牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-9-非谓语及五选四_学案

学科教师指导教案
课程主题：17-9-非谓语及五选四
1.认识动词不定式在句中的成分、用法及否定形式。

学习目标 2.认识动名词在句中的成分、用法。

3.掌握不定式与疑问代词、疑问副词连用做宾语的用法。

教课内容
1.掌握动词时态语态剖析以及词转专题剖析
一.非谓语动词
【知识梳理】
1.动词不定式的用法
1) 作主语：动词不定式作主语时常常放在谓语动词的后边，并用it 作形式主语。

例： To talk with him is a great pleasure.
=It is a great pleasure to talk with him.
(1) 能够用for sb to do sth ．来说明不定式表示的动作履行者，即不定式的逻辑主语；某些形容词，如：kind ，good，nice， wrong ， right ， polite ， clever ，wise， foolish ，etc.作表语时逻辑主语常用of 惹起的短语。

例： 1t is very important for students to study hard.
It is unwise of him to start smoking.
=He is unwise to start smoking.
(2)常用不定式作主语的句型有：
It's difficult (important，necessary，easy，u nnecessary，etc.) for sb to do sth.
It's kind (good ，friendly ，polite ， careless， rude， cruel ， clever ，foolish ， brave， etc.) of sb to do sth.
2)作表语：不定式做表语常表示在谓语动词所表示的动作以后发生的动作。

例： His wish is to become a skillful worker.
注意：主语部分已有动作动词do（无论形式），作表语的不定式前省略to。

例： The only thing I can do now is go on with the experiment all by myself.
3) 作宾语：常有的直接带to 不定式的动词有like ， agree， decide，hope， learn ， wish ， etc.
例： Most of us like to watch football matches.
(1) 常有的能跟疑问词带to 连用的不定式的动词有decide， find out ，show， etc.
例： I showed them how to do it.
(2)不定式自带补语时 it 先行
例： We thought it wrong not to tell her the truth.
(3) 不定式不做介词后边的宾语，但介词except， but ， besides 除外，注意在这些介词前如有表示动作的动词do （无论形式），作宾语的不定式前省略to。

倒： She could do nothing but cry.
I have no choice but to go there.
洼意：有些动词，如hope，wish ， agree， pretend ， refuse， manage， beg，intend ； hesitate， offer ，
fail ，expect， decide ， prepare，promise 等后边只好用动词不定式作宾语。

4)作宾语补足语：句子中的宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。

例： He told me to be here on time.
在动词 make， let ， have， see，hear， look at ，listen to ， observe， feel ，notice，watch ， etc.后，作宾语补足语的不定式要省略“ to，”但在被动语态中作主语补足语时一定复原“ to"。

例： The boss made them work twelve hours a day.
I heard Bill sing an American folk song the other day.
I saw her come in ．
=She was seen to come in
注意：有些动词，如hope，suggest， demand， suppose， plan ， agree 等不可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语。

5)作定语：不定式作定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词以后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。

例： She has got a lot of questions to ask.
（1）作定语的不定式与修饰的名词能够是逻辑意义上的主谓关系。

例： He is the first person to run a marathon in less than two hours.
（2）作定语的不定式与修饰的名词也能够是逻辑意义上的动宾关系。

例： He has no house to live in but a lot of work to do.
（3）假如不定式的动词为不及物动词，应在动词后边加上适合的介词。

例： He is a nice person to work with.
6)作状语：不定式可用作目的状语、结果状语和原由状语。

例： I started early so as to get there before supper.
I opened the door to find the room empty.
I ’ m sorry to hear you are not well.
注意： so as to， in order to 都是表示目的的不定式短语，so as to 不可以放在句首，他们的否定式为so as not to/in
order not to 。

不定式作结果状语常用于“ too+adj./adv.+to do 或“ adj”./adv.+enough+to do 构造。

”
例： He is strong enough to lift the case.
2.动词不定式的否定形式
Not+to+ 动词原形组成；有时也能够用never to do 表示否定意义，语气更强。

例： We agreed not to lend him any money.
He promised never to tell her anything about this.
3.动词不定式与疑问词连用
疑问代词who ， what ， which 和疑问副词when ， where， how ， why 等后边能够接动词不定式，组成动词不定式短语，能够在句子中作主语、宾语、表语成分。

