最新高级英语课件 Love is a Fallacy精品课件

4) False Analogy “It doe not follow” arises
when there is not even a deceptively plausible appearance of valid reasoning, because the given premises have virtually nothing to do with the conclusion drawn from them.
incorrect use of term;
fallacious in its form because of the use of
an improper process of inference.
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Fallacies are divided into three groups:
Max Schulman an American’s best-known humorists a productive writer of many talents
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His works
Barefoot boy with Cheek The Feather merchant
support some conclusion.
two necessary parts:
a conclusion the thesis argues for certain premises or facts on which to base
the conclusion
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The conclusion is to be inferred from the premises.
For instance, a certain food is delicious to some people, but the fact does not imply that it is delicious to all people.
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3. The Fallacy of Irrelevant Conclusion It occurs when the conclusion
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5） Hypothesis Contrary to Fact
The fallacy of many questions consists in asking for or giving a single answer to a question when this answer could either be separate or refused completely.
he intends to marry after suitable reeducation.
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Detailed Study of the Text
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Ⅱ. Background Information
Explanation of thelogical Fallacies A logical argument gives evidence to
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6) Poisoning the Well （井中投毒）
Speaking “against the man” rather than to issue, or the fallacy of Poisoning the Well in the text where the premises may only make a personal attack on a person holding some thesis rather than offer grounds showing why what he says is false.
Rally Round the Flag, Boys
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis
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About the text
The text is excerpted from The Many loves of Dobbie Gillis by Max Shulman. It is a
piece of narrative writing.
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The narrator of the story, Dobie Gillis, a self-conceited freshman in a school
struggles against Petey Burch, his stupid roommate whose girl friend he plans to steal and Polly Espy, the beautiful dumb girl
a) material---fallacies of presumption b) verbal---fallacies of ambiguity c) formal---a structural pattern of
generically incorrect reasoning
The fallacies mentioned in the text are material fallacies:
changes the point that is under consideration in the premises. Special cases of irrelevant conclusion are produced by the so-called fallacies of irrelevance, which include:
About the title
“There is deceptive or delusive quality about love”.
“Love can not be deduced from a set of given premises”.
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About the author
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Teaching Methods
1. Teacher-oriented teaching method 2. Student-oriented teaching method 3. The elicited method
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Teaching Procedure
Ⅰ. Introductory Remarks Ⅱ. Background Information Ⅲ. Learning Focus Ⅳ. Key words and Expressions Ⅴ. Explanation of the Text
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Ⅵ. DiviLeabharlann ion of the Text Ⅶ. The Writing Style Ⅷ. The Personality of Dobie Ⅸ. Exercises
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Introductory Remarks
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Ⅰ. Introductory Remarks
3. To appreciate the humorous and satirical writing style
4. To appreciate the language
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Teaching Focus
The rules of logic: to understand all the eight fallacies referred in the text.
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2) Contradictory Premises循环论证 (xúnhuán lùnzhèng) Begging the Question
It comes into being when the premises openly or covertly presume the very conclusion to be demonstrated.
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1) Post Hoc ergo propter hoc 牵强附会 (qiān qiáng fù huì)/假性因果 The fallacy of False Cause
The fallacy mislocates the cause of one phenomenon in another that is only seemingly related.
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1. Dicto Simpliciter 绝对(juéduì)判断 （Fallacy of Accident ） An argument based on an
unqualified generalization. The argument applies a general rule to a particular case in which some special circumstances makes the rule inapplicable.
The particular writing style of the author. The light, humorous, yet impressing way of depicting things. Subjective, personal, sensible.
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Teaching Focus
Unit 4
Love Is a Fallacy
Max Shulman
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Teaching Plan
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Teaching Objectives
1. To have a basic knowledge of the terms in logic
2. To understand what love is in an affluent society
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3）Ad Misericordiam文不对题(wé n bù duì tí)
（appeal to pity)
In a law court, a trial lawyer doesn’t argue for his client’s innocence, but he tries to move the jury to sympathy for him, just as applicant for a job doesn’t answer the question raised by the boss. Instead he tries to appeal to the boss sympathy by saying something about the 第二十五页，共79页。 poor situation of
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2. Hasty Generalization （仓促(cāngcù)推 断）
The converse fallacy of accident arises when a special case is improperly applied as a general rule.
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An argument may be fallacious in three ways:
fallacious in its material content because of
the use of a misstatement of the facts;
fallacious in its wording because of an
The self-boasting tone of “I”. Different adjectives applied to describe “ I” and my “rival” Petey Burch.
The positive, neutral and negative senses of the similar adjectives.
An argument is deductively valid when its premises provide conclusive evidence for the conclusion. An argument that fails to be conclusively deduced is invalid and fallacious.