountain Music Festival?
A. It encourages people to receive education.
B. It is not aimed at making money.
C. It provides an opportunity for friend gathering.
D. It focuses on cultural exchanges.
（3）Which festivals are connected with nature?
A. Field Day and the Envision Festival.
B. The Envision Festival and the McDowell Mountain Music Festival.
C. The Old Settler's Music Festival and the McDowll McDowell Mountain Music Festival.
D. The Envision Festival and the Old Settler's Music Festival.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地的四个受欢迎的音乐节：讲述了节日举行的时间和节日特色。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Field Day部分中的“Field Pay means New Year's Day for young people in Sydney.”可知，Field Day对于年轻人来说意味着新年，因此人们在悉尼能够享受有趣的新年。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据The McDowell Mountain Music Festival部分中的“Since its founding in 2004 f it is the only 100% non - profit music festival designed to support, entertain and educate the community.”可知，自从建立以来，这个节日一直是非盈利的音乐节。

因此推断它的目的不是赚钱。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据The Envision Festival部分中的“Meanwhile, our connection with nature is expected to be strengthened.”和The Old Settler's Music Festival部分提到的“The festival is held in the country of Texas at the height of the wild flower season.”可知，这两个音乐节与大自然有关。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
The influence of America is increasing in my country. Spanish people drink Coca Cola, wear blue jeans, watch Hollywood movies, listen to American music, and eat fast food, and they do these things every day.
I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture because people are often influenced by what they see in the movies. Most of the programs and documentaries(记录片) we watch on TV are from America, and most of the movies we go to see are made in Hollywood.
In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in Europe.
American culture is a part of Spanish life now. It's certain that many things from America are as much a part of people's lives as Spanish things. For example, Coca Cola is as familiar to everybody as any typical Spanish product. I've known about Coca Cola for my whole life.
However, it's different with Western fast food. For example, I don't think McDonald's is as successful in Spain as it is in other countries. In my opinion, one of the reasons may be the lifestyle of the Spanish people, The Spanish people normally eat at home.
On the other hand, maybe McDonald's hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas. It's true that in every city in Spain you can find a McDonald's, and it is more popular among the Spanish children than among the adults. In any case, it's obvious that American culture is becoming more and more a part of our lives every day.
（1）From the first paragraph we can know that .
A. the influence of America on Spain can be found everywhere.
B. most Spanish people don't like to listen to their own music,
C. fast food spreads from Spain to the United States.
D. some Spanish actors go to America to improve their acting skills.
（2）What plays an important part in the spreading of American culture in Spain?
A. American novels.
B. Hollywood movies.
C. McDonald.
D. American music.（3）Why did the government set some rules for the films shown in Spain?
A. To protect foreign culture in Spain.
B. To earn more money from Spanish films.
C. To limit the number of foreign movie.
D. To unite European Communities.
（4）What do you think Spanish tapas might be?
A. The name of a drink.
B. The name of a restaurant.
C. A clothing brand.
D. A certain kind of food.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了美国对作者家乡西班牙有很大的影响，美国人的饮食习惯。

穿着习惯和生活习惯都极大影响了西班牙人。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第一段可知，到处都可以发现美国对西班牙的影响。

选A。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture”可知，故答案选B。

(3)考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other cou ntries in Europe.”可推断出，西班牙政府给在西班牙上演的电影制定一些规则是为了限制外国电影的数量，保护西班牙的电影。

选C。

(4)考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“On the other hand, maybe McDonald's hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas.”可知，或许麦当劳的汉堡将最终取代著名的西班牙tapas，由此可推断tapas指西班牙的一种食品。

