高二英语阅读理解(社会文化)试题类型及其解题技巧

高二英语阅读理解(社会文化)试题类型及其解题技巧
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
At one time or another in your life you have probably done origami, even if it was just making a paper airplane or something more complicated like a paper crane. The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.
But did you ever stop to think how the same techniques might be applied to engineering? Equipment that could be of real practical use? Origami meets the demand for things that need to be small when transported and large when they arrive, like the everyday umbrella. In fact, origami-inspired creations have already flown in space; in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.
'It's now mathematically proven that you can pretty much fold anything," says physicist Robert J. Lang, who quit his engineering job eight years ago to fold things full time. Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard. He is currently working on a space telescope lens that, if all goes according to plan, should be able to unfold to the size of a football field.
At the other end of the scale, researchers are also working on tiny folding devices that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and computing. There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory.
Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine. "Some day," says MIT's Erik Demaine, "we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers. Too much like science fiction to be true? Maybe—though you certainly wouldn't want to bet against it."
（1）What do we know about origami?
A. It consumes lots of time.
B. It involves interesting ideas.
C. It requires complex techniques.
D. It has to do with cutting and pasting.
（2）Which of the following is an application of origami?
A. A space telescope lens can be folded to the size of an umbrella.
B. A satellite is equipped with solar panels and a folded map.
C. An airbag can be better folded into a dashboard of a car.
D. A future computer contains many huge folded motors.
（3）What is Erik Demaine's attitude towards origami engineering?
A. Hopeful
B. Doubtful.
C. Disapproving.
D. Ambiguous.
（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Entertainment.
B. Culture.
C. Education.
D. Pop-science.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术，而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域，人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。

折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.”可知，折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术，我们不用裁剪或拼贴，只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西，由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Lang, an orig ami enthusiast since age six, advised a well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagin e”可知Erik Demaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象，由此可推测Erik Demaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.”；第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”；第四段中的“There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory. ”和第五段中的“‘Some day,’ says MIT's Erik Demaine, ‘we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers.’”可知卫星，安全气囊的折叠，未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人，这些都和科学技术相关，故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
The final results of Best-Ever Teen Fiction vote are in. While it's no surprise to see Harry Potter and The Hunger Games series on top, this year's list also highlights some writers we weren't as familiar with. For example, John Green, author of The Fault in Our Stars, appears five times in the top 100.
Summer, like youth, passes quickly. But the books we read when we're young can stay with us for a lifetime. The following are the top 4 on the list. Enjoy.
⒈Harry Potter series
The Harry Potter books make up the popular series written by J. K. Rowing. The series includes seven books. The books concern a wizard (魔法师) called Harry Potter and his journey through Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The stories tell of him over coming dangerous obstacles to defeat the dark wizard Lord Voldemort who killed his parents when Harry was 15
⒉The Hunger Games series
In the ruins of a future North America, a young girl is picked to leave her poor district and travel to Capitol for a battle to the death in the cruel Hunger Games. But for Katniss Everdeen, the main character in this series by Suzanne Collins, winning the Games only puts her deeper in danger as the strict social order of Panem begins to unravel (瓦解).
⒊To Kill a Mockingbird
Author Harper Lee explores racial tensions in the fictional "tired old town" of Maycomb, Ala. , through the eyes of 6-year-old Scout Finch. As her lawyer father, Atticus, defends a black man accused of a crime, Scout and her friends learn about the unjust treatment of African-Americans – and their mysterious neighbor, Boo Radley.
⒋The fault in Our Stars
Hazel Grace, a teenage girl, has got all sorts of cancer inside her body, and her lungs aren't working very well. She knows she is dying and doesn't live in hope any more. When a man named Augustus Waters suddenly appears at the Cancer Kid Support Group, Hazel's story is about to be completely rewritten.
（1）What do we know about John Green?
A. One of his novels tops the list.
B. Many of his novels are very popular.
C. He is the favorite writer of many teens.
D. He was a well-known writer long before the vote.
（2）Who is the author of The Hunger Games series?
A. Harper Lee.
B. John Green.
C. J. K. Rowling.
D. Suzanne Collins.（3）What is To Kill a Mockingbird mainly about?
A. Lifelong friendships.
B. Racial discrimination.
C. A man working as a lawyer.
D. A little girl's difficult childhood.
（4）Hazel in The Fault in Our Stars ______.
A. is very optimistic
B. writes a great story
C. makes many mistakes
D. is changed by Augustus.
（5）In which part of a newspaper can we find the text probably?
A. Sports.
B. News.
C. Literature.
D. Entertainment.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）B
（4）D
（5）C
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介绍了最受青少年喜爱的四部小说。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段this year's list also highlights some writers we weren't as familiar with. For example, John Green, author of The Fault in Our Stars, appears five times in the top 100. 可知，本年度的名单中出现了一些我们不是很熟悉的作家，比如John Green，在前100里出现了五次，可知，其小说很受欢迎，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第四段But for Katniss Everdeen, the main character in this series by Suzanne Collins可知，饥饿游戏的作者为Suzanne Collins，故选D。

