高中英语 Unit 3 Under the sea Section Ⅱ Learning ab

Section ⅡLearning about Language Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．There stands an old school on the opposite (在……对面) side of the river.
2．If you want to join our club，there's an annual (按年度计算的) membership fee of $100.
3．The elephant yelled (大叫) to show its anger when another group came near.
4．She dived (跳水) into the pool gracefully and won another gold medal for China.
5．He paused (暂停) for breath and then continued climbing.
6．After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodation for the homeless families.
7．Lisa，though abandoned by her own parents three decades ago，badly longed to know where they were at present.
8．In many European countries，for example，the relationship between teachers and students is quite formal.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．accommodate vt.提供住宿→accommodation n．住所；住宿
2．flee vi.逃避；逃跑vt.逃离→fled (过去式)→fled (过去分词)
3．depth n．深(度)；深处→deep adj.深的→deepen v．加深
4．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的→abandonment n．遗弃；抛弃
5．annual adj.每年的；按年度计算的n．年刊；年鉴→annually adv.每年地；年度地
6．conservation n．保存；保护→conserve v．保存→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
[寻规律、巧记忆]
根据提示补全下列短语
1．hear of 听说
2．sort out 分类；整理
3．in time 及时；迟早
4．let go 放开；松开；放手
5．in the meantime 与此同时；在此期间
6．help out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
7．hold up 举起；阻挡；延误
8．aim at 瞄准
9．ahead of 在……的前面
10．yell out 大叫
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．She yelled out for help in the river，but no one came.
2．Have you heard of the news that Mary won the first prize in the contest?
3．The maths problem is too difficult for me to solve.Please help me out．
4．Let's meet for lunch.I'll call you ahead of time to fix up exactly when and where.
5．Your computer won't be arriving till Thursday.In the meantime，you can use Jude's.
[寻规律、巧记忆]
1.It was a time when the killer whales，or “killers” as they were then called，helped the whalers catch
the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。

when引导定
语从句
It was a time when I was
addicted to playing
computer games；how I
regret now.
我曾一度迷恋玩网络游戏，
现在真是后悔。

2.This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. 这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。

be about to
do sth.意为
“正要做某
事”
We were about to set out
when it began to rain.
我们正要出发，这时天开始
下雨。

3.A few minutes later，there was no Tom，so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom，
circling back to the boat，leading us to the hunt again.
几分钟之后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用桨拍打水面，汤姆出现了，兜了个圈子转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。

现在分词短
语作状语
All the way we were
chatting，singing and
laughing，enjoying the
fresh air and the
beautiful scenery.
一路上，我们聊天、唱歌、
欢笑，尽情享受着清新的空
气和美丽的风景。

witness v．当场见到；目击；见证；为……的证据 n．目击者；证人；证据
(教材P20)I thought，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.那时我以为这只是一个故事，但是后来我亲眼看见过许多次。

(1)witness sth. 目击了某事
witness to (doing) sth. 证实；证明(做)某事
witness for 为……作证
(2)be a witness to sth. 是……的证据/证人
bear/give witness to 做……的证人；为……作证
①The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.
司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋大楼。

②His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
他的健康身体证明这种疗法是成功的。

③The witness who witnessed(witness) the incident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness.
这个目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应作证人。

[图形助记]
accommodation n.住所；住宿；膳宿
(教材P20)On the afternoon I arrived at the station，as I was sorting out my accommodation，I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.
一天下午我来到捕鲸站，当我整理我的住处时，我听到从海湾方向传来了一阵巨大的喧闹声。

(1)provide/make accommodations for
为……提供膳宿
(2)accommodate v. 为……提供住宿/空间；
accommodations for us.
他陪我们去了那个旅游景点，还给我们安排了膳宿。

②Everyone will have to accommodate himself(he) to the changed situation.
每个人都必须使自己适应变化了的形势。

③The eye can accommodate itself to seeing(see) objects at different distances.
眼睛能自动调节以便观看远近不同的景物。

④The manufacturer offered to accommodate us with a computer free of charge.
厂家主动提出免费给我们提供一台电脑。

[语境助记]
If you can't find any accommodation elsewhere，here is a room which can accommodate up to five people.
如果你在其他地方找不到住处，这里是一个最多容纳5人的房
间。

opposite prep. 在……对面 adj.相对的；相反的 adv.在对面 n．对立的人(或物)；对立面
(教材P20)We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.
我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。

写出下列句中opposite的词性和含义
①It's easy to find—there's a church just opposite my house.
prep.在……对面
②However，some students have opposite views on the question.
adj.相反的
③Good habits always lead to high efficiency，while bad ones lead to the opposite. n.对立物
④The woman sitting opposite is a detective. adv.在对面
(1)be opposite to 在……对面；和……相反
just the opposite 恰恰相反
(2)opposition n.反对；反对派；在野党；敌对
oppose vt.反对
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)……
⑤She didn't make a mistake—just the opposite，what she did was right.
她没有犯错误，恰恰相反，她所做的是正确的。

⑥As we all know，hot and cold are opposites.＝ As we all know，hot is opposite to cold.
我们都知道，热与冷相对。

[语境助记]
My opinion is opposite to yours－I oppose changing the rules.I find I am in opposition to you on many problems.
我的观点与你的相反，我反对改变这些规则。

我发现我在许多问题上与你立场相反。

depth n.深；深度；深处
(教材P20)Within a moment or two，its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.过了片刻，那只鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速地拖到深海中去了。

in depth 全面；深入；详细
at a depth of... 在……的深度
in the depths of 在正中；在深处
把豆子种在大约六英寸深的地方。

