CANCER
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2019/1/11
基因不稳定
环 境、饮食 生物性因素
遗传易感性 酶的多态性
MSI 染色体不稳定
肿 瘤 发 生 机 制
修 复
Intereaction
作用后出现的分子产物 （基因与蛋白） DNA损伤
修 复
DNA突变 癌变
2019/1/11
Cancer Genetics
Cancer
as a Genetic Disease Mechanisms of Cancer Predisposition Clinical Characteristics of Cancer Families Multisystem Genetic Syndromes With a High Risk of Cancer Nonsyndromic Hereditary Cancer
Tissue Cell No. = Cell Proliferation - Cell Death
凋亡和抗凋亡基因 Apoptosis Gene and Anti-apoptosis Gene
2019/1/11
Adenoma
SNC6，SNC73
COX-2 正 常 粘 膜
SNC19，maspin，osteo
Non-specific:
Anemia Low fever Weight loss Inertia
Anorexia-cachexia and
others
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
Cancer Diagnosis
Diagnosis
of cancer should proceed in on orderly fashion:
An
altered cell population characterized by an excessive, nonuseful proliferation of cells that have become unresponsive to normal control mechanisms and to the organizing influences of adjacent tissues.
2019/1/11
Cancer Diagnosis: Molecular Pathology
Immunohistochemistry DNA
Content Diagnostic Molecular Genetics Techniques in the Molecular Genetic Diagnosis of Cancer Molecular Markers in Cancer Diagnosis Small Mutations Future Expectations
Thickening or lump in breast or
2019/1/11
elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness
Careful history (Details of risk factors including family history and current medication should be noted in the patients records) Thorough physical examination Laboratory examination Imaging examination
2019/1/11
Molecular Markers in Cancer Diagnosis
Chromosomal rearrangements DNA
rearrangements Mutation: K-ras, p53, APC
Small
Tissue-specific
Viral genomes
CANCER
—Principles & Practice of Oncology
Lisong Teng MD, PhD The Department of Oncological Surgery 1st Affiliated Hospital of ZJUMC
2019/1/11
Neoplasms (Tumor, Mass)
2019/1/11
Classification of Neoplasms
Benign tumor Malignant tumor (Cancer)
Carcinoma Sarcoma
Bordering tumor
2019/1/11
Essentials of Modern Oncologic Science
Essentials
of Moledular Biology: Genomics and Cancer Essentials of Signal Transduction Essentials of Immunology
2019/1/11
Principles of Oncology
Molecular
Biology of Cancer:
Oncogenes Identification of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes Function of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
2019/1/11
Tumor Related Genes
Cytogenetics
The
Cell Cycle Apoptosis Angiogenesis Invasion and Metastasis
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
癌基因和抗癌基因 Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes 组织细胞数量＝细胞增殖－细胞死亡
2019/1/11
Telomerase, Cell Aging and Cancer
Telomere Length
Stem & Tumor Cells Normal Cells
Critical Telomere Length
Time
2019/1/11
Moledular Biology of Cancer
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
Etiology of Cancer
Viruses
(DNA and RNA Viruses) Chemical Factors Physical Factors Hormonal Factors Cancer Genetics (Hereditary factors)
Local manifestations of cancer
Mass Pain Ulcer Bleeding
Obstruction
Metastatic Manifestations
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
Systemic Manifestation of cancer
2019/1/11
Function of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
Signal Transduction (ras) Extracellular Growth Factors (Sis) Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RET) Nuclear Proteins and Transcription factors (jun, BRCA1,2, myc, myb) Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Response (p53, RB, hMSH, MDM-2)
2019/1/11
transcripts
2019/1/11
高通量分析技术——Tissue Array
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
高通量分析技术——基因芯片(Gene Chip)
基因芯片技术日益成熟，在生命科学领域的应用更为广泛
Gene PM MM Oligo
检测大肠癌及转移灶的不同组织基因表达研究 正常组织、结肠癌及癌旁组织 肝转移组织及淋巴结转移灶 FAP的不同部位的组织块
2019/1/11
Pathology of Neoplasms
Carcinogenesis and
Tumorigenesis Tumor cell differentiation Growth pattern Growth rate (speed) Metastasis
Direct Extension Lymphatic Spread Vascular Spread Spread through Serous Cavities
2019/1/11
Clinical Manifestations
Cancer’s
seven warning signals
Change bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Cancer Prevention:
Preventing Tobacco-Related Cancers Diet and Chemopreventive Agents:
Fat: Breast Cancer, Colon Cancer, Prostate Cancer and
other Cancer Dietary Fibers Retinoids, Carotenoids, and Micronutrients Naturally Occurring Dietary Anticarcinogens Dietary Carcinogens Aspirin and Other Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and the Risk of Cancer Development Physical Activity and Body Weight Role of Surgery in Cancer Prevention
2019/1/11
Cancer Screening
What
is Cancer Screening? Evaluation of A screening Test Breast Cancer Screening Cervical Cancer Screening Skin Cancer Screening Prostate Cancer Screening Colorectal Cancer Screening Lung Cancer Screening
Oncogene, proto-oncogene
ras, myc, erb2, src, c-fos, c-jun etc.
