新东方大学英语考试四级词汇辨析

新东方大学英语考试四级词汇辨析
◣词语大辨析◥-§①
abandon，desert，forsake，quit都含有一定的"放弃"之意
abandon指完全、永远地放弃,尤指对之负有责任或义务者,放弃一个项目或计划desert强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)
forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物,着重于断绝情感上的依恋eg.forsake one's wife and children遗弃妻儿;forsake bad habits摈弃坏习惯
quit 指突然或出其不意地放弃,现一般指"停止" eg.quit work停止工作
exercises(choose the best answer & translate every sentences):
1.His presence of mind never __ him.
A.deserted
B.left
C.lost
D.quit
2.Despite some difficulties,they're not going to __ the plan.
A.abandon
B.desert
C.forsake
D.quit
3.__ it out!
A.Forsake
B.Quit
C.Give up
D.Desert
4.Arnold Schwarzenegger has __ the theater for politics.
A.deserted
B.forsook
C.quit
D.exchanged
1.His presence of mind never deserted him.他从不失去镇静.
2.Despite some difficulties,they're not going to abandon the plan. 尽管他们遇到了一些困难,但并不打算放弃这个计划.
3.Quit it out!住嘴./住手.
4.Arnold Schwarzenegger has forsook the theater for politics.阿诺德?施瓦辛格弃艺从政了
◣词语大辨析◥-§②
accessory，decoration，ornament 都含有一定的"装饰品"之意accessory [常作pl.]指(女性的)装饰品,(手提包,些,手套,帽子,项链,耳环等) decoration指为了装饰某物所使用的艳丽好看的装饰品ornament指一般装饰品(ornament在作动词时常可和decorate 互换)
1.The hall is ___ with flowers and flags.
A.full
B.filled
C.garnished
D.decorated
2.The Christmas tree was decorated with shinning ___ such as colored lights and glass balls.
A.ornaments
B.luxuries
C.exhibits
/doc/a117048293.html,plements
3.She wore a green wool suit with matching ___.
A.decorations
B.ornaments
C.accessories
D.appendix
4.Can you help me to ___ a fish with slices of lemon.
A.add
B.garnish
C.decorate
D.ornament
1.The hall is decorated with flowers and flags.大厅里装饰着鲜花和旗帜.(此句也能用ornament替换.)
2.The Christmas tree was decorated with shinning ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls.圣诞树被一些闪亮的装饰物点缀着,如彩灯和玻璃球.
3.She wore a green wool suit with matching accessories.她穿了一件绿色的羊毛套装,佩戴着得体的首饰.
4.Can you help me to garnish a fish with slices of lemon.你能帮我在鱼上加配柠檬片吗?(garnish多用于对烹饪、菜式的装饰,如加调味料,加配材料等)
◣词语大辨析◥-§③:
accomplish，complete，end，finish 都含有"完成"之意
accomplish指成功地完成预期的计划或达到预期的目的或成果
complete指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分
end指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止
finish指把一件事或一个动作做完，强调事情的了结、终止
1.We tried to settle the arguement but ___ nothing.
A.accomplised
/doc/a117048293.html,pleted
C.ended
D.finished
2.The term will ___ early in July.
A.accomplish
/doc/a117048293.html,plete
C.end
D.finish
3.The building was ___ in 1962..
A.accomplished
/doc/a117048293.html,pleted
C.ended
D.finished
4.When will the work be ___.
A.accomplished
/doc/a117048293.html,pleted
C.ended
D.finished
5.比较:I have finished the book.和I have completed a book.分别释为何意呢?
1.We tried to settle the arguement but accomplished nothing.我们试图解决争端,但未成功.
2.The term will end early in July.学期将在七月初结束.
3.The building was finished in 1962.大厦建成于1962年.
4.When will the work be completed.工作什么时候完结?
5.I have finished the book.我读完了那本书.
I have completed a book.我写完了一本书.
◤词语大辨析◢-§.④
accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意
accurate准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性
correct正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误delicate精美、精细的、雅致的
exact确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差
precise精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义
1.His painting is a/an ___ copy of the original.
A.exact
B.precise
C.correct
D.accurate
/doc/a117048293.html,ser technology has enhanced the ___ of many surgical procedures.
A.detail
B.cost
C.exaction
D.precision
3.We hope to become more ___ in predicting earthquakes.
