高中英语人教版新课标 必修五 Unit 3 Life in the future Section Ⅳ

Ⅰ.过去分词(短语)作状语 一、过去分词(短语)作状语可以表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情 况等，它的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动 宾关系。
1．作时间状语 过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个 when，while，after，once 等引导的时 间状语从句。 Once published，the dictionary will be very popular.(Once published＝Once it is published) 一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。
•1、人才教育不是灌输知识，而是将开发文化宝库的钥匙，尽我们知道的交给学生。 •2、一个人的知识如果只限于学校学习到的那一些，这个人的知识必然是十分贫乏的2021/10/162021/10/162021/10/1610/16/2021 8:48:35 PM •3、意志教育不是发扬个人盲目的意志，而是培养合于社会历史发展的意志。 •4、智力教育就是要扩大人的求知范围 •5、最有价值的知识是关于方法的知识。 •6、我们要提出两条教育的诫律，一、“不要教过多的学科”；二、“凡是你所教的东西，要教得透彻”2021年10月2021/10/162021/10/162021/10/1610/16/2021 •7、能培养独创性和唤起对知识愉悦的，是教师的最高本领2021/10/162021/10/16October 16, 2021 •8、先生不应该专教书，他的责任是教人做人；学生不应该专读书，他的责任是学习人生之道。2021/10/162021/10/162021/10/162021/10/16
二、单个的过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词之前，也可后置。往往
可用定语从句代替。
planned economy
计划经济
steamed fish
蒸鱼
fried chips
炸土豆条
Hurry up，there is only a little time left.
快点，时间不多了。
Things seen are mightier than things heard. 眼见为实，耳听为虚。
3．作条件状语 过去分词作条件状语时，相当于一个 if，unless 等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.(Given another hour＝If I am given another hour) 如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。
三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词 与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。 Asked why he was late，he cried. 问他为什么迟到时，他哭了。 Looking out of the window，I saw some students playing there. 朝窗外望去，我看见几个学生在那边玩耍。
4．作让步状语 过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个 though，although，even if 等引导的让 步状语从句。 Beaten by the opposite team ， we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other.(Beaten by the opposite team＝Though we were beaten by the opposite team) 虽然被对方的队打败了，但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。
5．作方式或伴随状语 过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。 The old man got on the bus，supported by a girl.(supported by a girl＝and was supported by a girl)(方式) 在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。
(speak)in Auste) in a friendly way，their fierce quarrel finally came to an
end. 10．
(lose) in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him.
想象性作文
本单元的写作项目属于新课标中说明文或记叙文中的“想象性”作文。这 类题目要求学生在头脑中创造出从未接触过的甚至根本不存在的新的形象。想 象性写作允许自由想象、自主发挥的空间较大，因此需要灵活的思维能力和丰 富的想象能力。要写好此类文章，应注意以下几点：
1．首先要确定写作主题。确定主题，明确写作中心，是写好文章的前提， 想象性写作也不例外。因为想象虽然可以海阔天空，但总要围绕一个中心进行， 这个中心就是主题。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
【导学号：01730014】
1．
(compare) with the size of the whole earth，the highest
mountain does not seem high at all.
2．
(follow) by some officials，Napoleon inspected his army.
[名师点津] 过去分词作状语 (1)过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如 when，though， although，as if，as though，if，unless，until，once 等，表时间、让步、条件、 方式等。 If (I am)invited，I will attend the wedding of my friend.如果受到邀请，我会参 加我朋友的婚礼。 (2)过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。 If caught，the thief will be punished by the police. 小偷如果被抓，就会受到警方的处罚。
4．If he is given time，he'll make a first­class tennis player. →Given time，he'll make a first­class tennis players. 5．When I saw a car running towards her，I reached my hand out and pulled her back. →Seeing a car running towards her，I reached my hand out and pulled her back.
2．想象美好，立意深刻。想象性作文必须要有一个“美好”的中心思想。 如果只是瞎编一个热闹离奇的故事，就失去了想象的意义。
3．构思要巧妙，想象要合理。构思和想象是写好此类文章的关键，既要合 乎逻辑，又要匠心独运，或启迪思维，或引人入胜。
全 剖 析
学
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
业 分
层
测
评
重
应
用
过去分词(短语)作状语和定语
阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法 1．Worried about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days. 2．Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached. 3．Just relax，since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. 4．Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast a sleep.
三、过去分词表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词之前或表示与句中谓语动词 相应的经常性动作。
All the windows broken have been repaired. 所有坏了的窗子都已经修理好了。 He is a teacher loved and respected by his students. 他是一个受学生喜爱和尊敬的老师。
二、过去分词作状语时在句中的位置 过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语 时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步 状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 Told that his mother was ill，Li Lei hurried home quickly. 得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son. 老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
【 答 案 】 pared 2.Followed 3.Heated 4 ． selected 5.Driven 6.invited 7.lost 8.spoken 9．Settled 10.Lost
Ⅱ.句型转换 1．As we were touched by the teacher's words，we decided to work hard. →Touched by the teacher's words，we decided to work hard. 2．I feel quite sorry for that.I begin to think about what to do to help. →Feeling quite sorry for that，I begin to think about what to do to help. 3．The house which was built 100 years ago stood still after the earthquake. →The house built 100 years ago stood still after the earthquake.
(3)有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。 常见的有：satisfied，surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed 等。 Disappointed at the examination results，the girl stood there without saying a word.因为对考试结果很失望，小女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。
2．作原因状语 过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个 as，since，because 等引导的原因状语 从句。 Lost in thought，I didn't notice what was happening outside.(Lost in thought＝ Because I was lost in thought) 由于陷入沉思，我没注意到外面发生了什么事情。
3．
(heat)，liquids can be changed into gases.
4．This model is available at
(select)stores only.
5．
(drive) by the rising price of gas，many car owners use their
Ⅱ.过去分词作定语 一、一般来说，过去分词作定语时含有“完成”和“被动”的双重意义。 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”意 义。如：boiled water(开水)；risen sun(升起的太阳)等。 My parents are both retired teachers. 我的父母都是退休教师。
cars less frequently. 6．Unless
(invite) to speak，you should remain silent at the
conference. 7．Once
(lose)，such a chance might never come again.
8．What's the language