Unit 5 单元知识清单Section B(基础+知识点+写作)-(人教版)
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Unit 5单元知识清单
Section B
一、基础知识清单
二、知识点清单
知识点①:famous
famous作形容词时,可以作定语修饰名词,也可以放在be动词后作表语,意为"著名的;出名的"。
He is a famous actor.他是一位著名演员。
背例句学搭配
New York is famous for its skyscrapers纽约因其摩天大楼而出名。
She is famous as a writer.她作为一名作家而出名。
固定搭配
①be famous for..以出名
②be famous as...作为出名
辨析:be famous as 与be famous for
知识点②:meaningless(adj.)毫无意义的;意思不明确的
【观察】My dad doesn't like soap operas. He thinks they're meaningless.
我爸爸不喜欢肥皂剧,他认为它们没有意义。
【探究】meaningless是由meaning加-less构成的形容词,意为“毫无意义的”。
-less是表示否定意义的后缀。
【拓展】
知识点③:go on
go on 此处意为"发生",与happen同义,常用于进行时态。
☛What’s going on here? 这儿发生了什么事?
【知识拓展】
知识点④:boring
boring是形容词,意为“令人厌烦的”,一般用来说明事物的特征。
如:
The story is boring. 这个故事令人厌烦。
bored也是形容词,意为“感到厌烦的”,一般用来说明人的感受。
如:
I’m bored with the book. 我对这本书厌烦了。
【拓展】
英语中,带-ing的形容词,用来形容事物,指某事物的性质、特征,意为“令人……的,让人……的”,常用事物来作主语或作定语来修饰物。
而带-ed的是用来形容人的,意为“感到……的,使人……的”,其主语是人,
类似的词有:
exciting 令人兴奋的excited (人)感到兴奋的
interesting 令人感兴趣的interested(人)感兴趣的
moving 令人感到的moved(人)感动的
tiring 令人厌倦的tired(人)感到疲倦/累/厌烦的
surprising令人惊讶的surprised(人)感到惊讶的
My friend Jack has an interesting hobby.He is interested in old newspapers.
The interesting show on Zhejiang TV, Running Man, makes lots of people relaxed.
History is really boring so I don't like it.
—Why is your sister so excited?
—Because she is planning to take an exciting vacation.
知识点⑤:ready
ready是形容词,意为“有准备的”。
be always ready to do sth. 表示“乐于做某事”。
例如:She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。
【拓展】
知识点⑥:follow v. 跟随,追随
(1)follow sb./sth. "跟随某人/某物"。
☛Follow me. I’ll show you the way. 跟我走。
我来给你带路。
(
2)follow 还有"遵循;理解;领会"等意思。
☛We have to follow school rules. 我们不得不遵守校规。
☛You are speaking too fast and we can’t quite follow you. 你讲得太快,我们不太懂你的意思。
【知识拓展】
知识点⑦:appear
appear 用作连系动词,其意为“似乎,好像”,
appear 其后的表语可以是:
(1)不定式 如:
He appeared to be talking to himself. 他仿佛在跟自己讲话。
She doesn’t appear to know anything about it. 她似乎对此一无所知。
(2)形容词 如:
He appears quite well. 他显得身体相当好。
He appears quite rich. 他似乎相当富有。
(3)名词 如:
He didn’t want to appear a fool. 他不愿显得像个傻瓜。
It appears a true story. 这似乎是一件真事。
(4)从句 如:
It appears that he forgot to sign the letter. 他似乎忘记在信上署名了。
It appears (that) the plane did not land in Rome. 似乎飞机并未在罗马着陆。
知识点⑧:successful adj. 获得成功的,有成就的
We are sure that the first National Youth Games will be successful.
