高考英语写作增分关键环节详解

高考英语写作增分关键环节详解
——善用句型语法和词汇
很多考生在面对高考英语作文部分时往往觉得无从下手，只能机械地写出几个连自己都觉得太平淡的简单句因此造成较多失分。

其原因很明显：首先，在听说读写四项技能中，写作无疑是难度最大的一项。

其次，大家平时最容易忽视的，最缺乏练习的就是写作。

然而，高考写作是有规律可循的。

通过恰当的练习，考生们完全可以在较短的时间取得较大的提高，这在新的课堂是屡见不鲜的。

高考作文采用总体评分方式，评分标准集中在四个方
面： 1.覆盖所有容要点；
2.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；
3.在使用复杂结构或高级词汇时允许有些许错误；
4.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，全文结构紧凑。

大部分考生在句型词汇及句子连接方面达不到要求，导致低分。

本文以2001年考题为例，谈一谈如何运用较复杂的句型语法结构和词汇。

2001年考题：
假设你是华,你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学正在减轻学生的学习负担, 来
信询问有关情况。

请你根据下表提供的信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。

周末活动（减负前）周末活动：（减负后）
白天：上课，做作业白天：餐馆博物馆，学习电脑，绘画
晚上：做作业晚上：看新闻，读书，看报
就寝时间： 11：30 就寝时间：10：00
注意：
1．词数为100左右
2．开头已为你写好
3．生词：减轻学习负担—reduce learning load
Dear Dick，
How nice to hear from you again……. 当年大部分考生只是对图表进行了简单的翻译，导致文章异常单调、重复，分数很不理想。

如何才能在简单的容上运用较复杂的句型词汇呢？考生在写“减负前”的情况时只会简单地写: I always had classes and did homework in the daytime and did homework at night. I often went to bed at 11:30. 这无异于简单机械地翻译中文！得分可想而知！
其实考生完全可以使用学过的比较复杂的句型语法结构。

例如我们可以使用too…to句型：I was too busy having classes and doing
homework at weekends to go to bed before
11:30. 我们也可以使用定语从句: I used to
spend whole weekends attending classes and
doing homework, which often kept me up until
11:30 at night. 我们还可以使用倒装句：Not
until 11:30 PM could I go to bed because I
had to finish my homework after having
lessons by day. 或者：So busy was I attending
classes and doing homework that I could not
go to sleep before 11:30 at night. 我们甚
至还可以使用拟人手法：Weekends used to find
me attending school and doing homework.
由此读者可以看出：高分和低分的作文
的区别主要体现在语言形式方面。

故考生努力的
方向就应该是有意识地，恰当地使用比较复杂的
句型语法和词汇。

读者应先培养这种意识，然后
进行大量练习。

下面的练习重点训练的就是句型
词汇和有效连接，请读者不要进行简单的翻译，
而是通读上下文，尽量多地使用复杂多样的句型
词汇。

根据2001年考题填空。

Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again.
1.过去______________, I used to have
classes all day and do homework at night. And
I didn’t go to bed until 11:30.
2.连接词______________, nowadays, I
have more time做我想做的
_________________________________________
______________________.
周末变得更加丰富多彩了
_________________________________________
_______________________.
3.白天___________________________, I
often visit museums or 学电脑及绘画
_________________________________________
___________.
使用拟人句
_________________________________________
________________________.
4.In the evening,使用either…or句型
_________________________________________
_______________________.
5.而且
_________________________________________
_______, I go to bed/sleep earlier than
before—at ten o’clock.
6.发挥一句I hope
_________________________________________
_________________________.
参考答案：
1．过去In the past , I used to have
classes all day and do homework at night. And
I didn’t go to bed until 11:30.
2．连接词Fortunately/ However, nowadays,
I have more time 做我想做的to do what I
desire/like/ choose/ want/ prefer/am fond
of .周末更加丰富多彩了the weekends have
become more interesting/fun/ less tiring/ no
longer study-centered/ exam-oriented .
3．白天In the daytime/ during the day,
I often visit museums or 学电脑及绘画learn
computer and drawing/go to computer and
drawing lessons.
使用拟人句 Daytime finds me visiting
museums or learning computer and drawing.
4.In the evening, 使用either…or句型I
can either watch news reports or read
newspapers and books.
5.而且What is more/In addition/
Besides/ More importantly, I go to bed/sleep
earlier than before—at ten o’clock.
6.发挥一句I hope things won’t have to
change in the future/ can become even better/
the learning load could be further reduced.
I hope you are also enjoying pleasant
weekends now. （作者：方林新中学部优秀
教师）
2009高考英语作文备考学案
Ⅰ. NMET书面表达第五项要求
1. 覆盖所有的语言要点。