Tumor suppress gene
RB, p53, APC, WT1 etc.
DNA damage and repair related gene
hMSH2, hMLH1, PMS1, PMS2
2019/1/11
Epidemiology of Cancer
Human
Carcinogenesis: The Nature of the Evidence Cancer Epidemiology by Site An Overview of Cancer Causes
2019/1/11
I
II
III
IV
癌
转 移
APC 甲基化
MCC DCC K-ras hMSH2 hMLH1 12p hPMS1 突变 hPMS2
P53
18q 突变 ? 缺失
nm23
17p 突变 . 缺失
?其它
5q 突变 . 缺失
ACF
内外因相互作用研究
ACF
Phenotype：不典型增生
Genotype： APC突变——13 exon 2/6 12 exon 4/6 p53、p21突变 DCC突变 2001,6 月，Dublin
基因不稳定
环 境、饮食 生物性因素
遗传易感性 酶的多态性
MSI 染色体不稳定
肿 瘤 发 生 机 制
修 复
Intereaction
作用后出现的分子产物 （基因与蛋白） DNA损伤
修 复
DNA突变 癌变
2019/1/11
Cancer Genetics
Cancer
as a Genetic Disease Mechanisms of Cancer Predisposition Clinical Characteristics of Cancer Families Multisystem Genetic Syndromes With a High Risk of Cancer Nonsyndromic Hereditary Cancer
Tissue Cell No. = Cell Proliferation - Cell Death
凋亡和抗凋亡基因 Apoptosis Gene and Anti-apoptosis Gene
2019/1/11
Adenoma
SNC6，SNC73
COX-2 正 常 粘 膜
SNC19，maspin，osteo
Non-specific:
Anemia Low fever Weight loss Inertia
Anorexia-cachexia and
others
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
Cancer Diagnosis
Diagnosis
of cancer should proceed in on orderly fashion:
An
altered cell population characterized by an excessive, nonuseful proliferation of cells that have become unresponsive to normal control mechanisms and to the organizing influences of adjacent tissues.
