9年级秋季英语基础冲刺培优上册-AD篇阅读理解-学生版(李丽莉)

Lesson 4
A篇专项训练
四种题型：
1. 细节理解题
☆考察方面：学生对相关信息的识别能力，答案一般可在原文定位到。

☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断。

☆干扰选项：一般与文中观点相反，不符，未涉及，特征是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容。

解题技巧：
通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：
（1）五个W （who ，which ，when ，where ，what ）和一个H（how ）；
（2）数字、日期、时间等；
（3）注意加强语气的词，排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是最佳答案。

细节理解类：
One of the most popular items in the school newspaper is the advice column. Here are some of the questions asked and their answers......
Q : I find it difficult to make friends . What do you think I should do ? Sara.
A : I can't advise you until I know more about you . Your problem may be that you are shy. On the other hand , it may be the opposite. You may be too bold. Write and tell me more about yourself.
1．Which of the following statements about Sara is right ?
A．Sara is very shy. B. Sara is quite bold.
C．Sara has too many friends . D . Sara doesn't receive suggestions.
【解析】
根据原文原句“Your problem may be that you are shy.”，和“You may be too bold.”，很多学生会直接选择A或者B。

很多学生在做阅读的时候都会直接在原文中定位信息找答案，但是实际做题过程中，在原文中定位到信息是需要进行理解的，而不能只是信息的简单定位。

否则就很容易选择错误的答案。

根据原文的提供的细节信息，再根据第三段整体的理解，可以得知正确答案应该是：D
2.词句猜测题
此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达
法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。

解题技巧：
（1）正确理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。

（2）根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：
①注意定义和解释；
②同义词或近义词的提示；
③近义词和反义词的提示；
④利用悬念的属种关系；
⑤借助已有知识或生活常识。

词句猜测类：
Another idea I liked was an invention by a scientist who thought his children watched too much TV. He linked to TV to an exercise bike so that the electricity to power the TV was generated by the bike. If the children wanted to watch a lot of TV, they had to ride very hard.
1.The word “generated” (in para 2, line 6) most probably means” ________”.
A. stored
B. produced
C. invented
D. transported 【解析】
根据原文“the electricity to power the TV was generated by the bike.”,同时结合问题，可以猜测出答案是B。

3. 推理判断题(不要自行推理+过度推理)
☆考察方面：透过文章的信息进入深刻的分析，归纳和推断得解。

☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断。

解题技巧：
（1）分析文章的主旨。

（2）分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。

（3）寻找文章的逻辑思路。

（4）核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。

推理判断类：
Every term, my school throws a "reward night" party. It is to make the students relax. It’s held
in the cafeteria from 6:30 pm to 8:00 pm.
Then I began to pay attention to the music. I had never heard a school play popular music in school! We were there for about an hour. But I began to get hungry. There were slices of pizza for sale, but I didn't want to borrow any more money. Even though it had been a really good party, I knew it was time to leave.
1.The writer may leave the party______.
A. at 6:30 pm
B. at 8:00 pm
C. at 7:30 pm
D. at 7:00 pm
【解析】
根据原文原句“It’s held in the cafeteria from 6:30 pm to 8:00 pm.”，很多学生会直接选择B。

但是根据原文中原句“We were there for about an hour.”和“I knew it was time to leave. ”进行推断，可以得知正确答案应该是选C。

4. 主旨大意题(Best title)
☆考察方面：学生对文章主旨的驾驭能力，答案一般需要合理的归纳和总结得到。

☆答题事项：通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视域要宽，紧抓对主题句搜索，按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声，指读，复视或停顿。

☆题目类型：
（1）主题型：找中心（Main Idea）
Example 1:These two passages are _____________.
A. diaries
B. reports
C. news
D. ads
（2）标题型：为文章选择标题（Title）
Example 2:What would the best title for the passage?
A. Good Health
B. The Old People in the Mountains
C. Long-lived People
D. The Secret of Long Life
本题是给文章选标题，实际上也是问及全篇的主旨。