容要点可用不同
方式表达。

对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。

2. 应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性。

值得注意的是语法结构或词汇方面虽有些许错
误, 但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所
致; 具备较强的语言运用能力。

3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文
结构紧凑。

Ⅱ. 常见的不足
1 汉语式英语
2 无过渡语
3 句式单一,平铺
直叙
Ⅲ. 如何增强书面表达效果
使用较高级的词汇
使用恰当的连接词
使用较丰富的句式
一、怎样使用较高级的词汇
1. Because the weather was good, our
journey was comfortable.
2. We all think he is a great man.
3. Suddenly I thought out a good idea.
4. The students there needn’t pay for
their books.
5. As a result the plan was a failure.
6. When she heard he had died, she went
pale with sorrow.
7. She went to Austria in order to study
music.
8. When he spoke, he felt more and more
excited.
9.In our school, there are twenty-six
classrooms.
10. You can find my house easily.
二、怎样使用恰当的连接词
连接词使文章语意通顺，前后衔接紧密，可
采用以下方法：
提示1：恰当使用关联词，如when，so，if，
because，so that等。

提示2：巧妙使用意思有联系的词或短语，
如First, Second, Third, Soon, What’s more,
As a result等。

提示3：适当使用过渡性语句，如The
reasons are as follows./Every coin has two
sides./On the other hand,/On the contrary,
Besides, it would be better for her to
have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for
some time. ( 2007全国I)
First, she can make some pocket money to
meet pet daily needs and thus develop a sense
of independence. Second, she can learn how
to deal with various problems in the
workplace. Third, she can build up new
friendships and improve bet social skills.
(2007)
In my opinion, learning English is a
step-by-step process. (2007)
连接词、句型的选择
1、递进关系
（肯定）Besides / What’s more / Also
/In addition/Furthermore
（否定）What’s worse / Even worse / Worse
still /To make matters worse
2、时间
一…就…：The moment / On doing / as
soon as /immediately / directly
不久：It was not long before … /
After a while / Soon
然后：After that / Then / So / Next
同时： At the same time / Meanwhile
3、转折：however , / but / on the
contrary / On the other hand / yet / although 4、顺 序：First / Second / Third / Last / Next/Then 5、条 件：If / As long as / So long as /on condition that / unless 6、强 调：It was …that / who … / So she did . /I do hope … / She did help me. /It really worked./ besides/ furthermore/moreover/what ’s more/ certainly/ actually/ in fact 7、其 它： 不得不做某事：have to do sth./have no choice but to do sth./have nothing to do but do sth. 有必要做某事：There is no need (for sb.) to do sth./It is necessary (for sb.)to do … 最好 做某 事：You ’d better do sth. / It ’s better to do sth. 做某事没困难：have no difficulty in doing sth. / have no trouble in doing sth. 感 某 人：thank sb. / be thankful to sb./ express one ’s thanks to sb. /be grateful to sb. / Thanks to … 求 助 某 人：turn to sb. for help / ask sb. for help / with the help of / with one ’s help 惊 奇：To one ’s surprise / In surprise / Surprisingly / only +不定式（表意外结果） 结 果：As a result / Therefore / Thus / So 总 结：In a word / In short / Above all / After all/ generally speaking/ to sum up/ in all/altogether / as is known to all 表 达 观 点：In my opinion / I think / I believe / I ’m sure / I guess 原因如下（很多）：he reasons are as follows. /here are many reasons for it. 浪费金钱（时间）：It ’s a waste of money / time … Task: 请在下列句子中（间）填上恰当的关联词或意思有联系的短语。

Yao Ming was walking in the street he heard someone cry for help. He advised that I hire a car I could travel around in the west . It was not long the police came. he heard the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save the girl. o you agree with my arrangement ? ,do write to me soon. We can go downtown and do some shopping. , we can pay a visit to some places of interest. 7、I shared the cost of the gas with my friends . , I saved $80. 8、Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. , it may make us fat. Task: Writing Practice 请你给《中国日报》写一篇稿件，谈谈农村儿童失学的主要原因及你的看法。

