肿瘤患者存在的主要心理问题与分析（英文）

MAIN PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND ANALYSIS OF CANCER PA TIENTS
肿瘤患者的主要心理问题与分析
Tumor is a common disease that currently endangers human health, and its incidence has increased year by year. In of the respective kinds disease, there is very little mental stress like malignant tumor. When the patient is diagnosed as a malignant tumor, psychologically arising out of or in connection with different degrees of stress, especially after drug treatment, due to strong drug adverse reactions, long-term infusion-induced venipuncture is difficult, or the condition is repeated The pain caused by the disease is easy to resulting from or arising out of patients with low mood, depression, pessimistic disappointment, lost the confidence to overcome the disease, easy arising out of or in connection with suicidal thoughts. These emotions inhibit the body's immune recognition and surveillance. When the disease has not yet overwhelmed the patient, its spirit is first destroyed, causing the disease to deteriorate, seriously affecting the treatment effect, and also increasing the difficulty of nursing work. Therefore, the analysis of psychological problems and nursing of patients with malignant tumors has important clinical significance for improving the therapeutic effect of patients.
As the disease continues to change and modern medical information develops further, malignant tumors have become a serious disease that jeopardizes human health. The characteristics of the disease itself and some psychological problems that the patient itself have caused the care of this group to receive widespread attention. The psychological change process that most cancer patients experience is include, inter alia : When the patient first saw the test results or was infected with cancer by inform , he was suddenly shocked, confused, numb, and even faint. This condition is medically will be referred to as diagnostic shock. Many patients have a common feeling when recalling the scene at the time. The brain is blank and does not know how to accept the result. When the patient's malignant tumor is diagnosed, the patient can be divided into those who know the condition and those who do not know the condition. Most patients who know their illnesses have a negative or skeptical attitude. They hope that they are misdiagnosed and have a chance to achieve psychological balance in a way that is denied. It is manifested by repeatedly asking about your own diagnosis and examination results, and trying to find a basis for negating the diagnosis. Such patients are prone to psychological problems such as nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, and restlessness. Unexplained patients strongly suspect that they
are suffering from cancer. They want to understand their own condition and prognosis, and they are afraid of knowing the truth and are particularly sensitive to the words and deeds of medical staff and relatives. They suspect that they do not tell the truth about themselves. Such patients will compare themselves with patients in the same ward or consult relevant books, causing excessive stress and aggravating psychological burden. The patient's mind is greatly comforted, and its role is irreplaceable. Therefore, family members have an important position in the treatment process. For family members of patients with anxiety and fear, understand the reasons for family members' anxiety and fear, so as to help them solve the problems. According to the different needs of the patient's family members to select appropriate content and educational forms, explain to the patient's family the treatment plan, expected effect, treatment coordination and precautions, possible complications and solutions, so that the family members The whole treatment process has some understanding, can correctly deal with the problems in the course of disease treatment, and actively cooperate with medical staff and patients, arising out of or in connection with synergy effect. Guide the establishment of a healthy lifestyle. In the gap between treatments, according to the patient's physical condition, encourage family members to accompany patients to proper activities, walks, listen to music, read books, to distract patients' attention to adverse reactions, and to do something useful when the condition permits. Things make them feel the value of life and improve the confidence of survival. At present, after with respect to patients have been diagnosed with cancer, can they report information about the disease inform patients, most patients want to know the cause, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of their disease, but everyone is right The needs and coping skills of higher vocational conditions are different. Therefore, WHO proposes a strategy of gradual, reserved, phased and planned selective inform condition, so that patients gradually receive information about the disease, buffer psychological pain and stress, and gradually For reality, shall refrain from emotionally large fluctuations, and then determine the solution to the problem. shall refrain from makes a one-time blow to the patient, making the psychological unbearable and trapped in helplessness and hopelessness. For patients with cancer in the treatment stage, the side effects caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy are severely taught, such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, low white blood cells, etc. resulting from or arising out of , the body's immune function declines, the body changes, aggravating the patient's fear and anxiety And desperate. According to the different needs of patients, the patient's knowledge of
chemotherapy, the side effects of the drugs used and the corresponding treatment measures are taught in a simple way. Second, develop personalized care strategies based on the patient's actual situation. Different patients have different lengths of illness, and they have a great understanding of their own diseases, and each person's psychological tolerance is different. According to the culture, understanding and quality of cancer patients, different psychological care is adopted. For patients with lower cultural level and poor psychological endurance, take care measures to conceal the truth of the disease. When talking with them, be enthusiastic, patient, and meticulous, so that they can reduce their fear mentally and help patients build confidence. Reduce the patient's informed opportunity, shall refrain from patients with low mood, loss of treatment confidence; Exploratory conversations with some highly knowledgeable and optimistic patients. Communicate with the necessary medical knowledge and psychological knowledge. It is emphasized that adverse psychological state and nervousness can further aggravate the neuroendocrine disorder, and the immune function of the body is reduced, so that the body's anti-tumor ability is reduced, and the condition of resulting from or arising out of is deteriorated. Through a series of psychological care, most patients with malignant tumors can face the reality with a correct attitude, and happily cooperate with the treatment, and finally achieve a satisfactory effect. Patients with advanced cancer are extremely debilitated, but their consciousness is clear, and the patient loses hope of healing when the tumor recurs and metastasizes. Try to make the patient understand that there are still some ways to control the development of the disease, try to prolong the survival period, and help the patient to overcome the belief and hope of cancer. Cancer patients often have arising out of or in connection with pain. For patients with pain, they should listen carefully to the patient's pain. The pain symptoms of recognition of patients are real and painful. . Different analgesic regimens should be developed based on the pain and tolerance of the patient's different course of disease. For patients with mild pain, use the relaxing muscle method to relieve pain such as taking a comfortable posture, rhythmic deep breathing, massage and heat, etc., through subjective imagination and objective measures, to achieve tranquility, muscle relaxation and analgesic effect [8] . Patients with moderate pain use hypothetical therapy under hypnosis to relieve pain, hypnosis include, inter alia hypnosis induction, suggestion, wake-up and other continuous processes. Specific methods of induction include gaze method, metronome method, and breathing adjustment method. The suggestion rule is to prelimin the suggestion to put the
patient into a state of lethargy to reduce or eliminate the patient's experience of pain.。