（3）目的型：推断作者的写作意图（Purpose）
Example 3:The author's purpose in writing this passage is to________.
A．call on people to reject e-books
B．draw people’s attention to the disadvantages of e-books
C．criticize schools and business that don’t provide e-books
D．encourage people to use e-books
主旨大意类：
①②③
Hush now, my little one. Hush now, my sunshine. Hush now, piece of my heart. Go to sleep, my little one.
Go to sleep, my love.
Go to sleep. piece of my heart. Sleep, my little one.
While I sing to you.
Sleep, my little one.
Who is already asleep. My mama feeds me.
And washes my fur.
The first thing I see every
morning is her.
The last thing I kiss every night
is her face.
My mama is the very best one,
And sings like a bird,
And knows how I feel.
When I don’t say a wor d,
My mama is warm.
I can set the table.
I can sweep the floor.
I can wash my clothes.
And count to forty-four.
I can wash dishes.
And clean my bedroom.
And clean my bedroom.
There is so much I can do.
Now ask you.
1.What are the three poems mainly about?
A. Food and health
B. Hobbies and sports.
C. Family and love
D. Animals and humans.
【解析】
根据整篇诗歌可以得知文章主要是围绕着家庭和爱来展开的。

因此得出答案是C。

D篇专项训练
一、解题技巧：
1.通读全文。

通读全文、弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态
度，正确理解语境。

2.按题查读，即根据问题去寻找答案。

3.简练作答。

组织答案时，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写
等。

如需引用原文，要作适当改动，最好不要整句照搬.
4.认真核查。

逐一检查所填的词是否符合原文主旨和细节，是否答非所问，是否仍存在
语法、词汇拼写等错误。

5.答案形式要符合提问方式。

如原文中提问方式为“why”，那么就要用“because”引导的从
句来回答。

二、回答问题规范性：
1.用How提问，回答要以by开头。

A．How did the judge solve the student’s problem?
B．(The judge solved the problem) By making the restaurant owner hear the sound of the falling coins.
2.用where/when提问，要以介词in/ on/ at等开头。

A．Where did the student live?
B．In a small room near a restaurant.
A．When did Eppie Lederer begin to write an advice column for the Chicago Sun Times?
B．In 1955. (or: After she won a contest.)
补充：When提问的题目比较常见，但是要注意，一般不能照抄原文。

看下面三种表达：When did you come to Shanghai?
①在2012年→In 2012.
②两年前→Two years ago.
③当我是小孩子的时候→When I was a boy.
通过这几个句子，可知when提问有三种回答方法：
介词+时间点；时间段+ago; when+句子。

注意：1）用时间状语从句回答时，when不能省略。

2）特别注意表示时间的词前面是否有约数词如about, around等。

3.用how many提问，要注意数字前是否有限定词more than/ at least/about等。

A．How many readers do the two columns have?
B．Nearly 200 million readers (around the world).
4.用why提问，要以because(of) 开头回答, 或者以To do开头回答。

A．Why did the student feel afraid?
B．Because the judge said he was wrong / he had only a few coins/ he had no money.
A．Why did Lederer ask her readers to write letters to The U.S. Congress?
B．To make them pass the law.
5.用whom提问，要以介词with/by等回答。

A．Whom did Sam live with in the Wild Catskill Mountains?
B．He lived with himself.
6.How long提问时要注意区分在现在完成时态中要用for+一段时间（since+时间点）开头
回答，其他则直接回答。

A．How long have you stayed in Shanghai? B. For 3 years.
B. How long did it take you to go to school by bus? B. 3 hours.
7.注意回答时态：
A．How was the food in the restaurant?
B．The food was delicious/good.
8.反义疑问句：
Example 1. Both Eppie Lederer and Pauline Phillip love their jobs, don’t they?
Example 2. Both Eppie Lederer and Pauline Phillip don’t love their jobs, do they?
肯定回答：Yes, they do.（是的，他们喜欢他们的工作。

）
否定回答：No, they don’t.（不是的，他们不喜欢他们的工作。

）
注意：前面句子的否定词不影响回答，无论陈述句是肯定还是否定，反义疑问句的回答一定要遵循事实来回答，事实上是肯定的就回答Yes,事实上是否定的就回答No，
9.选择疑问句：
Based on her speaking, how do we stay young, to laugh or to cry?
回答时，不以yes/no开头，直接选择其中一项回答，即We stay young to laugh.
10.主观题：
要以文章中心思想为基础，通常看文章最后一段的意思，再用自己话概述。