原因： 1、家庭贫穷，供不起儿童上学，他们不得不在家赚钱养家。

2、部分家长认为女孩上学无用，不愿让她们上学。

3、 部分儿童对功课不感兴趣，不愿上学。

看法： 1、 每个儿童包括女孩都应有受教育的机会。

2、全社会都应重视儿童教育，他们对国家的未来将起到重要的作用。

要求： 1、不要逐字逐句翻译。

2、语句要连贯通顺。

3、字数100个左右。

Now in the country areas, there are many children out of school. Most families are poor and can ’t afford their education. They have to stay at home and make money. Some parents think daughters needn ’t go to school. They don ’t let them go to school. Some children are not interested in their studies and wouldn ’t like to go to school. All the children including girls should be educated. The whole society should pay attention to it. They ’ll play an important part in the future of our country. 诊断：? [优点] 1、词能达意； 2、语句表达基本正确。

[缺点] 语句不够连贯 [药方] 1、使用常见句型； 2、每两个句子之间使用关联词或过渡词。

Now in the country areas, there are many children out of school.▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁。

▁▁▁，most families are too poor to send their children to school . ▁▁▁▁,they have no choice but to stay at home and make money. ▁▁▁,some parents think there is no need for their daughters to go to school. ▁▁▁▁,they don ’t let them go to school. ▁▁▁,some children are not interested in
their studies. ▁▁▁▁▁▁,some wouldn ’t like to go to school.
▁▁▁▁▁▁,all the children including girls should be educated . ▁▁
▁▁▁▁,the whole society should pay attention to it ▁▁▁they ’ll play an important part in the future of our country one day. 三、怎样使用较丰富的句式
方法一. 使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档 Rewrite the sentences 1. They arrived at the school. They felt the happy atmosphere.
2. I will be given another chance. I will succeed.
3. He wants to improve his English. He studies hard.
4 When he arrives, please give me an .（使用V-ing 形式）.
Complete the sentences with non-predicate (非谓语动词)
听到这个消息, 他们变的很激动。

_________the news, they got excited.
6. 尽管被告知许多遍, 他仍然重复这个错。

__________________many times, he
still repeated the mistake. 7. 除非被邀请发言, 你应该在会议上保持
沉默。

Unless ________to speak, you should
keep silent at the meeting. Translate the following sentences by
using non-predicate (非谓语动词) 8. 面对困难时，他从不放弃。

9. 引入市场后，该产品大获成功。

10. 做完作业后，他回家了。

方法二. 巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力
Complete the sentences 1. He didn ’t realize his foolishness until he returned home.
Not
until .
2. We can save the earth by changing the way we live.
Only .
3. He is clever but he does not work hard. as /
though .
4. The clock tower stands on the other side of the street.
On the other side of the street .
Translate the sentences by using Inverted Sentences(倒装句)
5. 他从不说关于他家庭的事。

6. 只有我们每个人都意识到水的重要性, 我们才能生活得更好。

7. 只有用这种方式, 我们才能有足够的精力好好学习。

8. Describe the character （济公） by using Inverted Sentence(倒装句)
9. 他是个孩子，却知道很多。

10. 墙上有个通知，上面写着“请节约用水”。

方法三. 尝试多样化表达方式
1、感叹句 e.g. 1) How happy I was when I received your letter.
2） What a kind boy he is! 3）How disappointed he was !
2、强调句 e.g. It was this young boy that helped the old granny.
3、倒装句 e.g. 1) Only in this way can you solve this problem.
2) There comes the police car.
3) Hardly had they got to the station when they met the young man.
4、省略句 e.g. They read while walking or riding on a bus.
5、with 短语 e.g. I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand.
6、定语从句 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much useful information.
7、各种名词性从句 e.g. That ’s what I should do.
8、各种状语从句 e.g. Use ifferent ways to describe the picture （连战的破冰之旅）一…就受到欢迎
a. As soon as Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport, they were warmly welcomed.
b. On arriving at the airport, Lien Chan and his wife…
c. Lien Chan and his wife were warmly welcomed directly/ the moment they arrived at the airport.
d. No sooner had Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport than they were …
e. Hardly had Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport when they were …
……
Task: 按要求改写下列句子,使其更具文采。

1. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper. (强调句型)
2. I hope I can pay a visit to you next year.（强调）
3. Tom was puzzled.（感叹）
4. It is great fun to climb the hill.（感叹）
5. Tom and Mary like singing songs.（肯定倒装）
6. John likes to study and play.（否定倒装）
7. Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (使用倒装句)
8. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）
9. Soon the firefighters came.（表时间句型）
10. In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast.
All these make people’s lives convenient, pleasant and colorful.
a.___________________________________ __________which__________________________ ___________
b. With the development of
______________________
_____________________________________
_____________
c. ____________________________so ___
that________
_____________________________________
_________
Translate the sentences:
我校是一所市重点中学，位于乐陵西郊。

