2020-2021学年宁波镇海蛟川书院高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析

2020-2021学年宁波镇海蛟川书院高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解
析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either / or one, although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields can make it seem that way.
The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also insists that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central elements of America’s educational system at all levels. Both areas are the key to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.
Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem; “major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.
Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to take advantage of every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and seize the opportunities, will be helpful to them and the nation.
1. What does the latest congressional report suggest?
A. STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.
B. The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.
C. The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.
D. Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.
2. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?
A. Their interest in relevant subjects.
B. The academic value of the courses.
C. The quality of education to receive.
D. Their chances of getting a good job.
3. What does the author say about the so called “soft” subjects?
A. They benefit students in their future life.
B. They broaden students’ range of interests.
C. They just improve students’ communication skills.
D. They are essential to students’ healthy growth.
B
Recycling plastic has always been a stop-start effort, and the wide variety of plastics we produce, the pollution from waste, and other limitations make recycling an economic(经济) problem. It’s estimated(估计)only 9% of plastic ever created has been recycled. But with the help of a chemical process, Canadian Miranda Wang and her company BioCellection want to change that.
Stability is one of plastic greatest qualities and downside. There's limited evidence that some plastics can biodegrade (生物降解)but largely photo-plastics degrade in the sun. It’s a long process, and the truth is that we can only estimate how long it takes. Wang is looking to break the inaction and BioCellection's task is to make most plastic waste recyclable.
She outlines two current methods. One is to take plastics like water bottles, wash them, cut them, melt and reconstitute them. “That's a very limited process” she says, due to the requirement that plastics be “clean” . The other, which can handle dirtier plastics and a level of pollution, is called hydrolysis(热解). Intense heat is applied to break down plastics so they can be reused as oils for energy, but “it’s not economical,’’ she says.
BioCellection’s solution builds on research from over ten years ago, Wang explains, when a US studydiscovered pure polyethylene powder (聚乙烯粉)could be broken down by a catalyst (催化剂). Wang and her co-founder Jean hit upon a bacterium being able to eat plastic. In the years since, they engineered a comparable catalyst capable of doing the same job, only faster, which even works on plastics no one else can recycle at present. “We have now found a catalyst that is much cheaper than the one that was used before, Wang says.
Currently focusing on plastic films like shopping hags, the three-hour process breaks clown plastic into
chemicals that can act as the building blocks for more complex plastic products.
“Right now we’re able to achieve about 70% transformation from plastic waste material to these chemicals,” she adds, saying they’re working to increase that figure.
4. Why has so little plastic been recycled?
A. Plastic is chemically stable.
B. Recycling plastic led to pollution.
C. We produced various plastics.
D. Most photo-plastics degrade in the sun.
5. What does Wang think of the two current methods?
A. Highly effective and dynamic.
B. Expensive and pollution-causing.
C. Limited and energy-consuming.
D. Widely used and recognized.
6. What did BioCellection find effective to recycle plastics?
A. Polyethylene powder.
B. Chemical products.
C. Plastic films.
D. A catalyst.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. Miranda Wang and her company.
B. A new plastic recycling method.
C. The greatest downside of plastic.
D. Transformation of plastic waste.
C
Everyone can be angry. But if you take the time to actually examine your anger instead of just “feeling” angry, you’ll have a better understanding of yourself. Knowing why you feel so angry can provide you with some surprising answers. These answers can enable you to suddenly grow spiritually and mentally.
I can give you a personal example. I went to a meeting once and I was verbally attacked over an application I supported at my workplace. Various people went on and on about how terrible this system was and that it never worked. That didn’t bother me that much. I was used to that but one of the comments that was said was, “Your job is pointless.” This really upset meand at the time, I was ly furious(发怒地) with that comment.
I was so angry and upset that they would treat me that way. Once I took the time to think about what was really making me so mad. I learned a lot. I realized that the comment was more truethan I wanted to admit. In the big scheme of things, my job was pointless. It wasn’t what I really wanted to be doing with my life and this was what frustrated me the most. Here I was pouring part of my heart and soul into a job I didn’t even really want to do. I was using it as a crutch(拐杖) because I didn’t have the confidence in myself to take the scary road towards what I really wanted to do. As soon as I realized that, a lot of my anger just melted away. I also realized that I needed to start focusing on what I really wanted to do.
I now consider this incident as a great gift It got me back on track to moving in the direction I wanted to go with my life. I probably wouldn’t be where I am today if I hadn’t taken the time to figure out why I was really so angry.