选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并进一步根据上下文进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Uncover a magical mix of new and unforgettable experiences when you add theme park admission.
Item 1: An all-New Lana and Evening Show at Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme pork
Bury yourself in the magic of nature like never before at Pandora-The World of Avatar. Visit this destination to start innovative(革新的) travel and enjoy themed dining and shopping opportunities. And at night, treat your sense to Rivers of Light – an incredible mixture of water, sound and light!
Item 2: Dazzling New Shows at Magic Kingdom Park
Get ready to wonder at Once Upon a Time, a new night projection show that brings Cinderella Castle to life with projections of beloved Disney scenes and characters. In addition, catch the impressive Happily Ever After ninth when it is performed for the first time on May 12, 2017.
Item 3: Attractive Escapades at Epcot
Board an ancient Norwegian ship and go to the kingdom of Arendelle during a Frozen Ever After adventure. Then, stop by the Royal Sommerhus to meet Anna and Elsa—and maybe even start a warm hug. Longing for an air adventure? Take flight on the re-imagine Soarin' and feel as though you're flying above some of the earth's most surprising landmarks and landscapes.
Item 4: Epic Entertainment at Disney's Hollywood Studios
Catch excellent stage shows like Beauty and the Beast—Live on Stage, have fun playing virtual games on Toy Story Mania! , and wrap up your day with Star Wars: A Galactic Spectacular, a laser and special effects show set to an iconic musical score.
Serious Shopping, One-of-a-Kind Eateries and World-Class Acts at Disney Springs.
Discover a waterfront destination filled with more than 150 places to shop, dine and be entertained—including brand name stores, restaurants with rooftop rooms and the only place in the world to see Cirque du Soleil TM La Nouba.
（1）What do Item I and Item 4 have in common?
A. Dining and shopping.
B. Adventure and dining.
C. Shopping and performance.
D. Shopping and adventure.
（2）Where can visitors find a castle?
A. At Epcot.
B. At Magic Kingdom Park.
C. At Disney's Hollywood Studios.
D. At Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme Park.
（3）How can visitors arrive at the kingdom of Arendelle?
A. By air.
B. On foot.
C. By ship.
D. By train.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍主题公园的特点。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据Item 1: An all-New Lana and Evening Show at Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme pork部分中的“and enjoy themed dining and shopping opportunities.”和Item 4: Epic Entertainment at Disney's Hollywood Studios部分中的“Discover a waterfront destination filled with more than 150 places to shop, dine and be e ntertained”由此可知，Item I和 Item 4 都涉及到了Dining 和shopping.故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据Item 2: Dazzling New Shows at Magic Kingdom Park部分中的“Get ready to wonder at Once Upon a Time, a new night projection show that brings Cinderella Castle to life with projections of belove d Disney scenes and characters.”可知，人们在Magic Kingdom Park.能找到一个城堡。

故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。

根据Item 3: Attractive Escapades at Epcot部分中的“Board an ancient Norwegian ship and go to the kingdom of Arendelle during a Frozen Ever After adventure”.可知，游客坐船可以到the kingdom of Arendelle。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
It's not a new phenomenon, but have you noticed how many nouns are being used as verbs? We all use them, often without noticing what we're doing.
I was arranging to meet someone for dinner last week, and I said "I'll pencil it in my diary", and my friend said "You can ink it in", meaning that it was a firm arrangement not a tentative one!
Many of these new verbs are linked to new technology. An obvious example is the word fax. We all got used to sending and receiving faxes, and then soon started talking about faxing something and promising we'd fax it immediately. Then along came email, and we were soon all emailing each other madly. How did we do without it? I can hardly imagine life without my daily emails.
Email reminds me, of course, of my computer and its software, which has produced another couple of new verbs. On my computer I can bookmark those pages from the World Wide Web that I think I'll want to look at again, thus saving all the effort of remembering their addresses and
calling them up from scratch. I can do the same thing on my PC, but there I don't bookmark; I favorite—coming from "favorite pages", so the verb comes from an adjective not a noun.
Now my children bought me a mobile phone, known simply as a mobile and I had to learn yet more new verbs. I can message someone, that is, I can leave a message for them on their phone. Or I can text them, write a few words suggesting when and where to meet, for example. How long will it be before I can mobile them, that is, phone them using my mobile? I haven't heard that verb yet, but I'm sure I will soon. Perhaps I'll start using it myself!
（1）"I'll pencil it in my diary" in the second paragraph probably means .
A.it was a firm arrangement
B.he prefers a pencil to a pen
C.the arrangement should be written as a diary
D.it was an uncertain arrangement
（2）A website address can be easily found if it has been______.
A.favorited
B.messaged
C.emailed
D.texted
（3）Which of the following has not been used as a verb yet?
A.message
B.mobile
C.email
D.page
（4）The best title for this passage is____.
A.Technology and Language.
B.Development of the English language
C.New Technology and New words
D.New Verbs from Nouns
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过多个例子告诉我们很多名词都已经转换成了动词。

