(英语)高二英语阅读理解(教育文化)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)含解析

（英语）高二英语阅读理解(教育文化)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)含解析
一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类
1．阅读理解
Dear Mom,
The big question which shocked parents often ask their child after a confrontational(冲突) moment is, "Where did you get this attitude from?" I know you hate to admit it, but I get much of my determined and strong-willed nature from you.
Mom, I know it's hard dealing with the teenage anxiety and the ever-changing moods that come with raising a child. But you should also marvel at the fact that I've made it this far, that I'm healthy and happy.
When I was small, I would attend barbecues and family events and wander away from my parents. It wouldn't be long before someone would stop me to ask whether I was my mother's daughter.
"Your mom is Melissa," they'd say, a warm smile on their faces. "Is that Tight?" I would nod. I think parents feel much hurt when their child talks back or defies them, I was shocked at this statement. To me, I acted nothing like you, Mom.
No one says, "I know you're Melissa's daughter because of your eyes and nose". It's the character traits(特点)that seal the deal. Dry wit, intelligence, and yes, maybe a little bit of attitude-these are the things I am grateful I have received from you. There's nothing wrong with having attitude.
Like for most black individuals, attitude is what defines you and me, and it's what keeps us from being mentally oppressed and defeated. Attitude is a non-violent form of protection and confrontation-where would we be in the world without this tool? Surely not where we are.
Mom, when people ask me where I get my attitude from, I tell them: you. And when they ask me where I got my drive, my work ethic, my good hair, and my sense of humor, I say you as well. I will always say this.
When I'm asked why I am the way I am, why I refuse to allow others to hurt me with their words or actions and why I think and speak about things openly and without fear. I'll tell them it's because of you.
I'll complain to you about the arguments between us that leave me wondering about how God made us so much alike that we hardly even noticed. But I'll tell them about you.
Love,
Malahni （1）In this letter, Malahni mainly expressed her to her mother.
plaint
B.love
C.argument
D.anxiety
（2）People recognized Malahni as Melissa's daughter mainly because of her .
A.appearance
B.behavior
C.character traits
D.race
（3）The underlined word "defies" in the 4th paragraph most probably means .
A.refuses to obey
B.agrees with
C.takes pride in
D.tries to understand
（4）Malahni can be a woman .
A.easy to be oppressed and defeated
B.hard to get along with
C.with a positive attitude towards life
D.with violent confrontation
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了作者母亲对于作者的人生态度的影响。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“I know you hate to admit it, but I get much of my determined and strong-willed nat ure from you.”我知道你不愿意承认这一点，但我从你身上学到了很多我的坚强意志；以及倒数第二段中的“When I'm asked why I am the way I am, why I refuse to allow others to hurt me with their words or actions and why I think and speak about things openly and without fear. I'll tell them it's because of you.”当我被问及为什么我是现在的我，为什么我拒绝让别人用他们的言语或行动伤害我，为什么我公开地、毫无畏惧地思考和谈论事情。

我会告诉他们是因为你。

可推知在这封信中，Malahni主要表达了她对母亲的爱。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“It's the character traits that seal the deal. Dry wit, intelligence, and yes, maybe a little bit of attitude-these are the things I am grateful I have received from you. There's nothing wrong with having attitude.”是性格特征让他们达成了共识。

机智、智慧，是的，也许还有一点态度——这些是我从你那里得到的东西，我很感激。

态度并没有错。

可知人们认出Malahni是Melissa的女儿主要是因为她的性格特点。

故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“parents feel much hurt when their child talks back or”可知父母在他们的孩子顶嘴或反抗他们时感到很受伤，故划线单词意思为“反抗；拒绝服从”故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“But you should also marvel at the fact that I've made it this far, that I'm healthy and happy.”但你也应该惊讶于我已经走了这么远，我很健康，很快乐。