A．As a teenager, will you run away from home? Why?
B．Because this was just the kind of forest he always dreamed about.
Test for Lesson 4
(1)
2018年闵行区二模【难度】☆☆☆
A. Choose the best answer (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案) (12分)
A nationwide survey released earlier this year said an average Chinese adult read less than eight books in 2015, among which 4.58 were paper books and 3.26 e-books. With digital books
becoming more popular, many people would find it hard to remember the last time they sat down in a bookstore and enjoyed a quiet moment.
But this does not mean that bookstores are losing their
customers. To lure more readers, bookstores are now bigger, more
beautiful and grander. Here are some of them.
Zhongshuge
Walking into a Zhongshuge bookstore is like entering a sea of
books, above the ceiling overhead, beneath the floor under your feet, on the walls, and under the steps of the staircases. Zhongshuge is known for its beautiful designs. The brand now has chains in Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Yangzhou.
The Bookworm
The Bookworm is bookshop, bar and café all in one. Hidden in downtown Beijing’s Sanlitun bar area, the place is among the most popular for foreigners looking for some international experience in the Chinese capital.
In addition to a large variety of books, the European-style shop also holds lectures and cultural events. It’s often possible for visitors to meet famous authors unexpectedly in the comfortable place. Paradise Time Travel Bookstore
Tibet(西藏) is a must-visit on many people’s travel lists. You can find the beauty of the ancient Tibetan style. Paradise Time Travel Bookstore is decorated in this way. But if you look closely, you will find it is a foreign language bookshop. This kind of mixture is a great surprise, isn’t it?
The Paradise Time Travel Bookstore is located near the Princess Wencheng Theater in Lhasa(拉萨).
Poplar Kid’s Republic
The Poplar Kid’s Republic, sitting in Beijing’s CBD area, is a fairyland of picture books for children.
The bookshop was selected among one of the most beautiful bookshops in the world by Flavorwire, a popular US news website about art and culture, in 2012.
The colorful designs inside are aimed at encouraging kids to explore books. Pushing the glass doors open, you will see children’s drawings and craftworks(工艺) hanging on the pink walls, leading you into a world full of imagination.
69.According to the survey, an average Chinese adult read less than ______ books in 2015.
A. 3.26
B. 4.5
C. 8
D. 9
70.We can find Zhongshuge in _______.
A. Yangzhou
B. Beijing
C. Suzhou
D. Lhasa
71.The underlined word ‘lure’ in paragraph 2 most probably means ______.
A. contact
B. attract
C. observe
D. choose
72.Flavorwire in the passage is ______.
A. a beautiful bookshop
B. a recent survey
C. a news website
D. a noisy bar
73.Which of the following is wrong according to the passage?
A. Chinese adults don’t read enough books on average.
B. We can meet some famous book writers in the Bookworm.
C. The Paradise Time Travel Bookstore is located in Beijing.
D. You will see children’s drawings in the Poplar Kid’s Republic.
74.The article is mainly about _______.
A. the importance of reading books
B. some popular E-books
C. the fun of travelling around
D. some beautiful bookstores in China
(2)
2018年杨浦区二模【难度】☆☆☆
A. Choose the best answer (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案) (12分)
Cruises are becoming more and more popular, with around 20 million passengers per year now enjoying holidays on board luxury（奢侈的）ships. More people see a cruise as the perfect way to sit back and do nothing, and enjoy time off work. But what is the effect on the environment of this trend?
Although it usually takes less energy for a vehicle to move through water than over land, cruise ships are often massive, with the biggest ones carrying up to 6,000 passengers. Moving such large
vehicles requires huge engines which burn as much as 300,000 litres of
fuel a day. One scientist has calculated that cruise ships create as much
pollution as 5 million cars going over the same distance. Because they
are out at sea, they also burn dirtier fuel that isn’t allowed on land. Unfortunately, no government has control over the amount of air pollution out at sea.
Cruises also produce huge amounts of rubbish, and cruise ships aren’t usually good at recycling. Waste water from showers and toilets is usually poured directly into the sea – as much per day as from a small town. Waste food from restaurants isn’t put into the sea, but still causes problems when brought back to the land.
Cruise ships also cause difficulties in the cities where they stop. Popular destinations can get five or six ships per day, with thousands of tourists at a time. Good for restaurants? No. Restaurant。