1st and 2nd Conjugation Present System第一与第二的共轭系统
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3RD AND 4TH CONJUGATION PRESENT SYSTEM
Latin II Grammar Review: Lesson 3
Review of Terms
Conjugation: a group of verbs that share the same infinitive form -āre = 1st Conjugation -ēre = 2nd Conjugation -ere = 3rd Conjugation -īre = 4th Conjugation
capturing they are
Fourth Conjugation Verbs:
Present Tense
audio, audīre
Stem = audi
Pres Stem + o/i/u + P.E.
audio
audimus
audis
auditis
audit
I am hearing you are hearing he is hearing we are hearing y’all are hearing they are
facere (-) “ere” + i faci-
Fourth Conjugation
audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um
audīre (-) “re” audī
Personal Endings
Singular
Plural
-o/m (I) -s (you) -t (he, she, it)
2nd P.P.present infinitive; present stem
3rd P.P. 1st person singular, perfect
tense;
perfect active stem
4th P.P. perfect passive participle
The Formula for Present System
he is placing
pono
ponimus we are placing
ponis
ponitis
y’all are placing
ponit
ponunt
they are placing
Third Conjugation –io Verbs:
Present Tense
capio, capere
Fourth Conjugation Verbs:
Future Tense
audio, audīre
Stem = audi
Pres Stem + a/e + P.E.
audiam audies audiet
audiemus audietis audient
I shall hear you will hear he will hear we shall hear y’all will hear they will hear
P.E.
audiebam audiebamus audiebas audiebatis audiebat audiebant
I was hearing you were hearing he was hearing we were hearing y’all were hearing they were
Stem = capi
Pres Stem + o/i/u + P.E.
capio
capimus
capis
capitis
capit capiunt
I am capturing you are
capturing he is capturing we are capturing y’all are
Third Conjugation –io Verbs:
Imperfect Tense
capio, capere Stem = capi Pres Stem + eba +
P.E.
capiebam capiebamus capiebas capiebatis capiebat capiebant
Formation of Present Stems
Third Conjugation
pono, ponere, posui, positus – a, um
ponere (-) “ere” pon-
Third Conjugation –io
facio, facere, feci, factus– a, um
hearing
Third Conjugation Verbs:
Imperfect Tense
pono, ponere Stem = pon
Pres Stem + eba +
P.E.
ponebam ponebamus ponebas ponebatis ponebat ponebant
I was placing you were placing he was placing we were placing y’all were placing they were placing
-mus (we) -tis (y’all) -nt (they)
Third Conjugation Verbs:
Present Tense
pono, ponere
Stem = pon
I am placing
Pres Stem + o/i/u + P.E. you are placing
Third Conjugation –io Verbs:
Future Tense
capio, capere Stem = capi Pres Stem + a/e + P.E.
capiam capies capiet
capiemus capietis
capient
I shall capture you will capture he will capture we shall capture y’all will capture they will capture
hearing
Third Conjugation Verbs:
Future Tense
pono, ponere Stem = pon
Pres Stem + a/e + P.E.
ponam pones ponet
ponemus ponetis ponent
I shall place you will place he will place we shall place y’all will place they will place
Basic formula for present system Present Stem + Tense Sign + Personal Endings
Present Stem formed by removing the “ere” or “re” from the 2nd P.P.
If the vowel is long, it’s strong, so it stays
Review of Ted from the present stem 1. Present Tense 2. Imperfect Tense 3. Future Tense
Review of Terms
1st P.P: 1st person singular, present tense
I was capturing
you were capturing
he was capturing
we were capturing
y’all were capturing
they were
Fourth Conjugation Verbs:
Imperfect Tense
audio, audīre Stem = audi Pres Stem + eba +
Latin II Grammar Review: Lesson 3
Review of Terms
Conjugation: a group of verbs that share the same infinitive form -āre = 1st Conjugation -ēre = 2nd Conjugation -ere = 3rd Conjugation -īre = 4th Conjugation
capturing they are
Fourth Conjugation Verbs:
Present Tense
audio, audīre
Stem = audi
Pres Stem + o/i/u + P.E.
audio
audimus
audis
auditis
audit
I am hearing you are hearing he is hearing we are hearing y’all are hearing they are
facere (-) “ere” + i faci-
Fourth Conjugation
audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um
audīre (-) “re” audī
Personal Endings
Singular
Plural
-o/m (I) -s (you) -t (he, she, it)
2nd P.P.present infinitive; present stem
3rd P.P. 1st person singular, perfect
tense;
perfect active stem
4th P.P. perfect passive participle
The Formula for Present System
he is placing
pono
ponimus we are placing
ponis
ponitis
y’all are placing
ponit
ponunt
they are placing
Third Conjugation –io Verbs:
Present Tense
capio, capere
Fourth Conjugation Verbs:
Future Tense
audio, audīre
Stem = audi
Pres Stem + a/e + P.E.
audiam audies audiet
audiemus audietis audient
I shall hear you will hear he will hear we shall hear y’all will hear they will hear
P.E.
audiebam audiebamus audiebas audiebatis audiebat audiebant
I was hearing you were hearing he was hearing we were hearing y’all were hearing they were
Stem = capi
Pres Stem + o/i/u + P.E.
capio
capimus
capis
capitis
capit capiunt
I am capturing you are
capturing he is capturing we are capturing y’all are
Third Conjugation –io Verbs:
Imperfect Tense
capio, capere Stem = capi Pres Stem + eba +
P.E.
capiebam capiebamus capiebas capiebatis capiebat capiebant
Formation of Present Stems
Third Conjugation
pono, ponere, posui, positus – a, um
ponere (-) “ere” pon-
Third Conjugation –io
facio, facere, feci, factus– a, um
hearing
Third Conjugation Verbs:
Imperfect Tense
pono, ponere Stem = pon
Pres Stem + eba +
P.E.
ponebam ponebamus ponebas ponebatis ponebat ponebant
I was placing you were placing he was placing we were placing y’all were placing they were placing
-mus (we) -tis (y’all) -nt (they)
Third Conjugation Verbs:
Present Tense
pono, ponere
Stem = pon
I am placing
Pres Stem + o/i/u + P.E. you are placing
Third Conjugation –io Verbs:
Future Tense
capio, capere Stem = capi Pres Stem + a/e + P.E.
capiam capies capiet
capiemus capietis
capient
I shall capture you will capture he will capture we shall capture y’all will capture they will capture
hearing
Third Conjugation Verbs:
Future Tense
pono, ponere Stem = pon
Pres Stem + a/e + P.E.
ponam pones ponet
ponemus ponetis ponent
I shall place you will place he will place we shall place y’all will place they will place
Basic formula for present system Present Stem + Tense Sign + Personal Endings
Present Stem formed by removing the “ere” or “re” from the 2nd P.P.
If the vowel is long, it’s strong, so it stays
Review of Ted from the present stem 1. Present Tense 2. Imperfect Tense 3. Future Tense
Review of Terms
1st P.P: 1st person singular, present tense
I was capturing
you were capturing
he was capturing
we were capturing
y’all were capturing
they were
Fourth Conjugation Verbs:
Imperfect Tense
audio, audīre Stem = audi Pres Stem + eba +