2018高考英语一轮复习构想：演练大冲关 题点题型全训

常考题点对点练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·湖南名校联考)When you are faced with challenges, you should believe that ________(confident) is what makes a difference.
解析：句意为：当面对挑战时，你应该相信自信是发挥作用的因素。

所填词在that引导的宾语从句中作主语，故应该用名词，confidence意为“信心”。

答案：confidence
2．(2017·浙江重点中学协作体联考)At the press conference, a government spokesman expressed his great concern for the ________ (safe) of the three trapped workers.
解析：句意为：在记者会上，一个政府发言人表达了他对三个被困工人安全的深切关心。

定冠词the后应用名词，故填safety。

答案：safety
3．(2017·宁夏大学附属中学月考五)Certainly you can get help from your English teacher if necessary. I'm sure it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the ________ (improve) of writing abilities.
解析：句意为：当然，如果有必要的话你可以从英语老师那里寻求帮助，我确信用英语写日记对于提高写作能力很有帮助。

根据句意及设空前的the可知填名词。

答案：improvement
4．(2017·山东临沂模拟)In 1971, after nearly two hundred ________ (failure), Tu's team found an extract that was 100% effective against the malaria parasites—artemisinin.
解析：句意为：在1971年，在经历了将近两百次失败后，屠的团队发现了一种提取物，它100%有效对抗疟疾——青蒿素。

考查名词的复数形式。

答案：failures
5．(2017·黑龙江绥化三校联考)He didn't put the things where they belonged, for which reason he got his ________ (punish)．
解析：句意为：他没有把东西放回原处，为此他受到了惩罚。

his是形容词性物主代词，后面应接名词，punishment意为“惩罚”，为不可数名词。

答案：punishment
6．(2017·湖北云梦一中月考改编)The university is very famous, so there were a lot of ________ (applicant) for the position.
解析：句意为：这所大学很有名气，因此有很多申请者来应聘这个岗位。

applicant意为“申请者”，为可数名词，其前有a lot of修饰，因此应用复数形式。

答案：applicants
7．(2017·泰安检测)His friend advised him to write down the useful ________ (express) in his notebook so that he could use them when necessary.
解析：根据语境可知，所填词在句中作write down的宾语，应该填提示词的名词形式，根据them可知用复数形式。

答案：expressions
8．(2017·四川成都三诊)Much simpler as Chinese grammar is, Chinese has a tone and writing system that is more difficult for ________ (learn) to master.
解析：句意为：……汉语的音调和书写体系对学习者来说更难掌握。

设空处作介词for 的宾语，应用名词；根据句意，此处指“学习者”，且不止一个，故应用复数。

故填learners。

答案：learners
9．(2016·江苏卷，改编)—Can you tell us your recipe for ________ (happy) and a long life?
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
解析：句意为：——你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的诀窍吗？——确切地说，就是充实地度过每一天。

介词后需用名词形式，happiness作“幸福”讲为不可数名词，故答案为happiness。

答案：happiness
10．(2016·浙江卷)That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. ________ short, he's reliable.
解析：句意为：那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。

简言之，他是值得信赖的。

in short简言之。

答案：In
11．(2017·陕西西安八校联考)The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money ________ me.
解析：句意为：这本词典正好是我想要的那本，可是我没带够钱。

with在此表示“有；带有”。

答案：with
12．(2017·湖北宜昌教学协作体联考)________ the end, the young men found that working hard is truly a treasure in itself.
解析：句意为：最后，年轻人发现努力工作本身真的是一种财富。

in the end意为“最后”，符合句意，故填In。

答案：In
13．(2015·浙江卷改编)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?
解析：句意为：你听说过作为陆地上和海洋里动物的栖息地的树吗？be home to...意为“是……的栖息地”，为固定短语。

答案：to
14．(2017·北京海淀期中改编)At the bad news, the woman put her hands ________ her eyes and cried out.
解析：句意为：听到这条坏消息，那个女人用手捂住眼睛哭了出来。

over意为“覆盖”，符合句意，故填over。

答案：over
15．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.
解析：next to在……旁边。