（3）细节理解题。

根据本部分Author Harper Lee explores racial tensions in the fictional "tired old town" of Maycomb可知，杀死一只知更鸟，探讨种族歧视问题，故选B。

（4）细节理解题。

根据最后一段When a man named Augustus Waters suddenly appears at
the Cancer Kid Support Group, Hazel's story is about to be completely rewritten. 可知，当Augustus Waters出现的时候，Hazel的人生发生了改变，故选D。

（5）推理判断题题。

本文主要介绍四部受青少年喜爱的小说，故与文学有关，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻
找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

3．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Moscow city authorities have begun using comics (漫画) with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants (移民) how they should behave. They say a 100-page guide is needed
to "keep a positive image" of the city and could help reduce "tensions" between natives and migrants. But critics have pointed out that foreign migrants and natives may be regarded as antagonists in the manual (手册).
Russians and migrants have repeatedly flooded in Moscow recently. Many migrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus (高加索) and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital's job opportunities and relatively high salaries. A significant number of them work in the Russian capital illegally.
The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the "dos" and "don'ts" to migrants. They are urged
not to cause trouble, by staring at women, or eating or talking loudly on the streets. They are also warned that the police may routinely (例行公事) stop them to check their documents.
In the manual, Russia's famous "three warriors" are meant to represent the city's law enforcement agencies (执法机关), while Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (a historical character) is used for tours around Moscow. Meanwhile, Vasilisa the Wise and The Snow Maiden test the reader on Russia's language and history. A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow's strict residency and employment rules, stressing that migrants could otherwise be deported (驱逐出境) or banned from entry.
The manual was written primarily for illegal migrants, Alexander Kalinin, who heads the group Support for Working Migrants in Moscow, told BBC Russian.
"We want to raise their level of law awareness," he added.
Migrant characters had initially (最初) been identified as representatives of different nationalities, but the book's authors later decided to drop this idea so as "not to offend anyone",
said Mr. Kalinin.
"The old conflict between Russian heroes and non-Slavic invaders is being revived," Yevgeny Varshaver, a migration expert told BBC Russian. He also suggested that the language used in the book would be "difficult" to understand for some migrants who were not native Russian speakers.（1）The underlined word "antagonists" in Paragraph 1 can probably be replaced by "________".
A. friends
B. acquaintances
C. cooperators
D. opponents
（2）People from other countries come to Moscow "________".
A. to find well-paid jobs
B. to have a new lifestyle
C. to enjoy the fine climate
D. to experience a new culture
（3）The third paragraph is mainly about "________".
A. consequences the migrants may suffer
B. the purpose of publishing the handbook
C. the measures to attract foreign migrants
D. characters and their functions in Russian fairytales
（4）Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
A. Ways to help foreign migrants to settle in Russia
B. Characters from Russian fairy tales have new jobs
C. More and more foreign migrants to work in Moscow
D. Moscow fairy tale comics to help migrants behave
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的"They say a 100-page guide is needed to ‘keep a positive image’of the city and could help reduce "tensions" between natives and migrants."可知，他们说需要一份100页的手册来保持城市的积极形象，并有助于缓解当地人和移民之间的紧张关系，但批评人士指出，手册中可能把外国移民和本国人视为敌手，由此可知画线词词义为“敌手、对手”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Many migrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus (高加索) and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital's job opportunities and relatively high salaries."可知，很多移民涌入莫斯科是因为他们被莫斯科相对较高的工作机会和薪水所吸引，故选A。