说明词汇是并不断的在变化。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“meaning that it was a firm arrangemen t not a tentative one!”用铅笔写意为着不是最终的决定，只是临时的决定，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“I favorite—coming from ‘favorite pages’, so the verb is derived from an adjective not a noun.”我把这些网站设置成我最喜欢的网站，通过这种方法可以让我很快就找到这些网站。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“and we were soon all emailing each other madly. ”；第四段中的“I favorite—coming from ‘favorite pages’, so the verb is derived from an adjective not a noun.”；以及最后一段中的“I can message someone”, 说明ACD都可以作为动词，只有B项
文章没有提及可以作为动词，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文通过多个例子告诉我们很多名词都已经转换成了动词，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Spending Christmas in a foreign country can be a truly eye-opening experience, especially since it's easy to believe that as a worldwide festival, most countries probably celebrate it in a fairly similar manner. Being from the UK, Christmas for me means spending time with family and friends, exchanging presents, eating and drinking, and, of course, hiding from the cold. In Colombia, however, Christmas is viewed much more as a time which devotes itself to religion.
With celebrations beginning on 7 December, Columbia is recognized as having the longest Christmas celebrations period in the world. The celebrations generally begin in the evening with the lighting of candles, either in the streets, parks or outside people's homes. Cities are lit up by candles, as this day marks the beginning of the Christmas period. Although decorations have been up since early November, another tradition in Colombia is that during the nine days before Christmas, family members and friends meet up to pray, sing songs and share traditional foods at home.
Probably the biggest surprise for me has been the music people listen to during the Christmas period. At first, you could easily mistake these songs for the classic salsa, which is played all year round. However, after asking a Colombian if it really felt like Christmas music, they explained to me that the songs are loved more for the memories they symbolize than for the way they sound, and that Colombia has been through so many dark periods in history, it was important to hold on to the good memories of years gone past.
Being in a country like Colombia during this festive period has taught me that you don't need to be religious to take part in these Christmas traditions.
（1）What's the authors opinion of Christmas?
A.It isn't a global festival.
B.It isn't a time for being alone.
C.It is mainly devoted to religion.
D.It's celebrated only in some places.
（2）What can we learn about the Christmas music?
A.It is celebrated in the same way as in the UK.
B.It is celebrated mainly as a religious festival.
C.It is celebrated for nine days or so.
D.It is celebrated with lanterns and fireworks.
（3）What do Colombians do during the Christmas celebration period?
A.Enjoy traditional foods.
B.Go to the church together.
C.Learn abut home decorations.
D.Have a one-month-long holiday.
（4）Colombians love the songs mainly because ______.
A.they sound extremely wonderful
B.they express best wishes for the future
C.they represent good memories of the past
D.they have been passed down for generations
【答案】（1）B
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在哥伦比亚圣诞节的意义及人们的庆祝方式。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Being from the UK, Christmas for me means spending time with family and friends, exchanging presents, eating and drinking, and, of course, hiding from the cold.”可知在作者眼里，圣诞节意味着与家人和朋友共度时光，交换礼物，吃喝玩乐。

圣诞节是团聚的时间不是独处的时间。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“In Colombia, however, Christmas is viewed much more as a time which devotes itself to religion.”可知在哥伦比亚，圣诞节更多的是作为宗教节日被庆祝的，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“another tradition in Colombia is that during the nine days before Christmas, family members and friends meet up to pray, sing songs and share traditional foods at h ome. ”可知在哥伦比亚，家人和朋友团聚祈祷，唱歌，共享传统食物。

故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“the songs are loved more for the memories they symbolize than for the way they sound, and that Colombia has been through so many dark periods in history, it was important to hold on to the good memo ries of years gone past.”可知哥伦比亚圣诞音乐让人喜爱是因为它们所象征的记忆，是要保持对过去岁月的美好记忆。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Going back to school can be an anxious time for many students. But one institution in Texas is doing its part to make sure middle schoolers are returning refreshed and inspired to learn. Through a process called the "bathroom inspiration project," teachers and administrators at Warren Middle School, spent their summer beautifying the school's restrooms by painting motivational murals (壁画) on each of the stalls (小隔间).Forming messages like "Your mistakes don't define you" and "Scatter (撒播) kindness," the brightly colored words are exactly what a young student needs to see when having a rough day-or any school day for that matter. And now
that classes are officially in session, people are already noticing a positive impact.
Since posting photos of upgrades to the school in July, Principal Joshua Garcia says that the alterations have aroused a great response.
"Students have been talking about the murals from the moment the pictures had been posted. Some even took the time to find a reason to come up to the campus to see the murals," he says. "I think what makes this small little action so valuable is that it has set the tone for our campus." And not only is that important to students, parents, and fellow staff, but it is also vital for the school's new principal, who is trying to gain the trust of the community during a time in which trust is so necessary for schools.
"Being new to the campus, I think the parents were able to see how much I value their children and have their best interest at heart," Garcia continues. "I have had many parents tell me how they can just feel a difference in the campus climate and how much they are enjoying seeing their children wanting to come here. These murals have put trust back in the campus and its teachers, and by doing so we are able to build a culture in which our students want to be here and learn."（1）What has happened at Warren Middle School?
A.Painting has become popular among most students.
B.Some students have suffered great anxiety at school.
C.Its toilets have been beautified with inspiring words.
D.Motivational murals have been made in each classroom.
（2）What does the underlined word "alterations" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Rules
B.Arguments
C.Changes
D.Opportunities
（3）What's students and parents' attitude toward those murals?
A.Negative
B.Ambiguous
C.Uninterested
D.Supportive
（4）What does Garcia intend to do according to the text?
A.Reduce increasing anxiety.
B.Build an artistic atmosphere.
C.Create a trusting environment.
D.Introduce a new culture to society.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，德克萨斯州的一所中学绘制卫生间文化墙，用正能量的语言激励学生，从而获得学生和家长的一致好评。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Through a process called the‘bathroom inspiration
project,’ teachers a nd administrators at Warren Middle School, spent their summer beautifying the school's restrooms by painting motivational murals on each of the stalls Forming messages like ‘Your mistakes don't define you’and‘Scatter kindness,’"可知，该中学用励志语言美化了卫生间的每一个小隔间。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“doing its part to make sure middle schoolers are returning refreshed and inspired to learn,”以及本段划线单词前面的Since posting photos of upgrades to the school和后面的have aroused a great response 可推知，该校别具一格的特色改变引起了大家的关注。