②This is a new subject and needs to be explored in depth.
这是个新课题，需要深入的研究。

③When her son got injured and disabled in the accident，she was in the depths of despair.
当她儿子在事故中受伤致残时，她陷入了绝望的深渊。

[名师点津]
adj. deep high wide long strong broad
n. depth height width length strength
v. deepen heighten widen lengthen strengthen broaden urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策
n．强烈的愿望；要求
(教材P20)“Man overboard！Turn the boat around！”
urged George，shouting loudly.乔治催促着并大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”
(1)urge sth./sb.on 催促某物/某人前进
urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge sb.into doing sth. 催促/力劝某人做某事
urge that...(should)＋动词原形催促；极力主张……
It is urged that... 坚决要求……；极力主张……
(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望/冲动
(3)urgent adj.紧急的；紧迫的
①The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.
假期快到了，我有去旅游的冲动。

②She could hear him urging her on as she ran past.
她跑过他面前的时候，听到他在为她加油。

③He urged her to reconsider(consider) her decision.＝ He urged her into reconsidering(consider) her decision.
他催促她重新考虑自己的决定。

abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃 n．狂热；放任
(教材P21)From James's face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.
从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。

(1)abandon (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某物
abandon oneself to 沉湎于……
(2)with abandon 纵情地；恣意地
(3)abandoned adj.被遗弃的；恣意放荡的
be abandoned to 沉湎于……
with abandon.
在他们年度庆祝期间，他们纵情地又唱又跳。

②By no means shall we abandon searching (search) for the missing people.
我们绝不会放弃寻找失踪者。

③He is abandoned(abandon) to reading all kinds of books in his spare time.＝ He abandons himself to reading all kinds
of books in his spare time.
闲暇之余，他沉湎于阅读各种书籍。

help (...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
(教材P21)What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out？有什么证据可以证明老汤姆正在帮助捕鲸人脱离困境？
help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
help sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事
can't help but do sth. 不得不做某事
can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
cannot help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事
help oneself to sth. 随便取；随便用
①When your country calls you for help，you can't help but go.
当国家需要你支援时，你必须尽心为国家服务。

②I can't help wondering (wonder) what happened to that little girl.
我忍不住想知道那个小女孩出了什么事。

③In China people often ask the police to help them out when in trouble.
在中国，人们遇到麻烦的时候经常找警察帮忙。

(教材P19)It was a time when the killer whales，or
“killers” as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。

【要点提炼】“It was a time when...”结构意为“曾经有一段时期……”，其中when引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a time。

①It is a time when you can receive your friend's letter in a few seconds.
这是一个在几秒中你就可以收到朋友邮件的时期。

②There was once a time when women had no right to vote.
曾经有一段时期妇女没有选举权。

(教材P20)This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.
这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。

【要点提炼】be about to后接动词原形，意为“正要做某事；即将做某事”，习惯上不与具体的时间状语连用。

(1)be about to do...when... 正要做……，这时……
(2)be going to do... 多用于口语，强调事先打算、计划要做某事或根据某种迹象要发生某事
be to do 注定要发生……；表示预先安排好的计划或约定；应该……
①The exhibition is to start in a week's time as planned.按计划，展览会将在一周后开幕。

②I'm going to write to Henry this evening telling him the good news.
我今天晚上打算给亨利写信，告诉他这个好消息。

③Don't go out now；we are about to have(have) lunch.
不要出去了，马上我们就要吃午饭了。

④She was about to watch TV when the electricity was cut off.
她刚要看电视，这时停电了。

1．(教材P19)It was a time when the killer whales，or “killers” as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
【分析】句中when引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a time；as they were then called也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词killers；that were on their annual migration是第三个定语从句，修饰先行词the baleen whales。

【翻译】那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。

2．(教材P20)On the afternoon I arrived at the station，as I was sorting out my accommodation，I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.
【分析】句中I arrived at the station是定语从句，修饰先行词the afternoon；as引导的是一个时间状语从句；coming from the bay为现在分词短语作谓语动词heard的宾语补足语。

【翻译】一天下午我来到捕鲸站，当我整理我的住处时，我听到从海湾方向传来了一阵巨大的喧闹声。

3．(教材P21)It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James，and when we approached him，I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom.
【分析】句中and连接两个并列分句；第一个分句属于It takes/took some time to do sth.句型，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语；在第二个并列分句中when引导的是时间状语从句；being firmly held up为现在分词短语作谓语动词saw 的宾语补足语。

【翻译】我们花了半个多小时才把船头调向詹姆斯，当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳地托着他。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is not difficult to sort out the materials as long as time permits.
2．He came in and took a seat opposite to me.
3．What's the depth (deep) of the lake?
4．The junior clerk was alarmed when he witnessed (witness) the robbery in his office.
5．After the civil war broke out，what should be immediately done is to provide accommodations (accommodate) for those who fled out of their hometown.
6．Nobody helped me out when I lost my job.
7．During the civil war，thousands of people fled (flee) the country.
8．I was about to ring him up when he dropped in.
9．My dad abandoned smoking (smoke) because of his poor health.
10．I got a note from Mary urging me to get (get) in touch.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．那是一个很多年轻人到农村去锻炼的时代。

It was a time when many young people went to the countryside to get some training.(time)
2．他正要开始时来了一位不速之客。

He was about to begin when an unexpected visitor came.(about)
3．他们强烈主张科学博物馆应在假期开放。

They urged that the Science Museum be kept open during the vacation.(open)
4．过去的十年目睹了中国的巨大变化。

The past ten years has witnessed the great changes in
China. (witness)
5．他总是急人之难。

He's always willing to help out．(help)。