校园很美,绿树成荫。

West of Leling lies our school, which is
a key school of Dezhou city. It is beautiful,
surrounded with many trees/with many trees.
Task:书面表达：
联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡
村参观考察。

假定你是接待人员，请根据下列提
示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：
1)大小：近100户人家，约500口人。

2)变化：过去很穷，78年后变化很大。

人们生活比以前好多了。

现已旧貌换新颜。

3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改
建。

新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。

村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。

注意：1）要点齐全，前后连贯。

2）词数：100-120之间。

Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school! ① This
village is very small. It has nearly 100
families and about 500 people. It used to be
very poor. ② It has changed a lot since 1978
③. People here ④ are richer than before.
Now it is taking on a new look.
In the past, the school here was very
small ⑤. ⑥ Now it has been rebuilt. ⑦
The newly built teaching building has 4
storeys ⑧. It is the most beautiful
building in the village. All the school-age
children can study here. ⑨ They enjoy free
education in it.
⑩ Thank you.
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school! ① This
village is a small one with/which has nearly
100 families and about 500 people. It used
to be very poor. ② However, it has changed
a lot since 1978 ③ and has been developing
very fast. ④ People here live a much better
life than before . Now it is taking on a new
look.
In the past, the school here was
very small ⑤ and most children couldn’t
afford to go to school. ⑥ But now it has
been rebuilt ⑦ and the newly built teaching
building ⑧ which has 4 storeys is the most
beautiful one in the village. All the
school-age children can study here. ⑨
What’s more, they enjoy free education.
⑩ May you enjoy your stay here / May
you have a pleasant time here! Thank you.
Ⅳ. 习作分析
Task:书面表达(满分25分)
某中学生英语报社正开展一场题为“Young
teachers or elderly teachers，which do you
prefer?”
请你依据下面表格所提供的要点写一篇短
文，向该报社投稿。

注意：1．词数100左右，开头语已为你写
好，不计入总数；
2．短文必须包含表格的全部容。

要求观点
明确，结构合理，紧凑连贯
学生作品1：
Compare with young teachers, I
prefer elderly teachers. There are some
reasons below.
For one thing, most of elderly
teachers are patient in teaching. They not
only spare no effort to teach the students,
but also give classes carefully .They will
do all they can to make the students
understand the teaching content. What good
teachers! For another thing, elderly
teachers are full of teaching experience.
This is also the most important, especially
for us senior students.
This is only my opinion. I think
young teachers are also good.
点评：
亮点：1、观点鲜明，词汇句型的运用
比较灵活
2、过渡词及连词的使用使文章结构紧凑连
贯、条理清楚。

不足之处：1、个别地方的表达需要改进。

1) Compared
2) more
3) try to make the classes lively and
interesting
2、审题不全面，忽略了对青年教师这部分
信息的处理。

这一点是比较大的失误。

学生作品2:
Opinions are divided on this
question.
Some students who like the elderly
teachers more than the young ones think that
the elderly ones are more patient in
teaching, more careful in explaining and
also have a
lot of experience.
However, the others have a
different opinion. They think the teachers
who are young are full of energy. Besides,
their teaching is lively and they dare to
bring in the new ideas.
Well, in my opinion, I like both the
elderly teachers and the young ones because
from them we both can learn a lot.
点评：
亮点：
1、段落清楚，要点齐全，句式表达比较灵
活，能适当运用复句。

2、过渡词运用也比较熟练。

需要改进的地方：
1) prefer the elderly teachers to the
young ones
2) with explanations
3) the 去掉
4) The young teachers
Some useful suggestions:
对于英语基础不好的学生，可以这样处理：
把所给的材料分为几个点，每个点用1-2句简单
句表达出来；而对于英语较好的学生，尽可能地
运用一些高级词汇跟适当地运用一些复合句，关
键是要表达准确到位。