2019/1/11
Cancer Diagnosis: Molecular Pathology
Immunohistochemistry DNA
Content Diagnostic Molecular Genetics Techniques in the Molecular Genetic Diagnosis of Cancer Molecular Markers in Cancer Diagnosis Small Mutations Future Expectations
Thickening or lump in breast or
2019/1/11
elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness
Careful history (Details of risk factors including family history and current medication should be noted in the patients records) Thorough physical examination Laboratory examination Imaging examination
2019/1/11
Molecular Markers in Cancer Diagnosis
Chromosomal rearrangements DNA
rearrangements Mutation: K-ras, p53, APC
Small
Tissue-specific
Viral genomes
CANCER
—Principles & Practice of Oncology
Lisong Teng MD, PhD The Department of Oncological Surgery 1st Affiliated Hospital of ZJUMC
2019/1/11
Neoplasms (Tumor, Mass)
2019/1/11
Classification of Neoplasms
Benign tumor Malignant tumor (Cancer)
Carcinoma Sarcoma
Bordering tumor
2019/1/11
Essentials of Modern Oncologic Science
Essentials
of Moledular Biology: Genomics and Cancer Essentials of Signal Transduction Essentials of Immunology
2019/1/11
Principles of Oncology
Molecular
Biology of Cancer:
Oncogenes Identification of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes Function of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
2019/1/11
Tumor Related Genes
Cytogenetics
The
Cell Cycle Apoptosis Angiogenesis Invasion and Metastasis
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
癌基因和抗癌基因 Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes 组织细胞数量＝细胞增殖－细胞死亡
2019/1/11
Telomerase, Cell Aging and Cancer
Telomere Length
Stem & Tumor Cells Normal Cells
Critical Telomere Length
Time
2019/1/11
Moledular Biology of Cancer
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
Etiology of Cancer
Viruses
(DNA and RNA Viruses) Chemical Factors Physical Factors Hormonal Factors Cancer Genetics (Hereditary factors)
Local manifestations of cancer
Mass Pain Ulcer Bleeding
Obstruction
Metastatic Manifestations
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
Systemic Manifestation of cancer
2019/1/11
Function of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
Signal Transduction (ras) Extracellular Growth Factors (Sis) Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RET) Nuclear Proteins and Transcription factors (jun, BRCA1,2, myc, myb) Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Response (p53, RB, hMSH, MDM-2)
2019/1/11
transcripts
2019/1/11
高通量分析技术——Tissue Array
2019/1/11
2019/1/11
高通量分析技术——基因芯片(Gene Chip)
基因芯片技术日益成熟，在生命科学领域的应用更为广泛
Gene PM MM Oligo
检测大肠癌及转移灶的不同组织基因表达研究 正常组织、结肠癌及癌旁组织 肝转移组织及淋巴结转移灶 FAP的不同部位的组织块
2019/1/11
Pathology of Neoplasms
Carcinogenesis and
Tumorigenesis Tumor cell differentiation Growth pattern Growth rate (speed) Metastasis
Direct Extension Lymphatic Spread Vascular Spread Spread through Serous Cavities
2019/1/11
Clinical Manifestations
Cancer’s
seven warning signals
Change bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Cancer Prevention:
Preventing Tobacco-Related Cancers Diet and Chemopreventive Agents:
Fat: Breast Cancer, Colon Cancer, Prostate Cancer and
other Cancer Dietary Fibers Retinoids, Carotenoids, and Micronutrients Naturally Occurring Dietary Anticarcinogens Dietary Carcinogens Aspirin and Other Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and the Risk of Cancer Development Physical Activity and Body Weight Role of Surgery in Cancer Prevention
2019/1/11
Cancer Screening
What
is Cancer Screening? Evaluation of A screening Test Breast Cancer Screening Cervical Cancer Screening Skin Cancer Screening Prostate Cancer Screening Colorectal Cancer Screening Lung Cancer Screening
Oncogene, proto-oncogene
ras, myc, erb2, src, c-fos, c-jun etc.
Tumor suppress gene
RB, p53, APC, WT1 etc.
DNA damage and repair related gene
hMSH2, hMLH1, PMS1, PMS2
2019/1/11
Epidemiology of Cancer
Human
Carcinogenesis: The Nature of the Evidence Cancer Epidemiology by Site An Overview of Cancer Causes
2019/1/11
I
II
III
IV
癌
转 移
APC 甲基化
MCC DCC K-ras hMSH2 hMLH1 12p hPMS1 突变 hPMS2
P53
18q 突变 ? 缺失
nm23
17p 突变 . 缺失
?其它
5q 突变 . 缺失
ACF
内外因相互作用研究
ACF
Phenotype：不典型增生
Genotype： APC突变——13 exon 2/6 12 exon 4/6 p53、p21突变 DCC突变 2001,6 月，Dublin