以及下文Malahni说明自己如何用自己的态度来使自己免于精神上的压迫和失败，可推知Malahni是一个对生活有积极态度的女人。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出
正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Recently, people in the US education have got extremely worried because a new report has shown that American students have a maths problem.
The 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment(评估)(PISA) shows maths scores in the US getting lower and no improvement in science or reading. PISA tests 15-year-olds from different countries and regions in their maths, science and reading skills. About 540,000 students from 72 countries and regions took part in the assessment in 2015.
US scores in reading and science were about the same as three years ago, leaving Americans near the middle of the bigger group. But the situation in maths is much more worrying. The US average score was 470,below the OECD(经合组织) test average of 490,meaning the US was No.40 among the 72 countries and areas. It was 12 points lower than in 2012 and 18 points lower than in 2009. So, what is going on with American students' maths skills?
One reason may be that the US does not teach maths in enough depth." Students are often good at answering the first part of a problem in the United States," said Andreas Schleicher, director of education and skills at OECD." But as soon as students have to go deeper and answer the more complicated part of a problem, they have difficulties." In comparison, many high-performing countries and regions in maths teach a lot less but focus in much greater depth, especially when you look at East Asia, Japan and Singapore, according to Schleicher.
Another reason may be the fact that many people in the US are unwilling to travel to foreign countries to learn better teaching practices." One of our biggest challenges in the US is that the teachers are not going out and seeing what high-performing countries do differently," said Wendy Kopp, who started Teach for America ,in a news programme.
（1）When it comes to the 2015 PISA results, people in the US education are more concerned about .
A. the US average score
B. the differences from the previous PISA
C. American students' performance in maths
D. American students' situation in science and reading skills
（2）What can we learn from the passage?
A.American students are not interested in simple maths problems.
B.American students are unwilling to go abroad for further study.
C.American maths teachers envy high-performing countries better teaching skills.
D.American maths teachers seldom teach students how to solve complicated problems.
（3）What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To inform people of American students' 2015 PISA results.
B.To analyse the causes of American students' problems with maths.
C.To stress the importance of learning maths well to America students.
D.To give American maths teachers some advice on how to teach maths.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2015年PISA评估结果显示美国学生的数学
成绩较之以前有明显下降,进而分两方面阐述了造成这一结果的原因。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Recently, people in the US education have got extremely worried because a new report has shown that American students have a maths problem.”可知美国的教育界人士最近非常担心的是美国学生在数学上的表现,“a new report”
指的正是下文的2015年的PISA,故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“One reason may be that the US does not teach maths
in enough depth.”可知美国的数学教学深度不够,导致；以及“But as soon as students have to
go deeper and answer the more complicated part of a problem, they have difficulties.”美国学生
在复杂问题的求解上有很大的困难。

故选D。

（3）考查主旨大意。

由PISA评估引出问题“…what is going on with American students’ maths skills?”,美国学生的数学技能怎么样了?接着下文的两段分别列出了“One reason…”和“Another reason…”,分析了美国学生在数学上出现问题的原因,故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
In order to learn a foreign language well, four things are necessary. First, we must understand
the language when we hear it spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves, with confidence and without hesitation(犹豫). Thirdly, we must do much reading. Finally, we must be
able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are correct in grammar.
There are no shortcuts to success in language learning. A good memory is a great help, but it is
not enough only to memorize the rules from a grammar book. It is not much learning by heart
long lists of words and their meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using
the language.
If we are pleased with a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language.
We must "learn through use." Practice is important. We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever we can.
（1）The most important things to learn a foreign language are .
A. understanding and speaking
B. Listening, speaking, reading and writing
C. writing and understanding
D. memorizing and listening
（2）Someone hears and writes English very well, but he speaks it very badly. This is because .
A.he doesn't understand the language when he hears it spoken
B.he doesn't have a good memory
C.he always remembers lists of words and their meanings
D.he often hesitates(犹豫)to practise speaking it
（3）One can never learn a foreign language well by .
A.doing much practice
B.studying the dictionary
C.learning through use
ing the language
（4）Which is the most important in learning a foreign language?
A.good memory.
B.Speaking.
C.Practice.
D.Writing.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学习一门语言的基本方法和根本方法。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”In order to know a foreign language thoroughly（完全地），four things are necessary.“为了完全了解一门外语，要做好四个方面的准备，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的”Secondly，we must be able to speak it ourselves，with confidence and without hesitation.“第二，我们必须要自己会说，带着自信而且毫不犹豫。