1. 重点词汇的处理跟运用
1）Elderly teachers have more patience.
/They are more patient.
2) Elderly teachers always explain
things more carefully.
They are more careful with
explanations.
3) Elderly teachers are rich in teaching
experience.
They are experienced in teaching. /They
have more/rich teaching experience.
4) Young teachers are full of energy.
/They have more energy. /They are more
energetic.
5) Young teachers’ teaching is more
lively. /They can make their classes lively
and interesting.
6) Young teachers like to think up/bring
in new ideas.
They are more ready to accept or create
new ideas.
2. 句型的灵活运用
1) Some students may think old teachers’
teaching is better. In their opinion, old
teachers have more teaching experience and
they are very patient. Also, they can explain things more carefully.
Some students may like elderly teachers’ teaching because they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations.
2) Many young teachers work very hard. So their teaching is becoming better and better.
Most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and effectively.
One possible version:
Opinions are divided on this question. Some students may like elderly teachers’teaching because they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations. However, I prefer to be taught by young teachers. Firstly, we students have much in common with them. So they are our friends as well as our teachers. Secondly, they are more .energetic and enthusiastic. Usually they can make their classes lively and interesting. Besides, they are more ready to accept or create new ideas, including teaching. Thirdly, most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and effectively.
In a word, I prefer young teachers to elderly teachers.
Ⅴ. 课堂小结
1. 使用较高级的词汇
词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。