例： How to use the machine is a question. （不定式作主语）
He doesn ’ t know how to use the achinem.（不定式作宾语）
The question is when to hold the training class.（不定式作表语）
She told me where to find her little brother.（不定式作宾语补足语）
4.too to构造常表示否定意义
例： It ’ s too cold to go swimming today今.每日气太冷，不可以去游泳。

注意：在以下几种状况下，too to构造意思是表示一定，常译作“特别”。

1)too to与 only 连用（这时only too=very ）
例： I ’ m only too glad to help you.我特别快乐帮助你。

2)形容词 willing ， pleased， glad ， happy， ready， anxious 等。

例： The students are too anxious to know the examination results.
学生们特别急迫地想知道考试成绩。

3)与 not ， never 连用，表示“太不可以不”，“其实不太所以能”。

例： She is too wise not to see that ．她很聪慧，不会不理解那件事。

It's never too late to mend ．亡羊补牢，为时未晚。

5.动词不定式有五种不一样的主动和被动形式
1)一般式 to do ，表示的动作可能与谓语的动作同时发生，也可能在其以后发生。

例： I like to read English every morning.
2)进行式 to be doing ，表示不定式的动作已在进行，与谓语动词同时发生。

例： He seems to be reading something interesting now.
3)达成式 to have done，表示不定式的动作在谓语动词以前发生。

例： He seemed to have cleaned his bedroom yesterday.
4)被动式 to be done，表示该事情将要被做。

例： The new school in the country is to be built soon.
5)被动达成式 to have been done，表示该事情已被做。

例： The sick boy is said to have been sent to hospital already.
6.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种状况
1)在 too to和 enough to构造中，不定式的主动形式能够表示被动意义。

例： The .skirt is too small for me to wear.
The room is big enough to live in.
2)在 there be 句型中，能够用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

例： There is a lot of work to do.
=There is a lot of work to be done.
3) easy，difficult ， hard， cheap， expensive ， fit ， nice，pleasant， comfortable ， exciting
dangerous， bitter ， light ， heavy， good， interesting 等描绘事物特点的形容词，后边接动词不定式作状语时，常用主动形式表示被动意义，主语经常是物。

例： The picture is pleasant to look at.
4)动词不定式作定话时，若其逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语时，则能够用主动形式表示被动意义。

例： I have a lot of work to do ．（ I 是 to do 的逻辑主语）
Give me something to eat ． (me 是 to eat 的逻辑主语)
7.动名词的用法
1）作主语
例： Running is my favourite sport.跑步是我最喜爱的运动。

Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。

2）作宾语
（ 1）动词后加动名词doing 作宾语 V. + doing sth.
admit认可avoid防止complete 达成keep 持续appreciate感谢，欣赏
consider 以为delay 耽搁deny 否定detest 厌烦endure 忍耐
enjoy喜爱escape 逃走prevent 阻挡fancy 想象finish达成
imagine 想象mind 介怀miss 思念postpone 推practise训练
recall回想resent 厌烦resist抵挡resume 持续risk 冒险
suggest 建议face 面对include包含stand 忍耐understand 理解
forgive饶恕
例： Would you mind turning down your radio a little，please?
Mr Taylor and his wife enjoy traveling with children.
（ 2）词组后接doing
admit to ， prefer，to be used to，lead to，devote oneself to，object to，stick to，be busy，look forward to(to为介词）， no good，no use，It's worth，as well as，can't help，It's no use /good ， be tired of，be fond of，be capable of， be afraid of ， be proud of ， think of / about ， hold off ， put off ， keep on， insist on ， count on / upon，set about， be successful in ， be good at， take up， give up ， burst out ， prevent from
3）作表语
Her job is washing ，cleaning and taking care of the children.
8.直击考点
（ 1）只好接to + do 的动词有：decide， agree， hope， want，refuse， plan ，need， wish + to do①有些动词加to do 作宾语补足语，常有的有：ask，tell ， want ，teach + sb. + to do + sth.
（ 2）加to + do的重点句型有：
① It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.做某事花销某人多少时间/金钱
②It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事如何
③ Would you like to?
（ 2）后接省略to 的动词不定式的动词有：一感(feel)二听(hear，listen to)三让(have，make，let)四看(watch ， see， look at ，notice)半个帮助(help能够带to，也能够省略)改为被动语态时，to 要复原。