答案：to
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ，改错)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.____________
解析：with the development of为固定搭配，意为“随着……的发展”。

答案：on→with
2．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ，改错)Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.____________
解析：with the help of sb.为固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下”。

答案：by→of
3．(2015·陕西卷，改错)Mum taught me some basic step of baking.____________
解析：step为可数名词，由some修饰，故用复数形式。

答案：step→steps
4．(2017·河南豫南九校第一次联考)An accident happening in a rainy Sunday afternoon changed my attitude.____________
解析：表示在具体的某天上午、下午或晚上用介词on。

答案：in→on
5．(2017·山西第四次诊断)To improve my grades, I paid more attention for the teachers' talking in class.____________
解析：pay attention to意为“注意”，为固定搭配。

答案：for→to
6．(2017·银川质检)Classes taught in English provide students for a better language environment.____________
解析：provide sb. with sth.“为某人提供某物”，为固定搭配。

答案：for→with
7．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ，改错)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening
music.____________
解析：句意为：我们可以躺在草地上休息，或者坐在湖边听音乐。

学生易受汉语思维影响，listen后直接接宾语。

但是，listen为不及物动词，接宾语时需加介词to。

故在listening 后加to。

答案：listening后加to
8．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ，改错)We don't need to do so much homework. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.____________
解析：have time for sth.为固定搭配，意为“有时间去做某事”。

答案：with→for
高考题型综合练
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017·郑州市第一次质量预测)
Tea is consumed around the world more than any other drink except water. Originating in China, tea has long established __1__ (it) as the national drink of this country.
A century before the birth of Christ, tea __2__ (describe) in Chinese texts as a health drink that made one live __3__ (long). Today, it is still being regarded as such. Both green tea and black tea are claimed to be effective for __4__ (prevent) cancer, heart disease, and many other deadly diseases. There is only one point __5__ people need to be aware of when they drink tea —is should not be drunk along with meals.
Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries, __6__ (be) carefully prepared according to local customs. The Chinese put loose tea in teapots, add boiling water, and serve it in teacups. The strong tea from China's Fujian Province is drunk in tiny cups before dinner. Lighter tea with jasmine (茉莉), rose or other __7__ (flower), usually served after dinner, is special to China's Changjiang River regions.
Many English people, travelling away from home, feel __8__ a loss if their favourite teabags are not available. Afternoon tea in England is still a time-honoured tradition. It's a good opportunity for people to socialize or discuss business matters.
In Japan, a tea ceremony is often held while people are drinking tea. The ceremony, usually __9__ (hold) in a teahouse, dates back to the 16th century. Guests follow strict rules set up then and the tea used is powdered green tea. Though still practised today, the ceremony may not be as popular __10__ it used to be.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了茶的渊源及几个国家的茶文化。

【段意梳理】
第一段：简单介绍了茶的地位。

第二段：介绍了茶的作用和饮用时的注意事项。

第三段：中国人饮茶的种类和方法。

第四段：英国人的饮茶习惯和文化。

第五段：日本人的饮茶文化和现状。

1．itself考查代词。

此处填的代词与句子主语tea形成互指关系，故用反身代词。

2．was described考查动词时态和语态。

根据语境中的时间状语“A century before the birth of Christ”可知，事情发生在过去，且tea和describe构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

3．longer考查比较级。

此处表示“让人活得更长”，故用longer。

4．preventing考查动名词。

介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词preventing。

5．that考查定语从句。

that引导定语从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语，修饰先行词one point。

6．is考查主谓一致。

句子主语为Tea，且与下文的“is drunk”在时态上呼应，故此处用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。

7．flowers考查名词复数。

flower是可数名词，由前面的other可知，此处表示复数概念。

8．at考查介词。

固定搭配at a loss意为“困惑，不知所措”，故用介词at。

9．held考查非谓语动词。

hold和句子谓语之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。

句子主。