（3）考查段落大意。

根据第三段中的"The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the ‘dos’ and ‘don'ts’ to migrants."可知，新的俄语手册试图向移民解释该做什么和不该做什么，由此可知本段主要是介绍出版新手册的目的，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的"Moscow city authorities have begun using comics (漫画) with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants (移民) how they should behave."可知，本文介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归
纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Climate change is perhaps the key issue of our time. Often, however, it is presented to us as being so abstract that it seems impossibly distant. For those of you looking for something a little more concrete, a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.
The report, put out by The Climate Institute, describes the effects of climate change on various coffee-growing nations and the resultant effects on the plants and those who grow them.
Coffee Arabica plants, which produce 70% of all commercial coffee, can be adversely affected by even a half-degree change in typical weather conditions. This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.
In Central America the average temperature has risen by a full degree Celsius since 1960. In Ethiopia the average temperature has increased by 1. 3 degrees. This increase is enough to have notable effects on the plants. In Tanzania the productivity per hectare of coffee has fallen by half since the 1960s due to changes in temperature.
Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half. Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations (海拔) to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas. Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies. Millions of people make a living in the production, processing, transport, and sale of coffee; their livelihoods would stand to take a blow as growing areas decrease and prices rise.
As the temperature keeps rising, your cup of coffee will become much more expensive, and it may also carry an aftertaste bitterer than usual, for all those workers in the coffee belt left without the means to make a living as conditions worsen. Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.
（1）What does the underlined word "adversely" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. slightly B. temporarily C. harmfully D. gradually
（2）Why will people have to grow coffee in highland areas?
A. To adapt to the change of temperature.
B. To increase the quality of the products.
C. To reduce the cost of coffee production
D. To get access to water supply more easily.
（3）What conclusion can we draw from the last two paragraphs?
A. The rich will get richer and the poor poorer.
B. Small changes may have large effects in general.
C. Developed countries ought to aid poor countries.
D. Coffee trade will eventually disappear in the world.
（4）How does the author feel about the future of coffee production?
A. Cautious.
B. Worried.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Hopeful.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。

到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。

咖啡产业的变化会对社会造成很多影响。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.”这种对温度的敏感性增加了植物受到气候变化影响的风险。

由此推断出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的产量占所有商业咖啡的70%，在典型的天气条件下，即使气温只上升了半度，也会对其产生不利影响。

"adversely"意思是有害的，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas.”咖啡生产很可能会被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的温度，但这将不足以弥补失去的低地地区。

由此推断出，人们要在高地地区种植咖啡是为了适应温度的变化，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies.”咖啡是发展中国家的第二大贸易商品，而生产国无法出口咖啡，可能会在其经济中引发巨大的连锁反应)和最后一段中的“Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.”不仅如此，其经济影响还将使西方国家在增加对外援助方面损失数百万美元。

由此推断出，这些小的变化也可能产生大的影响，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“a new report suggests that the effects of climate ch ange may significantly affect coffee.”一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。

和第五段中的“Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half.”事实上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。

由此推断出，作者对咖啡生产的未来很担忧，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Over the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders' main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.
Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾) ability. It's a very common thing for gymnasts, so it's easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts
and throws. This is where the "fliers" are thrown in the air, held by "bases" in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.
Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That's why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.
Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.
Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for it are five times the number than for any other sport, partially because cheerleaders don't use protective equipment. Smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates, which may easily cause injuries. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.
There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. Hopefully, it will appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.
（1）What is the main purpose of competitive cheerleading?
A. To compare skills of participants.
B. To make the audience feel amused.
C. To attract more people to watch events.
D. To cheer up the competitors on the court.（2）The underlined word "integrate" in Paragraph 2 probably means "________".
A. examine
B. combine
C. identify
D. replace
（3）We can learn from the passage that competitive cheerleading ________.
A. lacks necessary guidelines to follow
B. enjoys greater popularity than other sports
C. requires more designed actions than gymnastics
D. has a relatively high rate of damage to the body
（4）Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A. B. C. D.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竞技啦啦队不同于普通的啦啦队，它是一项具有专业技能的运动，有自己的规则，融入了一些体操的技能。