推断有些人说不好，是因为在说这方面，他有犹豫要不要练习说这门语言，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的”A good memory is a great help， but it is not enough only to memorize the rules from a grammar book.“好的记忆力是会很有帮助，但是光从语法书上记忆语法规则是不够的；以及第三段中的”If we are pleased with a few rules we have memorized， we are not really learning the language. We must "learn through use." Practice is important. “如果我们对于记点语法规则就很满足，但在并不是真正在学语言。

我们必须通过使用它来学这门语言。

所以选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的”Practice is important. We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever we can.“练习非常重要。

我们必须尽可能地练习说和写一门语言，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
When it comes to learning a foreign language, many people wonder if they will be able to memorize enough vocabulary. But this question never happens about their mother tongue, and yet, it was a foreign language once. However, among all the questions that new parents ask, no doctor has ever heard: "Will my baby be able to learn my language?" Be honest, do you know all the words of your mother tongue? The answer is: "no".
New words, and new ways of using old words, appear every day. Twenty years ago, who could have been able to understand a sentence like this: "Click here to download your digital book."? Nobody. You never stop learning new vocabulary and you never know how long you will need it. Sometimes, you have the word on the tip of your tongue...and it sticks there! But you do know
this phenomenon(现象) and don't think that it is because of a bad memory. You should not give this phenomenon more importance in the language you are learning than in your mother tongue. You need to learn only 2000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need. You can't avoid some work in order to learn these necessary words and all the more if you want to learn quickly. And before you consider buying into any method, be sure it is right for you. It is not wise to depend on any method based upon mnemonics(记忆群). The first few words seem very easy to learn, so you buy the course, but then you discover quickly, though too late, that a dozen words later, it is all the more difficult to learn a new word when you have also to learn the trick to memorize it.
（1）From the first paragraph, we can infer that ______.
A. there is no need to know all the words of a foreign language
B. it is honest to answer "no" to a question you don't know
C. a baby can know all the new words of its mother tongue
D. people find it hard to memorize vocabulary of their language
（2）To learn a foreign language, the author advises you ______.
A.to remember new words appearing every day
B.to keep up with new ways of using old words
C.to learn at least 2,000 necessary words
D.to pay more attention to your bad memory
（3）The author's attitude to mnemonics is________.
A.supportive
B.neutral
C.opponent
D.indifferent
（4）The passage is mainly about ______.
ing old words in a new way
B.learning new words from the context
C.finding a method to memorize vocabulary
D.learning vocabulary of a foreign language
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，很多学习外语的人都有一个困惑是否要记忆足够多的单词，作者的回答是"不"，文章告诉人们应该掌握多少个基本单词，且不能为了学习这些必要的单词而逃避一些工作，以及依靠任何基于助记法的方法都是不明智的。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“To be honest，do you know all the words of your mother tongue？The answer is‘No’．“说实话，你知道你母语的所有单词吗?"答案是:"不"。

可知，一个人既然连自己的母语的词汇都不可能全部认识，那么在学习外语时，也就没有必要记住所有的词汇。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“You need to learn only 2，000 or so basic words to
be able to create any phrase you need.”你只需要学习2000个左右的基本单词就能创造出任何你需要的短语。

可知为了学习一门外语，作者建议你至少学习2000个必要的单词。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“It is not wise to depend on any method based upon mnemonics.”依靠任何基于记忆术的方法都是不明智的。

可知作者对记忆术的态度是反对的。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“When it comes to learning a foreign language, many people wonder if they will be able to memorize enough vocabulary.”当谈到学习一门外语时，许多人想知道他们是否能记住足够的词汇。