比如： This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week.
省略 to 的状况有：
① 神态动词后
②why not/why don ’t you
③would ratherthan doing ( 否定式—— not doing)
（3）加 doing 做非谓语的动词常考的有：enjoy ， finish ， mind ， suggest， miss， admit ， deny， keep，
imagine ，practice + doing sth.加doing的状况有：
①介词后+ doing比如：give up doing sth.，be interested in doing sth.等
②feel like + doing ( 喜爱做某事)/ prefer doing sth. to doing sth.( 更喜爱)
③to 作介词时的几个常用短语：look forward to/be used to/ pay attention to + doing
既可加 to do 也能够加doing ，并意思邻近的动词有：begin ， start，like ，love ，hate 既可加 to do 也能够加doing ，但意思不一样的动词有：
forget to do忘掉去做某事(事情还没有做)
forget doing忘掉做过某事( 事情已经做了，可是忘了)
remember to do记得去做某事(事情还没有做)
remember doing记得做过某事(事情已经做了)
regret to do ( 对将要做的事)遗憾
regret doing ( 对已经做过的事)遗憾
stop to do 停下往来做某事(去做此外一件事情)
stop doing停止做某事(停止正在做的事情)
【例题精讲】
例 1.He promised________his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.
A.see
B.seeing
C.saw
D.to see
例 2.Mario likes ____ cold hot dogs.
A.eat
B.eating
C.ate
D.is eating
【讲堂练习】
1.__________ (repair) my TV set cost me 100 yuan.
2.He prefers__________ (read) books at home to__________ (go) shopping on Sundays.
3.Thank you for__________ (tell) me the news.
4.I ’ m looking forward to__________ (receive) your letter soon.
5.Lucy told me__________ (wait) for her at home.
6.Will you please show me how__________ (use) it?
7.The boy is old enough__________ (dress) himself.
8.Would you like __________(climb) the mountain with me?
9.Is it necessary __________(learn) a foreign language?
10.Would you mind not__________ (smoke) here?
11.How long do you practice__________ (speak) English every morning?
12.We ’ re going to help _____ the trees.
A.watered
B.watering
C.to watering
D.water
13.The young man was often seen ____ by the lake.
A. to draw
B. to drawing
C.draw
D.drew
14.Who suggested ______ it this way?
A.doing
B.to do
C.to be done
D.do
15.It's no good ________ over split milk.
A. to cry
B. crying
C.cried
D.D
二.五选四
【知识梳理】
1.题型概括
该题型旨在考察学生关于词汇的正确运用以及句子基本构造的剖析能力，是简单得分的题型之一。

2.解题思路和技巧
往常状况下五选四是英语综合试卷中词汇与语法相联合的一部分，在详细解题过程中，主假如判断所给单词的词性，再联合详细的句子构造需要进行选择。

基本解题思路——经过判断单词的词性、词形和词义，来选择正确的单词。

① 第一判断词性
中考的选词填空由九选八改为两篇五选四，本质是降低了选择的难度。

所以在做选词填空的时候，应该先从词性的角度进行判断，将可能的词性挑选出来。

② 经过判断词形确立所填词或短语
判断出词性后，经过对该词的适合形式进行判断，也能够帮助解题：
① 第一判断词性
中考的选词填空由九选八改为两篇五选四，本质是降低了选择的难度。

所以在做选词填空的时候，应该先从词性的角度进行判断，将可能的词性挑选出来。

② 经过判断词形确立所填词或短语
判断出词性后，经过对该词的适合形式进行判断，也能够帮助解题：
③ 经过判断词义确立所填词或短语
词义判断在选词填空中，也是十分重点的。