队员必须有团队精神，队员的受伤率很高。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.和Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity.”及最后一段中的“There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. ”竞技啦啦队是竞争性的运动，是一项具有专业技能的运动。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy.”通常这些竞技啦啦队长会将他们的体操经验融入其中，包括跳跃、翻滚和总能量。

"integrate"指整合，结合，融入与combine同义，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries.”及“Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.”可知，竞技啦啦队很容易造成队员受伤，会造成身体多个部位的伤害。

故选D。

（4）考查文章结构。

第一段是总体介绍竞技啦啦队，第二段介绍其包括内容和标准，第三、四段介绍其难度很高，第五段介绍竞技啦啦队受伤率很高。

最后一段得出结论竞技啦啦队是一项专业技能的运动。

属于总分总结构，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和文章结构三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
On the banks of Tanzania's Lake Eyasi lives the world's last hunter-gatherer tribe (部落) — the Hadza. They don't grow food, raise animals or build houses. Instead they live a life unchanged for more than ten thousand years.
Their world is one of complete freedom — something modern society can barely imagine and is unlikely to ever experience, let alone have the skills to stay alive. Text messages and phone calls don't exist. Nor do cars and electricity. No jobs, timetables, and social structures. No laws, taxes
and unbelievably, no money —the closest thing to currency (交易) is the trade for a pair of shorts with a neighboring tribe.
We spent our time with the Hadza hunting baboons (狒狒), a daily activity for the men. Their land is packed with sharp bushes, poisonous snakes and man-eating lions. But a successful hunting trip is the difference between eating or going hungry.
The Hadza diet consists mainly of honey, fruit and meat. Men often hunt in pairs to shoot animals with bows and arrows. The Hadza show us how to track animals, from baboons to snakes to lions. They are hugely skilled with their handmade bows and arrows —we have a go and barely get the arrow to go three feet in front of us.
The language of the Hadza is believed to be the oldest still-spoken language known to man. The Hadza don't have conflict, and have no memory of starvation. Their population never reaches numbers that cannot be supported through hunting or gathering. They never get from their land more than they need.
Unlike modern-day office workers, the Hadza enjoy an extraordinary amount of free time. Their “work” —hunting for food —takes up around five hours of their day. They've been in such a state of peaceful existence for thousands of years.
（1）We can learn from the text that the Hadza_______.
A. lead a very simple life
B. live on traditional agriculture
C. have their own system of currency
D. show a lot of interest in new technology
（2）Which of the following can describe the Hadza's environment?
A. Stressful.
B. Comfortable.
C. Exciting.
D. Dangerous.
（3）The relationship between the Hadza and nature_______.
A. is going wrong
B. is full of conflict
C. is in perfect harmony
D. is changing all the time
（4）Why does the author come to visit the Hadza?
A. To study their native language.
B. To get to know their way of life.
C. To learn survival skills from them.
D. To persuade them to protect animals.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了哈扎人的生活方式：他们生活简单，主要以狩猎为生。

他们和大自然和谐相处，长期以来过着平和的生活。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段和第二段中的“Instead they live a life unchanged for more than ten thousand years. Text messages and phone calls don't exist. Nor do cars and electricity. No jobs, timetables, and social structures. No laws, taxes and unbelievably, no money —the closest thing to currency (交易) is the trade for a pair of shorts with a neighboring tribe.”可知，他们过着一万年不变的生活……短信和电话根本不存在。

汽车和电力也没有。

没有工作、时间表和社会结构。

没有法律、税收。

难以置信的是，没有钱。

由此可以推知，the Hadza过着非常简单的生活。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Their land is pack ed with sharp bushes, poisonous
snakes and man-eating lions”可知，他们的土地上满是锋利的灌木丛，毒蛇和食人狮。