以及文章主要内容围绕学习外语时的词汇量问题，所以短文主要是关于学习一门外语的词汇量。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
A friend is better than fortune. A friend is worse than poison in some cases.
The two sentences above have opposite meanings and seem to be unreasonable but they can be explained as follows: the first refers to all good friends who drive us towards good while the second all bad ones who lead us into bad ways.
My ideal friend is of course a good friend whose goodness is shown below — he has no bad habits such as smoking and drinking. He lives in frugality (节俭). He studies hard so as not to waste his golden time. At home he honors his parents and loves his brothers; at school he respects his teachers and shares the feelings of his classmates. He treats those truly who are true to him. In a word, he has all the good characteristics that I don't have. I can follow him as a model. With his help I can be free from all difficulties.
Indeed, if I have such a person as my friend, I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the existence of the word "failure".
（1）This passage tells us ____.
A. how to make friends with others
B. how to help friends
C. what kind of person the writer's friend is
D. what kind of person we should make friends with
（2）According to the writer, an ideal friend refers to _______.
A.a friend without bad habits
B.a famous man
C.a perfect man
D.a respectable man
（3）From the passage we can learn that ________.
A.the writer and his ideal friend have a lot to learn from each other
B.the writer has a lot to learn from his ideal friend
C.the writer's ideal friend has a lot to learn from him
D.the writer has only a little to learn from his ideal friend
（4）From the second paragraph, we can infer the writer is sure that _______.
A.friendship means a great deal to him
B.nothing can be done without friends
C.he who does not smoke or drink must be a good friend
D.good friends should always help each other
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们应该交哪种朋友。

我们应该交那种在学校尊敬老师，在家爱戴父母认真学习，珍惜时间的朋友。

（1）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，本文讲述的是我们应该交哪种朋友。

我们应该交那种在学校尊敬老师，在家爱戴父母认真学习，珍惜时间的朋友。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段可知理想的朋友就是那些完美的人。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“I can follow him as a model."他是我的楷模，我能从他身上学习到很多东西。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

从文章内容可知我很看重生命中的好朋友，一位友谊对我来说意义重大。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读。

考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
You probably know the basics of how comparatives(比较级) and superlatives(最高级) work in the English language. When comparing something, you often add an "-er" to the end of the comparative adjective. The general rule is that one-syllable(音节) words get the suffix(后缀), and polysyllabic words get "more" or "most." That is, unless the two-syllable word ends in a "y"; if that's the case, you will add the suffixes and change the "y" to an "i".
But what about the word "fun"? This simple adjective only has one syllable, so you'd think you'd add suffixes on it to create superlatives. But if you were to say "I think Magic Kingdom is a funner park than Epcot." or "Disney World was the funnest vacation ever!" you might get some strange looks. It doesn't sound quite right. But…why? "Fun" is one syllable, so why do we choose "more fun" as the comparative—especially considering that the similar word "funny," which has more syllables than "fun," uses the suffixes with no problem?
Well, the problem comes from the fact that the word "fun" was not originally an adjective. Until the early 19th century, it was mostly just a noun, and it gained its meaning as "amusement" in the 18th century. But as early as the 1800s, people began using it as an adjective, the way we'd describe "a fun time" or "a fun place" today.
Basically, language is still developing. Grammarians have mostly come around to the use of
"fun" as an adjective (though some dictionaries still call it informal). There was (and remains) an agreement of "Fine, you can use ‘fun' as an adjective…but, like, it's not really one, so it can't follow the rules of real adjectives." So they also agree that the answer to "is funner a word?" is yes. If you want to consider "fun," as an adjective, then "funner" is indeed a word, as is "funnest". But this doesn't mean that "more fun" and "most fun" are incorrect, though; in fact, in formal writing, you'll probably still want to use those instead of "funner" and "funnest."
The English language is chock-full of uncertain grammar rules; there's no need to insist that a word breaks the common rules of language just because we didn't used to use it in a way we do now.
（1）How do comparatives and superlatives work in the English language?
A. Put "more" or "most" before one-syllable adjectives.
B. Add "-er" or "-est" to most polysyllabic adjectives.
C. Put "more" or "most" before polysyllabic adjectives.
D. Add "-er" or "-est" straight to two-syllable words ending in a "y".
（2）People didn't used to use "funner" or "funnest" partly because ______________. A. it sounded strange to grammarians B. the English language changed a little
C. the word was originally used as a noun
D. some dictionaries considered it incorrect
（3）What can be the best title of the passage?
A. Is "funner" a word?
B. A general rule of English grammar.
C. The development of English language.
D. The comparatives and superlatives of adjectives.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英语形容词比较级和最高级中，单词fun的比较级和最高级变化规则而展开。