我们确信第一届国际青年运动会将会获得成功。
The performance was successful. 演出很成功。
It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的试验。
【知识拓展】
(1)success名词,当表示抽象意义的“成功”,是不可数名词;当表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数名词。
如:
Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
I wish you success in studies. 我祝你学业成功。
His new book was a great success.他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。
(2)succeed动词,是不及物动词。
用法为succeed in doing sth,意为"成功地做某事"。
At last he succeeded in solving the problem. 最终他成功地解决了这个问题。
She succeeded in (passing) the exam. 她考试及格了。
His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。
(3)successfully副词,意为"成功地",修饰动词。
He worked out the project successfully. 他成功地攻克了这个工程。
知识点⑨:common
common意为“普通的,共同的,一般的(无比较级)”。
例如:
It's a common mistake.这是常见的错误。
The flower is common in spring这种花春天很常见。
【拓展】
辨析:common, ordinary, usual, normal
(1)common“常见的,普遍的”(即“司空见惯的”意思)。
例如:
common names 常见的名字; common mistakes 常犯的错误;
common sense 常识
common 还有“共同的”意思。
例如:
common interest 共同的兴趣; common language 共同语言;
common market共同市场
(2)ordinary 普通的,平凡的(强调“平淡无奇”)。
例如:
an ordinary worker 一个普通工人; ordinary-looking 相貌平常的
(3)usual 通常的,惯常的(强调“遵循常例”)。
例如:
It is a usual thing with him. 这件事他习以为常。
(4)normal 正常的,正规的(即“合乎标准”)。
例如:
normal temperature 正常体温;normal state 正常状态
知识点10:come out
出版;发表。
其中out是副词。
☛The new textbooks will come out at the end of this month. We need to wait. 新课本这个月底就要出版了。
我们需要等一等。
☛When will Shui Mu Nian Hua’s new recording come out? 水木年华的新唱片什么时候发行?
【知识拓展】
知识点11:in the 1930s 在20世纪30年代
in +the+基数词+(’)s为年代表达方式。
前两个数字代表世纪,后两个数字代表年代。
注意,要在表示世纪的数字上加1才是正确的世纪。
☛It was in the 1960s. 那是在二十世纪六十年代。
【知识拓展】
知识点12:might
might是情态动词,意为“可能”,此时表推测意义。
He might be in the library.他可能在图书馆。
might还可以是may(可以)的过去式,此时表示许可。
She told me that I could go inside from the garden.她告诉我我可以从花园进去。
【拓展】
must be,may//might be,can't+动词原形
must be一定;必定一种有把握的肯定推测,多用于肯定句。
may/might be可能是表示一种可能性较小的推测,多用于肯定的或否定的陈述句。
can't+动词原形一定不可能一种有把握的否定推测,用于否定句或疑问句中。
He must be at home; the light is on.他肯定在家;灯是亮着的。
He may/might be American.他可能是个美国人。
He can't be at home. Because I saw him at school just now.
他不可能在家,因为刚才我在学校看见他了。
-Where's Jane?
-I'm not sure. She might be in the library.
知识点13:find out 发现;查明;弄清
Lingling’s father tried his best to find out who took his daughter to the hospital after the accident. At last, the poor man found out who helped him.最后那个穷人弄清了是谁帮助了他。
【辨析】find out, look for 与find
【一语辨异】
He found a key on the floor and he wanted to find out whose key it is.
他在地板上发现了一把钥匙,他想弄明白它是谁的钥匙。
知识点14:take one's place “代替;替换;取代某人”,
take one’s place 短语有两个意思:
(1)"就座"相当于take one’s seat。
He takes his place. =He takes his seat. 他就座/坐下。
(2)"代替",相当于take the place of sb.。
He takes my place. =He takes the place of me. 他取代/代替了我。
No one can take Ray's place.没有人能够接替雷的位置。
I am tired. Please get someone to take my place.我很累了。
请找个人来接替我吧。
【拓展】
in one's place 意为“站在某人的立场上”。
What should you do in his place? 站在他的立场上你该怎么办?
知识点15:do a good job “干得好;做得好”
相当于well done,用于夸奖某人的工作或演技等。
I'm sure you can do a better job next time.我相信你下次会做得更好。
You've done a good job! 你干得太好了!
【拓展】
well done 意为“干得好;做得好;干得漂亮;祝贺你”,表示满意、赞扬、祝贺等。
-Who won?谁赢了?
-We did,3:1.我们赢了,三比一。
-Well done.祝贺你们。
-Guess what! I broke the record of the 100-meter race.
-Well done.
知识点16:dress up表示“穿上……盛装,用……装饰”
Children dress up in costumes at night on Halloween.
在万圣节晚上孩子们穿上盛装。
He went to the party and dressed up as an old soldier.
他去参加了晚会,而且扮成了一个老兵。
【辨析】wear, dress, put on与be in
知识点17:One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger.其中一个主要原因是米老鼠就像一个普通人,但他总是努力面对任何危险。
句子结构分析
One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger.
主语系动词连接词表语从句but连接的并列句
其中,main做形容词,意为“主要的;最重要的”。
The main thing is to stay calm.最重要的是要保持冷静。
Poor housing and unemployment are the main problems.住房条件差和失业是主要问题。
派生词:mainly adv.主要地。
The guests in the hotel were mainly foreign tourists.这家宾馆的客人主要是外国游客。
一言辨异
Her main problem is health. Her illness was caused mainly by stress.她的主要烦恼是健康。
她的
疾病主要是压力造成的。
mon作形容词,可以表示“共有的”。
Oliver and his father have common interests. They both like playing chess.