A.exact
B.correct
C.precise
D.accurate
4.It’s the ___ thing to do.
A.accurate
B.precise
C.exact
D.correct
5.One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a ___ operation,he quickly recovered his sight.
A. precise
B.delicate
C.considerate
D.exact
1.His painting is a/an exact copy of the original.他的画是与原作丝毫不差的临摹作品.
/doc/a117048293.html,ser technology has enhanced the precision of many surgical procedures.激光技术已大大提高了外科手术的精确度.
3.We hope to become more accurate in predicting earthquakes.我们希望能更准确地预测地震.(be accurate in…在…方面很精确)
4.It’s the cor rect thing to do.正应如此.
5.One of his eyes was injured in an accident,but after a delicate operation,he quickly recovered his sight.他的一只眼睛在事故中受伤,但经过精细的手术以后很快恢复了视力.
◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑤
accuse，charge，indict都含有一定的"指控,控告"之意
accuse accuse sb. of doing sth.为…指责某人,控告某人
charge charge sb. with doing sth.指控某人…
indict具体用法见练习3、4、5句
1.The soldier was ___ of running away when the enemy attacked.
A.scolded
B.charged
C.accused
D.punished
2.He ___ me with negligence of duty.
A.accused
B.blamed
C.charged
D.indicted
3.The police ___ him as a rioter.
A.indicted
B.accused
C.charged
D.punished
4.His company ___ him for sabotage.
A.accused
B.indicted
C.blamed
D.charged
5.He was ___ on a charge of murder.
A.accused
B.charged
C.punished
D.indicted
1.The soldier was accused of running away when the enemy attacked.这个士兵被指控为临阵逃脱.
2. He charged me with negligence of duty.他指控我玩忽职守.
3.The police indicted him as a rioter.警察指控他为扰乱治安者.(indict sb. as…指控某人为…)
4.His company indicted him for sabotage他公司告发他的破坏行为.(indict sb for sth.告发某人…)
5.He was indicted on a charge of murder.他因犯杀人罪被起诉.(sb. be indicted on a charge of …因犯…被告发)
◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑥
achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意achieve强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标
acquire指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等attain正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地gain指需要做出比obtain更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西obtain指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所
需要的东西
1.After so many years of hard work,he finally ___ success.
A.obtained
B.acquired
C.achieved
D.gained
2.She has ___ some very unpleasant habits recently.
A.obtained
B.gained
C.attained
D.acquired
3.In typhoon,winds ___ a speed greater than 120 km per hour.
A.assume
B.accomplish
C.attain
D.assemble
4.In the second experiment they ___ a very clear result.
A.obtained
B.acquired
C.won
D.attained
5.No ___ without pains.
A.obtains
B.gains
C.attains
D.acquires
6.She ___ a good knowledge of English from Mr. Chen's lectures.
A.achieved
B.attained
C.acquired
D.gained
C.D.C.A.B.C.
1.After so many years of hard work,he finally achieved success.经过这么多年努力,他终于获得了成功.
2.She has acquired some very unpleasant habits recently.她最近养成了一些不良的习惯.
3.In typhoon,winds attain a speed greater than 120 km per hour.发生台风时,风速每小时高达120公里.
4.In the second experiment they obtained a very clear result.在第二次试
验中他们的到了一个非常清楚的结果.
5.No gains without pains.不劳则无获.
6.She acquired a good knowledge of English from Mr. Chen's lectures.他从陈教授的讲座中学到很多英语知识.
◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑦
acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,recognize都含有一定的"承认"之意
acknowledge着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事admit是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,供认(事实,错误等) concede (不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败confess着重承认自己的过错或罪恶
recognize指正式承认主权、权利等
1.He ___ that the statement was true in an argument.
A.conceded
B.admitted
C.confessed
D.recognized
2.She ___ having been at fault.
A.admitted
B.confessed
C.acknowledged
D.recognized
3.The new law was generally admitted ___ difficult to enforce.
A.being
B.to being
C.to be
D.to have
4.Although they had suffered heavy losses,they refused to ___ defeat.
A.conced
B.conserve
C.admit
D.assert
5.Finally he has to ___ himself guilty.
A.concede
B.confess
C.admit
D.acknowledge
6.Mr.Zhang was___ as the legitimate representative.
A.acknowledge
B.admitted
C.conceded
D.recognized
A.C.C.A.