2. 使用恰当的连接词
使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。

3. 使用较丰富的句式
运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉。

固定搭配
(一)名词的固定搭配
介词+名词形式
第一组
by accident 偶然 on account of 因为，
由于
in addition 另外 in addition to 除……
之外(包括)
in the air 在流行中，在传播中
on (the/an) average 平均，一般来说
on the basis of 根据，在……的基础上
at (the) best 充其量，至多
for the better 好转，改善
on board 在船(车、飞机)上
out of breath 喘不过气来
on business 因公，因事
in any case 无论如何，总之
in case of 假使，万一
in case 假如，以防(万一)，免得
in no case 决不
第二组
by chance 偶然，碰巧
in charge (of) 负责，主管
(a) round the clock 昼夜不停地
in common 共用，共有，共同
in conclusion 最后，总之
on condition that 在……条件下
in confidence 信任
in connection with/to关于
in consequence 因此，结果
in consequence of 由于……的缘故
on the contrary 反之，正相反
in contrast with/to 与……成对照
out of control 失去控制
under control 被控制住
at all costs 不惜任何代价
at the cost of 以……为代价
第三组
in the course of 在……过程中，在……
期间
of course 当然，自然，无疑
in danger 在危险中，垂危
out of danger 脱离危险
out of date 过期(时)的
up to date 时新的
in debt 欠债
in detail 详细地
in difficulties 处境困难
in the distance 在远处
off duty 下班
on duty 值班，上班
on earth 究竟，到底
at all events 无论如何
in any event 无论如何
in effect 有效；实际上
第四组
in the event of 万一，如果发生
for example 例如
with the exception of除……之外
in the face of 面对，不顾，即使
in fact 其实，实际上
on fire 烧着
on foot 步行
in force 有效；实施中
in favo(u)r of 有利于，赞成，支持
in front of 在……面前
in (the) future 今后，将来
on guard 警惕，防
in general 通常，大体上
in half 成两半
at hand 在手边，在附近
from tip to toe 彻头彻尾，完全
by hand 用手
hand down to 往下传，传给(后代)
第五组
hand in hand 手拉手，携手
in hand 在掌握中，在控制中
on hand 在手边，临近
on (the) one hand... 一方面……，
on the other hand...另一方面……
at heart 在心；实质上
by heart 牢记，凭记忆
at home 在家，在国；自在，自如
in honor of 以纪念，向……表示敬意
on one’s honor 以名誉担保
in a hurry 匆忙地，立即
for instance 例如，举例说
at intervals 不时，时时
at last 最终，终于
at least 至少，最低限度
in the least 一点，丝毫
第六组
at length 终于，最后；详细地
in the light of 按照，根据
in line 成一直线，排成一行
in line with 与……一致，按照
at a loss 困惑，不知所措
by all means 无论如何，必定
by means of 借助于，用
by no means 决不
in memory of 纪念
at the mercy of 在……支配下
by mistake 错误地
at the moment 现在，此刻
for a moment 片刻，一会儿
for the moment 现在，暂时
in a moment 立刻，马上
第七组
in nature 本质上
on occasion 有时，不时
in order 秩序井然，整齐
in order to 以便，为了
in order that 以便
out of order 发生故障，失调
on one’s own 独自地，独立地
in particular 特别地，尤其，详细地
in the past 在过去，以往
in person 亲自
in place 在适当的位置
in place of 代替
in the first place 起初，首先
in the last place 最后
out of place 不得其所的，不适当的
on the point 即将……的时候
第八组
to the point 切中要害，切题
in practice 在实际中，实际上
out of practice 久不练习，荒疏
at present 目前，现在
for the present 目前，暂时
in proportion to (与……)成比例的
in public 公开地，当众
for (the) purpose of为了
on purpose 故意，有意
with the purpose of 为了
in question 正在考虑
at random 随意地，任意地
at any rate 无论如何，至少
by reason of 由于
as regards 关于，至于
with/in regard to 对于，就……而论
第九组
in/with relation to 关系到
with respect to 关于
as a result 结果，因此
as a result of 由于……的结果
in return 作为报答，作为回报
on the road 在旅途中
as a rule 规章，规则；通常，照例
in the long run 最终，从长远观点看
for the sake of 为了……起见
on sale 出售；贱卖
on a large scale 大规模地
on a small scale 小规模地
in secret 秘密地，私下地
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in shape 处于良好状态
on the side 作为兼职，额外
第十组
at first sight 乍一看，初看起来
in sight 被看到，在望
out of sight 看不见，在视野之外
in spite of 不管，不顾；尽管，虽然
on the spot 当场，在现场
in step 同步，合拍
out of step 步调不一致，不协调
in stock 现有，备有
in sum 总而言之
in tears 流着泪，含泪，哭
in terms of 依据，按照；用……措词
for one thing 首先，一则
on the second thoughts 经重新考虑，一转念
at a time 每次，一次
at no time 从不，决不
at one time 同时，曾经，从前曾
第十一组
at the same time 但是，然而，同时
at times 有时
for the time being 目前，暂时
from time to time 有时，不时
in no time 立即，马上
in time 及时，适时地
on time 准时