告诉了我们单词fun词性的历史演变，英语充满了不确定的语法规则;没有必要仅仅因为我们过去不像现在这样使用一个词就认为它违反了语言的一般规则。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“The general rule is that one-syllable words get the suffix, and polysyllabic words get 'more' or 'most.'"一般规则是单音节单词词尾添加后缀，多音节单词则需要添加"more"或"most"。

可知在英语比较级和最高级中，在多音节形容词前加"more"或"most"。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的”Until the early 19th century, it was mostly just a noun, and it gained its meaning as "amusement" in the 18th century. But as early as the 1800s, people began us ing it as an adjective, the way we'd describe "a fun time" or ‘a fun place“today.”直到19世纪早期，它还只是一个名词，到了18世纪才有了"娱乐"的含义。

但早在19世纪，人们就开始把它用作形容词，我们今天用它来形容"有趣的时间"或"有趣的地方"。

可知过去的人们不习惯使用"funner"或"funnest"，部分原因是这个词最初用作名词。

故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段中的“But what about the word "fun"? This simple adjective
only has one syllable, so you'd think you'd add suffixes on it to create superlatives.”但是"乐趣"这个词呢?这个简单的形容词只有一个音节，所以你会认为你应该在它上面加上后缀来创造最高级。

以及倒数第二段中的“So they also agree that the answer to "is funner a word?" is yes.”所以他们对"funner是一个词吗?"的说法是肯定的。

本文主要内容都是围绕着fun的比较级和最高级变化规则展开论述，故A选项"funner是一个词吗？"符合文章主旨。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化知识类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
You signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season. Sure, you're not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all. Do you deserve a trophy (奖杯)?
If the decision is up to Carol Dweck, the answer would likely be no. She's a psychology professor at Stanford University, California. She says a player doesn't have to be the best to get a trophy. But those who receive an award should have to work for it. She suggests trophies go to the most improved player, or the one who contributed most to the team spirit, as well as to those who play the best.
"The trophy has to stand for something," Dweck told TFK. "If we give a trophy to everyone, then the award has no value." Dweck argues that giving kids trophies for particular reasons, such as improving in a sport, teaches kids that adults value hard work and trying our best.
Others say that there's no harm in giving awards to all kids who play a sport, regardless of how they played or whether or not they improved.
"I think we should encourage kids' participation in sports," says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York City. "A trophy is one way to encourage kids' efforts."
Barish argues that when we single out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson. We are sending the message that winning is everything. "Winning is only part of the equation (等式)," Barish told TFK. "Playing sports also teaches kids about teamwork and the importance of exercise."
There will be plenty of opportunities for kids to learn about competition as they get older, says Barish. They'll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the World Cup and only one football team wins the Super Bowl. For now, he thinks there's nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners. That means trophies for everyone.
（1）According to Carol Dweck, which player should receive a trophy?
A.Tony, the most attractive player of the soccer team.
B.David, a soccer player who is both clever and funny.
C.Peter, who is ready to help his partners to score goals.
D.Jim, a soccer player who tries his best to win the game
（2）Which of the following statements would Kenneth Barish agree with?
A.There is no sense in giving a trophy to everyone.
B.Kids fond of playing sports should be rewarded.
C.Kids should be given trophies for trying their best.
D.It is necessary to encourage kids' participation in sports.
（3）The underlined phrase "single out" in Paragraph 6 probably means "________"．
A.honor
B.choose
C.value
D.stress
（4）What is the best title of the passage?
A.Who deserves a trophy?
B.All kids deserve a trophy
C.What does a trophy deserve?
D.Best player deserves a trophy
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。