B.D
1.He conceded that the statement was true in an argument.他在辩论中承认对方的说法是正确的.(有点不情愿的承认)
2.She acknowledged having been at fault.他承认自己曾犯过错误.
3.The new law was generally admitted to be difficult to enforce.大家普遍认为,新的法律很难实施.(admit后面可跟名词或动名词作宾语,不根不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾补.此句中admit为被动结构,所以用to be difficult to enforce 作主语补语.)
4.Although they had suffered heavy losses,they refused to concede defeat.虽然他们已遭受惨重损失,但还是不肯认输.
5.Finally he has to confess himself guilty.最终他不得不认罪.(confess oneself认罪)
6.Mr.Zhang was recognized as the legitimate representative of the company.张先生背城认为公司的合法代表.
◤词语大辨析◢-§⑧
affirm，assert，allege，claim都含有一定的"宣称，断言"之意affirm断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意
assert宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称
allege宣称,断定,指在无真实凭据情况下宣称,硬说
claim声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点
1.Politicians more often___ their desire for retirement than show that they really mean it.
A.assert
B.claim
C.allege
D.affirm
2.The suspect ___ that he had not been in the neighbourhood.
A.advocated
B.alleged
C.addressed
D.announceed
3.He ___ his belief that she was innocent.
A.affirmed
B.asserted
C.maintained
D.stressed
4.He ___ that this could be done.
A.affirmed
B.alleged
C.asserted
D.claimed
5.Don’t ___ to know what you don’t know.
A.claimed
B.asserted
C.alleged
D.affirmed
1.Politicians more often affirm their desire for retirement than show that they really mean it.政治家经常声称他们想退休,但未必是真的.
2.The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighbourhood.嫌疑犯生成案发时他并不在现场.
3.He asserted his belief that she was innocent.他坚持自己的想法,她是无辜的.
4.He asserted that this could be done..他宣称这是可行的.
5.Don't claim to know what you don't know.不要强不知以为知.
◤词语大辨析◢-§⑨
alarm,dread,fear,fright,horror,panic,terror都含有一定的"惊恐"之意
alarm惊恐,忧虑,指突然遇到危险产生的紧张,害怕,惊慌失措的心理状态,也可指一般的担心忧虑(take/feel alarm at…因…而惊恐) dread担忧,惧怕,多指因预料有危险和不愉快的事面临而产生的不安心情,比fear 更为强烈的恐惧
fear表示恐惧最普通的用语,指遇到危险或灾难内心感到不安或发慌
fright指突然的惊恐
horror令人毛骨悚然,使人极其厌恶的恐怖(常用于强调表现出恐怖的现象或行为,而不强调引起恐怖的原因)
panic恐慌(指吃惊以后随之而来的不知所措,神经几乎失控的状态) terror恐怖(指个人安全受到严重威胁时所产生的巨大恐惧及惊骇)
1.There is nothing to get ___ about.
A.alarmed
B.feared
C.horrified
D.terrified
2.She had always been in ___of meeting with an accident.
A.horror
B.alarm
C.terror
D.dread
3.Our cat ___ dogs.
A.alarms
B.fears
C.panics
D.dreads
4.I don't ___ easily.
A.fear
B.dread
C.frighten
D.alarm
5.They watch with ___ as the tightrope walker struggled to remain his balance.
A.panic
B.alarm
C.horror
D.terror
6.All the residents of the town ___ when there was a big fire in the
supermarket.
A.paniced
B.panicked
C.surprised
D.shocked
7.She was ___ out of her senses.
A.alarmed
B.feared
C.hottified
D.terrified
1.There is nothing to get alarmed about.没什么可大惊小怪的.
2.She had always been in dread of meeting with an accident.他总是担心遇上意外事故.
3.Our cat fears dogs.我们家的猫怕狗.
4.I don't frighten easily.我不会轻易受惊的.
5.They watch with horror as the tightrope walker struggled to remain his balance.他们心惊肉跳得看着走钢丝绳的演员摇摇晃晃地在恢复平衡.
6.All the residents of the town panicked when there was a big fire in the supermarket.超市的一场大火震惊了全镇居民.(panic的过去式为panicked)
7.She was terrified out of her senses.她吓得魂不附体.