on top of 在……之上
out of touch 失去联系
in truth 事实上，实际上，的确
on try 试穿
by turns 轮流，交替地
in turn 依次，轮流
in vain 徒劳，无效
a variety of 种种，各种
by virtue of 由于
第十二组
by the way 顺便提一下，另外
by way of 经由，通过……方式
in a way 在某点，在某种程度上
in no way 决不
in the way of 妨碍
in one’s/the way 妨碍，阻碍
after a while 过了一会，不久
for a while 暂时，一时
on the whole 总的来说
in a word 总而言之
in other words 换句话说，也就是说
at work 在工作，忙于
out of work 失业
in the world 到底，究竟动词+名词形式
第十三组
have/gain access to 可以获得
take...into account 考虑
gain/have an advantage over胜过，优于pay the way for 为……铺平道路
take advantage of 利用，趁……之机
pay attention to 注意
do/try one’s best 尽力，努力
get the best of 胜过
make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理
get the better of 打败，致胜
catch one’s breath 屏息，歇口气
take care 小心，当心
take care of 照顾，照料
take a chance 冒险一试
take charge of 担任，负责
keep company with 与……交往
take delight in 以……为乐
with delight 欣然，乐意地
第十四组
make a/the difference 有影响，很重要
carry/bring into effect 使生效，使起作
用
put into effect 实行，生效
come/go into effect 生效，实施
take effect 生效，起作用
catch one’s eye 引人注目
keep an eye on 留意，照看
make faces 做鬼脸
find fault 埋怨，挑剔
catch fire 着火
come/go into force 生效，实施
make friends 交朋友，友好相处
be friends with 对……友好，与……交上
朋友
make fun of 取笑，嘲弄
keep one’s head 保持镇静
lose one’s head 不知所措
第十五组
lose heart 丧失勇气，失去信心
get/learn by heart 记住，背诵
get hold of 抓住，掌握
keep house 管理家务，做家务
throw/cast light on 使明白，阐明
bear/keep in mind 记住
have in mind 记住，考虑到，想到
make up one’s mind 下决心
come/go into operation 使投入生产，使
运转
put in order 整理，检修
keep/hold pace with 跟上，与……同步
play a part 起作用
take place 发生，进行
take the place of 代替
come to the point 说到要点，扼要地说
bring/carry into practice 实施，实行
第十六组
make progress 进步，进展
give rise to 引起，使发生
make sense 讲得通，有意义
catch the sight of 发现，突然看见
(go) on the stage 当演员
take one’s time 不急不忙，从容进行
keep in touch 保持联系
keep track 通晓事态，注意动向
lose track 失去联系
make use of 利用
put to use 使用，利用
give way 让路，让步
lead the way 带路，引路
make one’s way 前进，进行
make way 让路，开路
keep one’s word 遵守诺言
第十七组
act on 作用
appeal to 呼吁，要求
attempt at 企图，努力
attitude to/towards 态度，看法
a great/good deal of 大量(的)，许多(的)
influence on 影响
interference in 干涉
interference with 妨碍，打扰
第十八组
introduce to 介绍
a lot (of) 许多(的)，大量(的)
lots of 大量，很多
fall in love with 相爱，爱上
a matter of (关于……)的问题
a number of 若干，许多
reply to 回答，答复
a series of 一系列，一连串
其他固定搭配
第十九组
trolley bus 无轨电车
I.D. card
credit card 信用卡
no doubt 无疑，必定
next door 隔壁
out of doors 在户外
face to face 面对面地
as a matter of fact 实际情况，真相
a few 有些，几个
quite a few 还不少，有相当数目的
a little 一点，稍微，一些，少许
little by little 逐渐地
quite a little 相当多，不少
no matter 无论
the moment (that) 一……就
no more 不再
第二十组
fair play 公平竞赛；公平对待
in demand 有需要，销路好
rest room 厕所，盥洗室
primary school 小学
side by side 肩并肩，一个挨一个
heart and soul 全心全意
step by step 逐步
ahead of time 提前
all the time 一直，始终
once upon a time 从前
once in a while 偶尔，有时
no wonder 难怪，怪不得
word for word 逐字地
decline with thanks 婉言绝
(二)动词的固定搭配
动词+介词形式
第二十一组
account for 说明(原因等)
aim at 瞄准，针对
allow for 考虑到
appeal to 呼吁，要求
arrive at 达成，得出
ask after 询问，问候
ask for 请求，要求
attach to 附属于，隶属于
begin with 从开始
break into 闯入
break off 断绝，结束
break through 突破
break up 中止，结束；打碎，折断
bring about 带来，造成
bring down 打倒，挫伤；降低
bring forth 产生，提上
第二十二组
bring forward 提出
bring out 使出现；公布；出版
bring up 教育，培养，使成长
build up 积累；堵塞；树立，逐步建立；
增进；锻炼
call for 邀请；要求；需求
call forth 唤起，引起；振作起，鼓起
call off 放弃，取消
catch at 抓住(东西)
call on/upon 访问，拜访；号召，呼吁
call up 召集，动员；打
care for 照管，关心；喜欢，意欲
carry off 夺去
carry on 继续下去；从事，经营
carry out 贯彻，执行；实现
come to 总计，达到；醒，复原
count on 依靠；期待，指望
count up 把……相加
第二十三组
cover up 掩饰，掩盖
cut across 走捷径，抄近路
deal with 处理，对付，安排
do without 没有……也行
fill in/out 填充，填写