8. What made the author angry at the meeting?
A. The system of the company was terrible.
B. Someone said his job is insignificant.
C. The policy of the company didn’t work.
D. The application he supported was of no effect.
9. What brought down the anger of the author?
A. The apology someone made at the meeting.
B. The crutch he used to take the scary road.
C. His awareness of the fact that the comment was true.
D. The courage he had to overcome the challenges.
10. Why did the author consider the incident as a gift?
A. It brought him back on track to the goal.
B. It helped him get promoted to a higher position.
C. It helped him change his character since then.
D. It provided him with confidence in his career.
11. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. How to Cope with Verbal Attack in a Company
B. Avoid Being Pointless at Work
C. Anger Is Harmful to Health
D. Understanding Yourself Better Through Anger
D
The founder of Earth Day was Gaylord Nelson, a U.S. Senator fromWisconsin. During the late 1960s, Americans witnessed the uninvited side effects of high productivity. Factories and power plants were sending out smoke and industrial waste while Americans were using petrol for their massive(大量的) cars, making air pollution almostsynonymous withthe nation’s development.
What moved Senator Nelson to action was the 1969 massive oil spill inCalifornia, the largest in theUnited Statesat that time. The spill proved to be an environmental nightmare as it had a significant effect on marine life, killing about 3,500 sea birds, as well as marine animals such as dolphins, elephant seals and sea lions, fueling public anger. Inspired by the student antiwar movement at that period of time, Nelson found it an appropriate
time to direct the energy of the students towards a fight for environmental protection. He decided that it was time to educate the Americans on the need to protect the environment. Thus Earth Day was born in 1970, and public environmentalawareness took centre stage.
On 22ndApril 1970, millions of Americans took to the street and thousands of students marched to appeal for a healthy, sustainable environment. There was now a new synergy(协同作用) among different groups which had previously been fighting their causes related to the environment. Their fight for environmental conservation became so overwhelming that affected businesses were forced to follow environmental standards if they wanted to continue their operations.
As it became more apparent that environmental issues were not just localized ones but a global concern, the year 1990 saw Earth Day reach out to many more around the world. Earth Day 1990 helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit inRio de Janeiro, bringing together many nations for a united effort towards protecting the environment.
12. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “synonymous with” in paragraph 1?
A. familiar with
B. opposite to
C. different from
D. equal to
13. Why did Nelson found Earth Day?
A. To support students’ antiwar movement.
B. To draw people’s attention to the seriousness of the oil spill.
C. To arouse American’s awareness of environmental conservation.
D. To educate Americans to protect marine life threatened by oil spill events.
14. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Businesses would like to follow environmental standards.
B. Earth Day united people to fight for environmental protection.
C. It was the side effects of high productivity that led Nelson to take action.
D. The 1992 United Nations Earth Summit made Earth Day known to more countries.
15. The passage mainly talks about_______.
A. how Earth Day came into being
B. why Earth Day was so significant
C. who the founder of Earth Day was
D. what Earth Day meantto the world
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
How to Preserve Your Culture
Look at any object m your house, meal you eat, or gesture you use, and vou5ll find evidence of culture. Cultural traditions are everywhere and have shaped who you are.____16____.
Share your culture’s art
Each culture’s art has its own unique characteristics.___17___. You’ll be overjoyed to share your culture with people from other places, such as your hobbies, jobs, crafts, and what you do for fun. This includes traditional art work you would find in a museum.
___18___
Your country, village or religious group almost certainly celebrate major holidays or cultural festivals. Travel to join in these events to get a better understanding of your culture. You can also organize your ownevent if possible.
Cook family recipes(菜谱）
___19___. Smell and taste have powerful connections to memory. As you make bread or try to guess the right amount of spices, you might remember meals from your childhood or holidays. Reading recipes can teach youa lot. Even if some of them are unfamiliar, others have most likely become your comfort food or a source of family pride.
Spend time with other members of the community
The best way to preserve your culture is to keep it alive.____20____. You can also gather for ordinary meals, events, or just conversation. Many aspects of culture are difficult to learn in books and museums, including etiquette, body language, and humor.
A. Attend or organize major events
B. It’s important to copy it from others
C. You can gather for holidays as a group
D. Find an expert willing to explain it to you
E. Here are some tips on how to keep them strong
F. Try to learn recipes from your grandmother’s cookbook
G. For example, it has its own clothing, music, storytelling traditions, and many more
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
When I first walked into a Tai Chi class, I had no idea this eastern movement practice would become so central in my life. It___21___I was not just there for exercise! For many years now it has beenmy continuing___22___to share Tai Chi with students of all ages and walks of life.
Many people begin classes wanting to grow stronger, more___23___, and flexible. Others are looking for effective ways to___24___with stress, the constant demand and trouble of modem life,___25___some had seen a TV ad they couldn't remember, describing a group calmly doing Tai Chi in the park, and it___26___their curiosity about a different route to health.
Concentrating on___27___posture and breathing control, Tai Chi's movements are graceful and well balanced,___28___the complete harmony of body and mind. It is different from western sports such as rugby where the harder and quicker the___29___. Tai Chi is a sport that strengthens the body as well as the___30___from the within. All of these are powerful benefits of Tai Chi.___31___,1 have found that consistent practice of these forms develops my everyday experience, and___32___the way for growth.