故alterations在此意为“改变”。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Students have been talking about the murals from the moment the pictures had been posted. Some even took the time to find a reason to come up to the campus to see the murals ”以及最后一段中的“I have had many parents tell me how they can just feel a difference in the campus climate and how much they are enjoying seeing their children wanting to come here ”可推知，学生和家长对学校的这一举措持支持态度。

故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“it is also vital for the school's new principal, who is trying to gain the trust of the community during a time in which trust is so necessary or schools”以及最后一段中Garcia所说的“These murals have put trust back in the campus ”可推知，校长Garcia希望创建一个家长对学校充满信任的大环境。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Nobel prize winners sometimes display as much uniqueness when deciding how to spend their prize money as they did on the work that won them the award in the first place.
When Sir Paul Nurse won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2001, he decided to upgrade his motorbike. A fellow winner in 1993, Richard Roberts, installed a croquet lawn in front of his house. Austrian author Elfriede Jelinek, who won in 2004, said the prize meant "financial independence."
Lars Heikensten, executive director of the Nobel Foundation, said there were no obvious shopping trends among winners.
"I think it depends a lot on which country they come from, their personal finances... what kind of incomes they have when they get the prize," he said.
Real estate, however, is a popular option, at least among those willing to reveal what they spend the money on. Phillip Sharp, the American co-winner of the 1993 medicine prize, decided to splash out on a 100-year-old Federal style house. "I took that money and bought a little bit bigger house... It's a beautiful old place," he told AFP(法新社), adding that "The money is a nice part of the process", but "the important thing about the prize is the recognition."
For winners of the peace prize the decision is often more clear-cut, as the honor tends to go to politicians, organizations and activists who are under more public supervision. Many, like US
President Barack Obama in 2009 and the European Union in 2012, donate to charities.
Literature winners tend to be more private about how they use the money, but the choice is often equally straightforward. "Even if Nobel-winning authors are quite well known, many of them will not have made much money from writing," said Anna Gunder, a Nobel literature expert at Uppsala University. While the prize might keep the wolf from the door for some years, giving them freedom to write, it can also briefly have the opposite effect. "It really changes their careers… During the first year after they've won they often write less, but they generally continue after a year or two," said Gunder.
（1）From the passage, we learn that ______.
A. The money is actually the best part of the Nobel Prize
B. Nobel winners have great originality in using prize money
C. Few winners would spend their prize money on houses
D. Winners become more independent on their country
（2）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase "clear-cut" in paragraph 6?
A. open
B. private
C. unique
D. complex
（3）According to the passage, in the first year after winning Noble Prize, literature winners may .
A. become less productive
B. make more money from writing
C. have the freedom to create more and better works
D. disappear from the public eyes for a period of time
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者在决定如何花他们的奖金时展现出很多的独特性。

比如，房产就是众多诺贝尔奖获得者喜欢投资的方向。

作者还提到了诺贝尔和平奖获得者对奖金的花费更公开，而文学家获得者对奖金的花费更私人化。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知，诺贝尔奖获得者在决定如何花他们的奖金时展现出很多的独特性。

originality"独创性，创造性"，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第六段中的“For winners of the peace prize the decision is often more clear-cut, as the honor tends to go to politicians, organizations and activists who are under more public supervision. ”诺贝尔和平奖得主的奖金如何用的决定通常会更清晰，公开。

因为和平奖通常会由政治家、组织及活动家获得，而他们通常处在更多的公众监管之下。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"During the first year after they've won they often write less,..."可知在获得诺贝尔奖之后的第一年，作家作品会少一些。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解
Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身)，nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can't judge a book by its cover, yet people do "cover" themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees, because those people represent the companies to their customers.
As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can't expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.
（1）Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion according to Paragraph 2?
A. People's appearances can messages about themselves.
B. Customers' choices influence dress standards in companies.
C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.
D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.
（2）What can be inferred from the text?
A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.
B. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.
C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.
D. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.
（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Personal Choices Matter
B. Appearances Matter
C. Employees Matter
D. Hiring Managers Matter
（4）The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described .
A. negative
B. positive
C. enthusiastic
D. sympathetic
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了公司职员的着装是否得体不只代表个人还代。