◤词语大辨析◢-§⑩
alter,change,convert,modify,shift,transform,vary都含有一定的"改变"之意
alter改变,变更,指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动,而没有变成另一种事物
change改变,变更,指位置,性质,外表,形式或是数量与质量等改变.常与into连用. convert使转变,变化,一般只表示事物的外表及用途等方面发生的次要变化,而不是本质上的巨大变化,也可用于改变某人的政治观点、信仰.这个词义是其他词所没有的
modify修改,变更,较正式,常用以表示意见,计划或形式,质量方面不大的变化
shift指位置或方向的移动,改变
transform指外形或面貌的改变,彻底改变性格,性质等
vary改变,不同,有区别,变化
1.If your coat is too long,the tailor can___it to fit you.
A.alter
B.convert
C.change
D.modify
2.Great ___ have taken place since he left.
A.alters
B.converts
C.changes
D.transforms
3.He used to be a Christian,but he is now___ to Buddhism.
A.converted
B.changed
C.transformed
D.reformed
4.Prices that ___ with the quality.
A.shift
B.vary
C.convert
D.alter
5.The wind has ___ from north to south.
A.shifted
B.converted
C.altered
D.transformed
6.Many military factories have been ___ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.
A.altered
B.varied
C.shifted
D.transformed
7.The inventor ___ his original design in order to increase the machine’s effiency.
A.exchanged
B.converted
C.modified
D.cultivated
1.If your coat is too long,the tailor can alter it to fit you.如果你的衣服太大,裁缝会给你改的合身.
2.Great changes have taken place since he left.他走后变化很大.
3 He used to be a Christian,but he is now.converted to Buddhism.他过去是一个基督教徒,现在改信佛教.
4.Prices that vary with the quality.价格随质量不同而变化.(vary with…随…而变化)
5.The wind has shifted from north to south.风向从北转到了南.
6.Many military factories have been transformed into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.为了适应国情的需要,我们把很多军用工厂改成了民用工厂.
7.The inventor modified his original design in order to increase the machine’s efficiency.发明者改变原来的设计目的是提
高机器的效率.
◤词语大辨析◢-§⑾
alternative,choose,pick,select都含有一定的"选择"之意
alternative adj. n.供选择的,抉择,供选择的东西.指在两者之间进行选择,两者选一的
choose适用范围最广,指从众多的对象中挑选,这中挑选常取决于个人的意志与判断,不强调客观标准.它所选择的对象可以是不同种类的,可以是有形的或无形的.还
常带有最终选定的含义,即表示选定候不再变化.
pick口头用语,指仔细地,精心地选择,含有挑剔的意思.一般指挑选有形的东西select语气比choose重,多用于正式场合.指仔细地,审慎地精选,强调客观性,而不是主观性.所挑选的对象可以是有形或无形的,但一定是同种类的.
1.He ___an appropriate birthday card for his mother.
A.chose
B.picked
C.selected
D.elected
2.Children shouldn't ___ food.
A.pick off
B.pick
C.choose
D.select
3.He ___ Miss Lilyfor his wife.
A.chose
B.selected
C.picked
D.elected
4.When traveling,you are advised to take travelers' checks,which provide
a secure ___ to carrying your money in cash.
A.preference
B.selection
C.choice
D.alternative
5.I'm to ___ a few good books to send to my friend.
A.choose
B.pick up
C.pick out
D.pick at
1.He selected an appropriate birthday card for his mother.他给母亲精心挑选了一张合适的生日卡.
2.Children shouldn’t pick food.孩子不应该挑食.(pick off摘去,采取)
3 He chose Miss Lilyfor his wife.他选择了莉丽小姐作为他的妻子.(从本句可以看出"choose常带有最终选定的含义"这一点)
4.When traveling,you are advised to take travelers' checks,which provide
a secure alternative to carrying your money in cash.建议你旅游时带旅行支票,那样要比带现金安全.
5.I'm to pick out a few good books to send to my friend.我要挑选几本好书给我的朋友.(pick up收拾整理,用车接人pick out挑选,拣出pick at吃一点点,无食欲地吃)
◤词语大辨析◢-§⑿
altitude,aptitude,attitude,latitude都非常形近
altitude高度,海拔(an altitude of 20,000 metres above sea level海拔20,000米)
aptitude才能,智力,倾向,习性
attitude态度,看法
latitude纬度(longitude经度)
1.Beavers have an ___ for building dams.
A.altitude
B.aptitude
C.attitude
/doc/a117048293.html,titude
2.She takes the ___ that Children should be allowed to learn at their own pace.