I've been a___33___in various schools over the years, and delight in watching___34___we each find our own keys to learning. It’s a privilege to accompany and___35___that process in my students. I am___36___by the marvelous teachers with whom I've had the good fortune to work. All of my___37___take place in beautiful old buildings. The first class is free to newcomers___38___they may try it out with no commitment. I invite you to___39___with questions, or to register for classes. Whether you are young or aged, male or female, you can choose Tai Chi as your___40___physical exercise.
21. A. breaks out B. turns out C. makes out D. puts out
22. A. task B. hope C. burden D. pleasure
23. A. wealthy B. healthy C. comfortable D. balanced
24. A. play B. begin C. deal D. mix
25. A. Possibly B. Obviously C. Surely D. Apparently
26. A. aroused B. destroyed C. applied D. completed
27. A. fantastic B. correct C. extreme D. comfortable
28. A. admitting B. extending C. realizing D. promoting
29. A. faster B. slower C. better D. worse
30. A. mind B. movement C. confidence D. memory
31. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Instead
32. A. cut B. close C. obtain D. clear
33. A. stranger B. student C. teacher D. colleague
34. A. when B. how C. where D. why
35. A. support B. relieve C. forgive D. comfort
36. A. praised B. demanded C. inspired D. commanded
37. A. schools B. teachers C. grades D. classes
38. A. so that B. even though C. now that D. in case
39. A. pursue B. examine C. consult D. accommodate
40. A. familiar B. ideal C. favorite D. imaginary
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
In 1985, there was little rainfall in Ethiopia, which____41.____(lead) to poor harvests and the death of many of the country's cattle. Bob Geldof organized a charity concert to help the victims. In wrestling with the dilemma of worldwide hunger, the United Nations set up an agency,____42.____(call)the World Food Programme.
Today, some developing countries in Africa, Asia and South America still need help in order not to fall further behind. The sad truth is that____43.____(mere) sending loaves of bread is far from enough.There is____44.____saying that goes,'Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man____45.____(fish), and you feed him for the rest of his life'. In a bid to find a permanent solution to this long-term problem, countries need to develop.
____46.____developing countries need most is to stop____47.____(poor) by fighting the causes of it. Another way to help is through the development of private enterprise along with job training. Finally. we must remember that the future of a country lies in the hands of____48.____(it)children.
A lot is being done,____49.____we cannot pretend that the fight is over._____50._____(great) efforts need to be made so that people all over the world live better lives.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Last Saturday, I promise my parents that I would cook dinner for them. The reason was why I would like to make the weekend meaningful and enable them to enjoy a good dinner after a tired day.This afternoon, I decided to make tomato soup and another dish, used eggplants and meat. To ensure her success, I first searched with relevant recipes online and then began my work. With the help of the recipes and my memories of how to my mother usually cooks dishes, I finished them within two hour. My parents were great surprised when they tried my delicious dishes. I'm proud myself and confident that I can cook more tasty dishes in the future.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文.续写的词数应为150左右.
My mom is really a good cook（I bet all of us have this same claims）and she never really taught me how to cook.She enjoys experimenting various dishes and occasionally she will ask for my help to grind chili，onions or garlic.Basically all simple chores.I sometimes look at how she prepares the dishes and became more observant over the years.Every day she will buy meat or vegetables from a local market near us and just store it in the fridge to be cook later for dinner.She works for the government and she is not available to cook lunch.Every day after coming back from school I would always open the refrigerator and see what she bought and I can always tell what will be for dinner that night.If I see chicken，potatoes and shredded coconut，I would be very excited because I know she will make my favorite dish – Chicken Curry.
My parents do okay but we are by no means wealthy.I think we are comfortable in our daily basic needs but we definitely have no room for luxuries.But when it comes to our dinner，my mom will always make 3 dishes for dinner without failure.It’s almost like eating in a restaurant.I have to admit I was spoiled by my mom when it comes to my eating habits and have high expectations when eating somewhere else.
One day my mom came back from work in the office and she was really in bad mood.She was complaining about how untidy we are and we（my siblings）never contributed in the household chores.To me that is not a fair statement as my elder brother and I took turns to wash the dishes.I was also given the privileged of ironing my mom and dad’s office attire each week.I was 14 at that time and being a boy，I have no intention of letting my friends know.Most of my friends have a maid to do all this but my parents simply couldn’t afford one.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
Back to the scenario（情形）where my mom was in bad mood and complaining about our lack of involvement
with the chores.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
I tried my best to remember what the taste were like if my mom were to cook it.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________
参考答案
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D
12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A
16. E 17. G 18. A 19. F 20. C
21. B 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32.
D 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. B
41. led
42. called 43. merely
59 a 44. to fish
45. What 46. poverty
47. its 48. yet## but
49. Greater
51.(1). promise→promised (2). why→that (3). tired→tiring (4). use→using (5). her→my (6). with→for (7). 删除to (8). hour→hours (9). great→greatly (10). 在myself前面加of
52.略。