如果孩子参加体育比赛，那么是不是每个人都该得到奖杯呢？作者就这个问题给出了两种不同的看法。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“She suggests trophies go to the most improved player, or the one who contributed most to the team spirit, as well as to those who play the best.”可知，斯坦福大学的心理学教授Carol Dweck认为，进步最大的、对团队精神贡献最多的和表现最佳的运动员都应获奖。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“I think we should encourage kids' partici pation in sports,” says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York City. “A trophy is one way to encourage kids' efforts.”可知，纽约市威尔康乃尔医学院的心理学教授Kenneth Barish认为，我们应该鼓励孩子参加体育活动，颁发奖杯就是一种激励方式。

故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第六段中的“Bar ish argues that when we single out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson. We are sending the message that winning is everything.”可知，Barish认为，当我们挑选出最佳球员或进步最大的球员并授予他们奖杯的时候，我们给孩子们传递了一个错误的信号：获胜就是一切。

因此划线词组 single out意为“挑出”。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段“You signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season. Sure, you're not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all. Do you deserve a trophy (奖杯)?”你报名参加了足球比赛，参加了本赛季的每一场比赛。

当然，你不是队里最好的球员，但大多数时候你都是全力以赴。

你应该得到一座奖杯吗?；和最后一段中的“For now, he thinks there's nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners. That means trophies for everyone.”现在，他认为让所有参加体育运动的孩子都感觉自己是赢家并没有什么错。

这意味着每个人都有奖杯，可知，本文主要论述了是不是每个参加比赛的人都该得到奖杯。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
What do people in the outside world do when they want to learn something? They go to somebody who knows about it, and ask him. They do not go to somebody who is supposed to know about everything —except, when they are very young, to their parents: and they speedily become dissatisfied with that variety of knowledge. They go to somebody who might reasonably expected to know about the particular thing they are interested in. When a man buys a motor-car, he does not say to himself: "Where can I find somebody who can teach me how to run a motor car?" He does not look in the telephone directory under T. He just gets an experienced driver to teach him. He just pays attention and asks questions and tries to do the thing himself, until he learns.
But this case, of course, assumes an interest of the pupil in the subject, a willingness and even a desire to learn about it, a feeling that the matter is of some importance to himself. And come to think of it, these motives are generally present in the learning that goes on in the outside world. It is only in school that the pupil is expected to be unwilling to learn.
When you were a child, and passed the door of the village blacksmith(铁匠) shop, and looked in, day after day, you admired his skill, and stood in awe of his strength; and if he had offered to let you blow the bellows for him and shown you how to make a red-hot penny, that would have been a proud moment. It would also have been an educational one. But suppose there had been a new shop set up in the town, and when you looked in at the open door you saw a man at work painting a picture; and suppose a bell rang just then, and the man stopped painting right in the middle of a brush-stroke, and started to read aloud “How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix"; and suppose when he was halfway through, the bell rang again, and he said, "We will go on with that tomorrow," and started to chisel the surface of a piece of marble; and then, after a little, somewhat exhaustedly, started in to play "The Rock of Ages" on a flute, interrupting the tune to order you to stand up straight and not whisper to the little boy beside you. There's no doubt what you would think of him; you would know perfectly well that he was crazy; people don't do things in that way anywhere in the world, except in school.
And even if he had assured you that what were taught were later in your life going to be matters of the deepest importance and interest, and that you should start in now with the determination of becoming proficient in them, it would not have helped much. Not very much. It's nonsense that children do not want to learn. Everybody wants to learn. And everybody wants to teach. And the process is going on all the time. All that is necessary is to put a person who knows something —really knows it—within the curiosity-range of someone who doesn't know it: the process begins at once. It is almost irresistible.
If there were no teachers—no hastily and superficially trained Vestals who were supposed to know everything—but just ordinary human beings who knew passionately and thoroughly one thing and who had the patience to show little boys and girls how to do that thing—we might get along with our learning pretty well, Of course, we'd have to pay them more, because they could。