由此可知，他们的环境非常危险。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“The Hadza don't have conflict, and have no memory of starvation. Their population never reaches numbers that cannot be supported t hrough hunting or gathering. They never get from their land more than they need.”可知，哈扎人没有冲突，也没有饥饿的记忆。

它的人口从未达到通过狩猎或采集无法维持的数量。

他们从自己的土地上得到的东西从来不超过他们所需要的。

由此可知，他们和自然和谐相处。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，本文介绍了哈扎人的生活方式：他们生活简单，主要以狩猎为生。

他们和大自然和谐相处，长期以来过着平和的生活。

由文章的主要内容可以推知，作者来参观the Hadza就是为了了解他们的生活方式。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Beneath the water in the China's Qiandao Lake lies a hidden treasure. The ancient city of Shi Cheng (also known as Lion City), located in the province of Zhejiang, has been submerged underwater for 53 years. Shi Cheng was founded about 1,300 years ago in a valley surrounded by the Five Lion Mountains. When the Chinese government decided they needed a new hydroelectric power station (水力发电站)，a dam and man-made lake were constructed and the city was left at the bottom of this new body of water. Now, it sits at depths ranging from 85 feet to about 103 feet.
Much like the Machu Picchu ruins in Peru, this underwater city remained forgotten until some renewed interests lead to its rediscovery. Qiu Feng, a local official in charge of tourism thought about utilizing Shi Cheng for entertainment on the lake and as a destination for diving clubs. On September 18, 2001, scuba divers made their first attempt underwater. "We were lucky. As soon as we dived into the lake, we found the outside wall of the town and even picked up a brick, "Qiu told Guangzhou Daily in an interview. More research was conducted, and it was discovered that the entire town was intact (1881), including wooden beams and stairs. After the initial findings, international archaeologists and a film crew then recorded the preservation of the lost ruins.
Looking at surface of the lake, dotted with over 1,000 islands, you'd never know that an entire city was below.
It's incredible to think that after all this time, the structure still remains intact and we could one day visit it. Until then, Shi Cheng will continue to remain inconspicuously submerged.
（1）Why was Shi Cheng covered by water according to the passage?
A. Because the city has a long history.
B. Because the government could attract more tourists by doing so.
C. Because the government needed to build a power station where it was.
D. The mountains surrounding the city led to the consequence.
（2）What does the underlined word "initial" mean in paragraph 2?
A. Original
B. Great
C. Wonderful
D. Amazing
（3）What is the most unbelievable part of Shi Cheng according to the passage?
A. It has something to do with Machu Picchu ruins in Peru.
B. No one was interested in the lost city for a long time.
C. Its structure keeps perfect in the water for a long time.
D. There are over 1,000 islands protecting the lost city.
（4）Who will most probably come to visit the lost city?
A. Someone who likes swimming.
B. Someone who likes diving.
C. Someone who likes climbing mountains.
D. Someone who likes taking pictures.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，浙江古城--石城在多年前被埋在水下，后被人们发现。

最令人惊叹的是整座城市保存得很完整。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“When the Chinese government decided they needed a new hydroelectric power station (水力发电站) , a dam and man-made lake were constructed and the city was left at the bottom of this new body of water.”可知当时中国政府决定他们需要一个新的水电站，就建立了一个大坝和人工湖,然后这座城市就被留在了水底。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“After the initial findings, international archaeologists and a film crew then recorded the preservation of the lost ruins.”可知在的发现之后，国际考古学家和一个摄制组记录下了失落的遗址的保存（情况）。

由此推断前面那些发现是"最初的"，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“It's incredible to think that after all this time, the structure still remains intact and we could one day visit it.”可知令人难以置信的是，经过这么长时间，这座建筑仍然完好无损并且我们有一天可以参观它。

也就是说石城最难以置信的部分就是它在水下这么长时间还保持完好，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Now, it sits at depths ranging from 85 feet to about 103 feet”可知石城现在在水下85英尺到103英尺。

石城在水下很深的地方，所以参观石城需要潜水，所以最有可能去游玩的是那些喜欢潜水的人，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and。