所以，在中考复习中，需要增强对高频词汇的意义的累积。

平常在记忆单词时，要增强英译汉的训练。

掌握考纲单词以及词组的中文含义，依据上下文的情境，选择出适合的词语或短语。

3.增补概括——常有词性及用法
【例题精讲】
A.even
B.strong
e out
D.raise
E.connect though
例 1.What do mothers in your country do when a child’ s tooth falls out? Japanese mothers throw upper teeth under t house，and lower teeth onto the roof. The Japanese think a mouse can eat anything. So they say，‘ Your new tooth will
be
__________ just like a mouse’ s tooth!’，In mothersNigeria hide the tooth. A Nigerian mom says，‘ Mr. Mouse，
please do not eat this tooth ，or the new tooth will not __________ .If you eat this tooth，I will look for you everywhere
and kill you.’
How interesting that people in both Japan and Nigeria
__________ a baby tooth with a mouse! It’ s alsoting thatinteresthese two countries have similar customs __________
they are so far apart.
A.dangerous
B.drivers
C.better
D.responsibly
E.service
There ’ s new taxi business in Daker， the capital of the African nation of Senegal. Its name is Taxi Sisters and all of
its
__________ are women. They are getting a lot of attention，because until now only men were hired to drive taxis. In
fact ， when it comes to driving a taxi，some people think the women can do a __________job than the men.
Most taxis driven by men are old ， hot and uncomfortable. Also，the men usually have bad driving habits. They
drive on the sidewalks and do not obey traffic lights. This makes riding in their taxis __________ .
However ，Taxi Sisters cabs are brand-new ， and all the vehicles have air conditioning. Most city residents are
happy about the change. In addition to the added comfort，they feel that the women drive more
__________ than the men.
【讲堂练习】
A. discovers
B. equal
C. environment
D. precious
E. expresses
1.The story starts in a city called Zootopia ， which is a city like no other. It’ s a melting pot where animals from every
__________ live together — a place where no matter what you are ， from the biggest elephant to the smallest shrew( 地
鼠 )， you can be anything. But when the happy officer Judy Hopps arrives， she __________ that being the first rabbit
on a police station of big and tough animals isn’ t so easy. The littleto proverabbit hd e rselfcided.She jumps at the golden chance to deal with a case ， even if it means working with a fox， Nick Wilde， to solve the mystery （神秘） .
The film
__________ the meaning that we should never give up on a dream or settle down.
We’ re all
__________ ，and therefore should treat( 对待 ) others the way we wish to be treated. The film creates a sense of
inspiration ，encouraging both kids and adults to aim high，work hard and succeed.
2. A. serious B. simple C. against D. cancel E. focus
Many students suffer from stress in their daily lives. They are under stress because their lives are not balanced. They
(1)__________too much non studying ， dealing with pressure and worrying about what others think，and not
enough on other things. You may wonder whether stress is a (2)__________matter. The answer is“ Yes''. You should be aware that stress is a danger to your health. If you want to live a 1ong 1ife，you need to begin to fight (3)__________
stress from a young age.
Here are some ways to deal with stress and bring balance to your life:
Be positive. One way to (4)
__________your stress is through positive thinking，You should always look on the right side of life，and imagine
that you will have a happy and successful future.
1.This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts.
A. how you have observed
B. what you have observed
C. that you have observed
D. how that you have observed
2.This book ______Lucy’ s. Look! Her name is on the book cover.
A. must be
B. may be
C. can ’ t be
D. mustn’ t be
3.---- What are you going to do in the future?
---- I ’ d like to be a doctor _____ you are.
A.so
B.as
C.what
D.like
4.____ fine mornings ， old people get together and do exercise by the lake.
A.On
B.At
C.To
D.In
5.Excuse me. Can I ask for leave now?My mother was ill in the hospital.
______.
A. I'm sorry to hear that.
B. That's all right.
C. OK. Go ahead.
D. You are right.
A. directors
B. produced
C. rarely
D. gained
E. details
6.Zootopia ( 疯狂动物城 )， known as Zootropolis in Europe ， is a 2019 American 3D computer-animated comedy adventure film
__________ by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 55th animated feature (动画长片 ) in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series.
Byron Howard and Rich Moore are the
__________ of Zootopia and feature the voices of Ginnifer Goodwin，Jason Bateman，Idris Elba ， J.K. Simmons ，Tommy Chong ，Octavia Spencer ， Jenny Slate， and Shakira. It was released in the Disney Digital 3D，RealD 3D，and IMAX 3D formats on March 4，2019. Up to now ， Zootopia has __________ a total of $311.7 million worldwide. The film tells in all its __________the unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artist ( 骗子 ).
7.You can find many such__________ published books in the Shanghai Library.(news)
8.Sir Francois Hollande was elected president of__________ in 2019.(Frenchman)
9.The girls talked__________ all the way when they came out of cinema.(exciting)
10.I bought a storybook two weeks ago. (保持原句意思)
I
