重复经颅磁刺激结合认知训练治疗血管性认知障碍的临床疗效观察
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重复经颅磁刺激结合认知训练治疗血管性认知障碍的临床疗效观察
目的探討重复经颅磁刺激联合认知训练治疗血管性认知障碍的临床效果。
方法选择2015年7月~2016年6月在我院康复医学科接受康复治疗的血管性认知障碍患者共91例,随机分为治疗组(46例)及对照组(45例)。
治疗组采用复经颅磁刺激联合认知训练训练治疗,对照组为单纯认知训练,应用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)及洛文斯顿认知评价箱(LOTCA)评估患者认知功能。
比较两组患者治疗前后MoCA及LOTCA总分及各单项评分。
结果治疗后,治疗组MoCA总分及其单项(执行、抽象、记忆、定向)评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组LOTCA总分及其单项(定向、知觉、思维能力)评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
治疗后两组MoCA总分及LOTCA总分均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
治疗后,LOTCA 单项中,对照组知觉、思维、视运动评分均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);治疗组各项评分均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
治疗后,MoCA单项中,对照组除命名项外,其他项评分均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组各项评分均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
结论重复经颅磁刺激联合认知训练可提高血管性认知障碍患者认知功能水平,改善患者生活质量。
[Abstract]Objective To observe the clinical effect of rTMS combined with cognitive training in the treatment of VCI.Methods A total of 91 patients with VCI who received rehabilitation treatment in our hospital from July 2015 to June 2016 were enrolled.The treatment group was treated with rTMS combined with cognitive training.The control group was given only cognitive training.Application of MoCA and LOTCA in patient`s cognitive assessment.Results After treatment,the MoCA total scores and individual items (execution,abstract,memory and orientation)of the treatment group were higher than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The total score of LOTCA and the individual items (orientation,perception,thinking)in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).After treatment scores of MoCA and LOTCA scales were both increased in the two groups compared with before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01);After treatment,in the LOTCA individual,the scores of perception,thinking and visual and spatial perception in the control group were higher than before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01);in the MoCA single item,the scores of other items expectnaming in the control group were higher than those before the treatment,and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.01);the individual itemes scores of the treatment group after treatment were higher than those before treatment,the differences were stastistically significant (P <0.01).Conclusion rTMS combined with cognitive training can improve cognitive function and the quality of life of patients with VCI.
[Key words]Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS);Cognitive
training;Vascular cognitive impairment;Cognitive function血管性认知障碍(vascular cognitive impairment,VCI)是脑卒中后常见的并发症之一[1],其临床症状以认知功能障碍为主要表现[2],涉及注意力、记忆力、思维及执行功能等一种或多种功能损害[3]。
目前,VCI的分类常见有非痴呆型VCI、血管性痴呆和混合型痴呆等[4]。
VCI患者因认知障碍,严重影响康复进度。
重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulate,rTMS)在辅助治疗VCI中具有一定效果[5-7],本研究将认知训练联合rTMS治疗VCI,疗效明确,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选择2015年7月~2016年6月在我院康复科接受康复治疗的VCI患者共91例,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组46例,对照组45例。
其中治疗组男24例,女22例;年龄45~75岁,平均年龄(50.2±3.8)岁;脑出血25例,脑梗死21例;左侧20例,右侧26例。
对照组男23例,女22例;年龄44~73岁,平均年龄(49.9±5.3)岁;脑出血24例,脑梗死21例;左侧19例,右侧26例。
两组患者一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
本次研究所有研究对象均知情同意并签署知情同意书,并均接受药物及康复治疗,经我院医学伦理委员会批准。
1.2纳入及排除标准
纳入标准,①符合VCI诊断标准:认知受损由血管性因素引发,呈突然发病、一项或多项认知损害;有动脉粥样硬化、局灶病灶等影像学证据[8-9]。
②可配合完成洛文斯顿认知评价箱(Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment,LOTCA)及中文版蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)检查。
③MoCA评分1 Hz时,可易化局部神经元,提高大脑皮质兴奋性,明显改善脑损伤患者的注意力、思维能力、记忆力等认知功能[18-19]。
④促进海马神经元存活、抑制细胞凋亡,改善脑缺血后学习记忆功能[20]。
最后,本研究中,相对于对照组的部分改善,治疗组在知觉、思维、执行、注意、记忆、定向及语言等均有显著改善。
提示联合方案可以弥补单纯认知训练的不足,使认知康复更为全面,疗效明显优于单纯认知训练。
此外,该联合方案还具有无痛苦、无毒副作用、针对性强,易于实施等特点,值得临床应用及推广。
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