A.altitude
B.aptitude
C.attitude
/doc/a117048293.html,titude
3.He has an ___ for languages.
A.altitude
B.aptitude
C.attitude
/doc/a117048293.html,titude
4.What's your ___ towards this question?
A.altitude
B.aptitude
C.attitude
/doc/a117048293.html,titude
5.Taipei is located at 121.7 degrees east longitude and 25 degrees north ___.
A.altitude
B.aptitude
C.attitude
/doc/a117048293.html,titude
6.The pilot is exercising the ___ flight.
A.altitude
B.aptitude
C.attitude
/doc/a117048293.html,titude
1.Beavers have an aptitude for building dams.水獭有筑坝的习性.
2.She takes the attitude that Children should be allowed to learn at their
own pace. 她采取的态度就是应该允许孩子们按照自己的节奏学习.
3 He has an aptitude for languages.他有学语言的才能.
4.What's your attitude towards this question?你对这个问题有什么看法?
5.Taipei is located at 121.7 degrees east longitude and 25 degrees north latitude.台北位于东经121.7度,北纬25度.
6.The pilot is exercising the altitude flight.飞行员正在练习高空飞行.
◤词语大辨析◢-§⒀
announce, declare, proclaim都含有一定的"宣布"之意
announce指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家大事、商品信息、生死病婚、开会等新闻declare指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度
proclaim指官方事务中当局对大众所作的重要宣布
其实,三个词之间有时也可经常互换使用.
1.Everyone was silent as he ___ the winner of the competition.
A.told
B.declared
C.announced
D.proclaimed
2.The government ___ war on the drug dealers.
A.stated
B.declared
C.announced
D.claimed
3.They ___ him a model worker.
A.stated
B.declared
C.prized
D.proclaimed
4.The chairman ___ the exhibition open.
A.stated
B.declared
C.spoke
D.proclaimed
5.The Congress of the Communist Party of China was ___ to meet in the paper.
A.stated
B.declared
C.announced
D.proclaimed
1.Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.当他宣布竞赛的获胜者时,大家都静静地倾听.
2.The government declared war on the drug dealers.政府向毒品贩子宣战.(declare war on/against…向…宣战;proclaim war宣战)
3.They proclaimed him a model worker..它们宣布他为劳动模范.
4.The chairman declared the exhibition open.主席宣布展览会开幕.(本句感觉也可用announced,你认为呢?)
5.The Congress of the Communist Party of China was announced to mee
◤词语大辨析◢-§⒁
ample, adequate, plentiful,sufficient都含有一定的"足够,丰富"之意ample指不仅能达到应有的程度,满足需要,而且还有余,一般不修饰数量不定的名词(ample time充裕的时间;an ample basket of fruit 满满一篮水果;ample space宽敞的空间)
adequate足够的,充分的,指数量和质量上复合一个特定的标准或不太高的要求plentiful丰富的,很多的,富裕的
sufficient尤指程度上多到能满足或达到某种特殊需要,特别是精神上的需要
1.There is ___ evidence to suggest that the lawyer in question knew exactly what she was doing.
A.sufficient
B.plentiful
C.adequate
D.ample
2.By law,when one makes a large purchase,he should have ___ opportunity to change his mind.
A.accurate
B.urgent
C.adequate
D.excessive
3.The supply is not ___ to the demand.
A.sufficient
B.plentiful
C.adequate
D.ample
4.He has acquired ___ proficiency to read Chinese literary works.
A.sufficient
B.plentiful
C.adequate
D.ample
5.A ___ harvest is in sight.
A.sufficient
B.plentiful
C.adequate
D.ample
1.There is ample evidence to suggest that the lawyer in question knew exactly what she was doing.有充分证据表明那个正在提问的律师确实知道她在做什么.(ample evidence充分证据)
2.By law,when one makes a large purchase,he should have adequate opportunity to change his mind.根据法律,当一个人进行大宗购买时,他应该有充分的机会改变自己的注意.
3.The supply is not adequate to the demand.供不应求.
4.He has acquired sufficient proficiency to read Chinese literary works.他已获得足够能力阅读中国文学著作.
5.A plentiful harvest is in sight.丰收在望.(plentiful/good harvest丰收)
◤词语大辨析◢-§⒂
amplify, enhance, enlarge,expand,magnify都含有一定的"扩大,提高"之。