__________ a storybook for two weeks.
11.I think wealth is less important than health. (同义句变换)
I__________think wealth is__________important than health.
12.The red car belongs to my mother. ( 对划线部分发问)
__________ __________belong to your mother?
13.The decision to further all or part of your studies outside your country is a serious one，and one which for
most students will have a special life-long benefit. If you realize English will help you in your career and enrich your
personal life ， you will find that coming to England to study English is a very special e__________that you will never forget. I am very pleased to have this opportunity to invite you to join our English Language courses.
London is one of the world’ s outstanding c
__________ and trade center. You will liv e in one of the world’ s great cities. It provides the perfect arrangements in which to learn and develop English language skills. The international body of the students attending courses at English language Institutes in London provides an a__________ because it is a good chance for you to enjoy other cultures in surroundings
to develop personal character. As we prepare for the 21st Century，international communication has never been more important. To master a foreign language is becoming a useful tool for trade，industrial and professional s__________ .
Our aim at the English language Institutes is to d__________students’ English language skills in friendly and helpful conditions.
Supported by computer ， video and audio equipment ， and using sound classroom ， our team of teachers will
guide you through your c
__________ course of study ，you will receive excellent service and advice at every stage. Our out-of-class support staff
will help you settle in and make the most of your stay in London. Truly，you will enjoy yourself in London and make friendships that will last a lifetime. I hope we can welcome you to this e__________world of London. Come and see us !
Visit a class in any of the English Language Institutes. See for yourself why we encourage you to study in London.
14.
（上海徐汇区二模）Venus( 金星 ) has long been one of the most misunderstood planets. Like the earth，Venus has its own atmosphere. However ，the atmosphere is much thicker than that of the earth，which makes it difficult for modern
scientists to study. There is much we still do not know about what this planet is like. However ， using special machines ，scientists have?unlocked many of the long-hidden secrets in recent years.
Venus is in many ways Earth's sister planet. It is almost the same in size and chemistry as the earth. In other words，Venus is made up of almost the exact same types of materials as the earth，in about the same amounts.?
In the early days of Venus' 4-billion-year-old life，it would have appeared very similar to the earth. The two would have been almost the same. However ， over a period of a few million years ago，Venus took a very different course than the earth. Venus lies much closer to the sun than our planet. It has made Venus terribly hot.
Since it is closer to the sun ， Venus' temperature should be a little warmer than that of the earth. As the planet
warmed ， water which can be used to form oceans ， lakes and rivers ， evaporated（蒸发）． This increase in water
vapor ( 水蒸气 ) began a cycle of global warming. Water vapor is a very effective greenhouse gas.It caused the temperature
to rise and more water to evaporate The temperature then climbed still further.Today it is likely that all of Venus' water has evaporated into the atmosphere. This atmosphere effectively keeps the sun's energy and makes the surface to burn much hotter than it naturally would.
If you happen to find a way to survive the extreme heat on the surface of Venus ， you will quickly notice something strange about the days. Venus rotates（旋转）very slowly ， so that a day on Venus actually lasts longer than a year. Instead of the sun rising in the east and setting in the west ， the sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east when you are on Venus.
1.Both Venus and the earth have their own atmosphere ， don't they (1 分 )
__________
2. How can the scientists finally get to know more about Venus in recent years?(2分)
__________
3. Why is Venus considered the earth's sister planet?(2 分 )
__________
4. What has caused Venus to become completely different from the earth?（2分）
牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-9-非谓语及五选四_教案
__________
5.Please list some other strange natural phenomena( 现象 ) on Venus besides the heat( 2 分 )
__________
6 In recent year ， the earth faces the similar situation which makes Venus very hot. What do we call this kind of situation and what caused the problem on the earth? ( 3 分 )
__________
15.某校睁开“我是讲堂小主人”建议搜集活动，各班就此睁开议论，同学们纷繁讲话：“我希望能有足够的自主学习时间”“我喜爱的讲堂是每人都有一台笔录本电脑，方便上网查问”“课上我们能自由地议论，充足展现我
们的学习成就”等等。

请你联合同学们议论的结果，给校长以电子邮件的形式写一封信，建议什么样的讲堂形式
更加同学们喜爱，也更有益于同学们将来的发展。

内容须包含以下重点：
●What js your favorite class like?
●Please tell us an unforgettable experience you've had in your class.
●Please give at leastwo suggestions.
要求： 1．词数 80 词左右，提示词仅供参照；
2．邮件的格式已给出，开头、结尾不计入总词数；
3．文中不得出现真切的人名、校名；
4．请将答案写在答题卡相应的地点上。

1.情形社交与句转与首字母剖析
第21页/共21页。