奥利弗和他的父亲有共同的爱好,他们都喜欢下棋。
Most successful persons have one thing in common-they try to be a super star on their own stage.大多数成功人士都有一个共同点:他们努力成为自己舞台上的超级明星。
三、单元写作
【话题分析】
本单元的写作内容是谈论对不同类型的电视节目或电影的看法与喜好。
写此类作文时应注意以下几点:
1.准确使用表示喜好的形容词,如interesting, boring, exciting, funny等。
2.对于喜好的表达方式要了然于胸,如don't mind it, can't stand it, like it, my favorite等。
3.要根据题目要求和所提供的具体信息,描述喜欢或不喜欢的理由。
【典型例题】
假如你是李明,你空闲的时候喜欢看电视,但你对不同类型的电视节目有不同的看法。
请根据表格中的内容提示,写一篇70词左右的短文,谈谈你对这些电视节目的态度并说明原因。
【思路点拨】
1.时态:一般现在时
2.注意正确使用表达喜好的句式。
【高分模板】
My name is Li Ming. ☛I like watching TV when I am free. Now let me tell you about my opinions of some TV shows.
My favorite TV show is the news, because I hope to find out what's going on around the world. Every evening I watch CCTV News. ☛As for sports shows, I don't mind them. So sometimes I watch them because they can make me relaxed after school. I can't stand soap operas because I think they are boring and meaningless. But my mother loves them and she watches them every day. I think it's a waste of time.
☛All in all, I like to watch TV because I can learn a lot from my favorite shows. What about your ideas about different kinds of TV shows?
【名师点评】
①观点类说明文的写作特点:文章开头切入主题,阐明观点。
②文章结构清晰,观点明确,对不同电视节目的阐述详略得当,又做到了适度拓展。
文中恰当使用as for,使文章逻辑性更强。
此外,make sb.+adj., waste of time等短语及结构的使用为文章增色不少。
③文章结尾用all in all作总结,重申观点,与开头呼应,并以疑问句作为结尾句,引发读者的思考。
【素材积累】
单词
1.使你放松:make you relaxed
2.既无聊又毫无意义:boring and meaningless
3.弄清世界上正在发生的事情:find out what's going on around the world.
句型
1.I like/love…because…
2.As for…, I don't mind them.
3.However, I can't stand…because they are…
4.I can learn a lot from…
5.I love them best because they're really relaxing.
6.I'm crazy about…because they are really funny and they always make me laugh.
7.He likes to watch the news because he hopes to find out what's going on around the world.
【小试身手】
(1)假如你是Mike,是一名一中的学生,上周你们学校对学生业余时间看电视节目的情况做了一个调查,请以“What Do No. 1 Middle School Students Think of TV Programs?”为题,将下面的调查结果写成一则英语短文。
注意:
1. 阐述图表中的所有信息;
2. 说明出现以上数据的理由;
3. 适当添加连接词,使文章上下文更有逻辑。
What Do No. 1 Middle School Students Think of TV Programs?
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________
(1)One possible version:
What Do No. 1 Middle School Students Think of TV Programs?
I am Mike. I am in Grade Eight. Last week, our school had a survey about what No. 1 Middle
School students think of TV programs. Let me tell you something about it.
First, when it comes to news, sixty percent of students don’t like it, because they think it’s boring. Twenty-five percent of students don’t mind it. And the rest of the students love the news since they can know the latest information around the world. Second, as far as the soap operas, twenty-five percent of students can’t stand it. They think it wastes a lot of time. The rest of the seventy-five percent of students like it, because it’s relaxing.
What do you think of TV programs?
【详解】1. 题干解读:这篇作文要求考生根据给出的关于电视节目的调查结果,谈一谈初中生是如何看待电视节目的,属于给材料作文。
2.写作指导:审题可知,这篇短文应以第三人称和一般现在时为主,以第一人称为辅来叙述。
写作时承接开头,紧扣表格内容和数据,在作文中反映出同学们对不同电视节目的态度及理由。
行文注意主谓一致,保证无语法和单词拼写错误。
【详解】1.题干解读:该题目属于说明文写作,可以分成3段进行撰写。
第一段简单导入主题,第二段详细介绍三家餐馆的基本情况:品质,服务,价格;第三段简单收尾。
2.写作指导:本文写作时态应以一般现在时为主。
在撰写调查结果的时候,注意写作的层次感,可以按照价格、质量、服务满意程度的高低顺序进行撰写,同时可就价格、质量、服务进行横向对比。