get at 得到，接近；意思是
get into 进入，陷入
go after 追求
go into 进入；研究，调查
go for 竭力想取得；喜爱；支持，拥护go through 经历，经受；详细检查
go with 伴随，与……协调
go without 没有……也行
improve on 改进
keep to 保持，坚持
lie in 在于
live up to 不辜负
第二十四组
live on/by 靠……生活，以……为食live through 度过，经受过
look after 照管，照料
look at 看望，注视
look for 寻找，寻求
look into 调查，观察，过问；窥视look over 检查，查看，调查
look through 仔细查看，浏览，温习make for 走向，驶向；有助于
occur to 被想到，被想起
play with 以……为消遣，玩弄
refer to 参考，查阅，涉及，提到
run for 竞选
run into 撞上，偶然碰见
see to 注意，负责，照料，修理
send for 派人去请，召唤；索取
第二十五组
send in 呈报，递交，送来
serve as 作为，用作
set aside 挑出，拨出，留出；拒绝
sit for 参加
stand by 支持，帮助；袖手旁观
stand for 代替，代表，意味着
stand against 反抗，抵抗
stick to 坚持，忠于，信守
take after 与……相像
take for 把……认为是，把……看成是take in 接受，吸收；了解，理解
take to 喜欢，亲近
touch on 关系到，涉及
turn into 变成
turn to 变成；求助于，借助于
turn off 关上；出产；解雇
动词+副词形式
第二十六组
break down 损坏，分解，瓦解
break in 闯入；打断，插嘴
break out 逃出；突然发生，爆发bring to 使恢复知觉
burn out 烧掉
burn up 烧起来，旺起来；烧完
catch on 理解，明白
check in 办理登记手续
check out 结账后离开；检验，核查
check up (on) 校对，检查，检验
cheer up 使高兴，使振奋
clear away 扫除，收拾
clear up 收拾；澄清；放晴
make it clear that 弄清楚
come off 实现，成功，奏效
come on 请，来吧，快点；开始，出场，上
演
come out 出版；出现，显露；结果是
第二十七组
come round (around) 来访，前来；醒，复
原
come through 经历，脱险
come up 走近，上来；发生，被提出
cross out 删去，取消
cut back 削减，减少
cut down 削减，降低
cut in (汽车)抢道；插嘴，打断
cut off 切断；删去；停止
cut out 删除
cut short 突然停止
die down 渐渐消失，平息
die out 消失，灭绝
draw in (火车、汽车)到站
draw up 写上，画上；草拟；停住
dress up 穿上盛装，打扮得很漂亮
drop by/in 顺便来访
dry out 干透，使干
dry up 干涸，枯竭
第二十八组
drop off 减弱，减少
drop out 退出，离队
fall behind 落后
fall out 争吵；结果是
fall through 落空，失败
feed in 输入
find out 查明
get across 解释清楚，使人了解
get around/round 走动，旅行；(消息)传
开
get away 逃脱，离开
get by 通过，经过
get down 从……下来；写下
get in 进入；收获，收集
get off 从……下来；离开，动身，开始
get over 克服；(从病中)恢复过来
get through 结束，完成；接通
have got to (do) 不得不，必须
第二十九组
get together 集合，聚集
get up 起床；增加，增强
give away 泄露；分送
give back 送还，恢复
give in 交上；投降，屈服
give off 放出，释放
give out 分发，放出
give up 停止，放弃
go ahead 开始，前进；领先
go by 过去
go down 下降，降低；被载入，传下去
go off 爆炸，发射；动身，离开
go out 外出；熄灭
go over 检查，审查；复习，重温
go round/around 足够分配
go under 下沉，沉没；失败；破产
go through 通过，审查，完成
第三十组
go up 上升，增加；建起
hand down 流传下来，传给，往下传
hand in 交上，递交
hand on 传下来，依次传递
hand out 分发，散发，发给
hand over 交出，移交，让与
hang about 闲荡，徘徊，逗留
hang back 犹豫，踌躇，畏缩
hang on 抓紧不放；继续下去
hang up 挂断()
have back 要回，收回
have on 穿着，戴着
hold back 踌躇，退缩；阻止，抑制
hold on 继续，握住不放
hold out 维持，支持；坚持，不屈服
hold up 举起，阻挡，使停止；抢劫
第三十一组
hurry up (使)赶快，迅速完成
keep back 阻止，阻挡；隐瞒，保留
keep down 控制，压制，镇压；压低
keep off 不接近，避开
keep up 保持，维持；继续，坚持
let down 放下，降低；使失望
let in 让……进入，放……进来
let off 放(烟，烟火)，开(枪)
let out 放掉，放出，发出
line up 排队，使排成一行
look back 回顾，回头看
look out 留神，注意，提防，警惕
look on 旁观，观看；看待，视作
look up 查阅，查考；寻找(某人)
look in 顺便看望
make out 辨认，区分；理解，了解
make out of 用……做，从……得出
第三十二组
make up 构成，拼凑；弥补，赔偿；化装
mix up 混淆，混合，搞糊涂
pass away 去世，逝世
pass off 中止，停止
pass to 转到，讨论，传到
pass out 失去知觉，昏倒
pay back 偿还，回报
pay off 还清(债)
pay down 即时交付，用现金支付
pay up 全部付清
第三十三组
pick out 选出，挑出，拣出；辨认，辨别
出
pick up 拾起，(偶然)得到；(车船)中途搭
(人)，学会
pull down 拆毁，拉倒；拉下，降低
pull in (车)停下，进站，船(到岸)
pull off 脱(帽、衣)
pull on 穿，戴
pull out 拔出，抽出；(车、船)驶出
pull together 齐心协力
pull up (使)停下
put across 解释清楚，说明
put aside 储存，保留
put away 放好，收好；储存
put down 记下，放下；镇压，平定
put forward 提出
put in 驶进
put on 穿上，戴上；上演；增加(体重)
put out 熄灭，关(灯)；出版，发布；生产
put right 改正(错误)，整理
第三十四组
put up 提起，举起，提(价)；为……提供
食宿，投宿
ring off 挂断
rub out 擦掉，拭去
run down 撞倒，撞沉；追捕，追查
run off 复印，打印
run over 略读，略述；辗过，浏览，匆匆
复习
see off 给……送行
see through 看穿，识破；干完，干到底
set back 推迟，延缓，阻碍
set down 卸下，放下，记下，记入
set forth 阐明，述
set off 出发，动身；引起，使发生
set out 列，显示；动身，启程；制定
set up 创立，建立，树立；资助，扶持
show in 领入
show off 炫耀，卖弄
第三十五组
show up 使呈现，使醒目。