2020-2021学年江阴市华士高级中学高三英语期末考试试卷及答案解析

2020-2021学年江阴市华士高级中学高三英语期末考试试卷及答案解
析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
You have to praise the smoothness（顺畅）of ants on the move. No matter how many of them are going toward a place, there's never a hold-up. A new research paper shows how ants keep traffic flowing by changing their behavior to meet changing conditions.
For their experiments, researchers from the University of Toulouse focused on Argentine ants, animals that often move from colony（群落）to colony depending on where the food is. Making use of Argentine ants' talent for fast travel, the researchers built bridges connecting their colonies. The bridges were different in width from a fifth to three-quarters of an inch. The colonies, too, were of different sizes, ranging from 400 to more than 25,000 ants.
Then the researchers sat back andmonitoredthe traffic. To their surprise, even when those narrower bridges were full of ants, there were no "traffic accidents". "When the number of ants on the bridge increased, ants seemed to be able to understand the situation and adjusted（调整）their speed accordingly to avoid making the traffic flow stop. "the authors note. "Moreover, ants avoided entering a busy road and made sure that the bridge was never too packed to cross.”
The lesson for humans? The traffic problem may lie in our inability to adjust our driving habits for the good of the whole. Driving is fun when there are few cars on the road. Then the traffic moves very slowly. And yet, some impatient driver still acts like he's alone on the road.
The research suggests that projects, like the ever-widening of highways, may never free us from traffic jams. As long as we drive along with our own habits, no matter how many other people are on the road, we'll always end up in a traffic jam. Indeed, less space may actually be a good thing. It leaves less room for individual choice and forces us to take a page from the driving book of ants.
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The results of the experiments.
B. The purpose of the experiments
C. The preparation of the experiments.
D. The requirements of the experiments
2. What does the underlined word "monitor" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. watch and check.
B. seek and improve
C. design and plan
D. discuss and practise
3. What is the best title for the text?
A. Is widening highways a solution?
B. Why don't ants need traffic lights?
C. Can we learn safe driving from ants?
D. What can ants teach us about traffic jams?
B
A teenager in Georgia will no longer have to walk 7 miles to work after school thanks to one woman’s act of kindness.
Jayden Sutton, a high school senior, went on foot each day from school to his job at a restaurant and then back home. Sutton was determined to work and make enough money to eventually buy his own vehicle.
Sutton said he’d leave school at 3:30 pm, then walk miles to his job at the restaurant. After his work, which usually lasted six to eight hours, he walked home, sometimes not arriving back until almost midnight.
That all changed when Myers saw him walking down the road in the rain in December. “The young man was insistently in a rush walking to work, saying ‘I can’t be late,’” Myers said. “He begged me to give him a ride. I told him I could take him as far as I was going. I began to create small talk along the way. It wasrevealedto me that his name was Jayden, 12th grader, worked 40 hours a week, walked 5 miles to work immediately after school, got off at 10:30 pm at night and walked back home another 5 miles if co-workers didn’t offer a ride.”
After dropping Sutton off, Myers said his heart and determination filled her with tears. “He was smiling in good spirits and that’s a child worth blessing,” she told Fox News. So, Myers shared Sutton’s story on the GoFundMe page, which raised more than $ 9, 000 from 186 donors.
She surprised Sutton with a new car after she managed to convince the general manager to drop the price of the vehicle to meet the budget.
4. Why did Sutton work so hard in his spare time?
A. To gain working experience.
B. To pay for his education.
C. To own a car.
D. To support his family.
5. What difficulty did Sutton have in his work at the restaurant?
A. He worked longer than other workers.
B. His work was too tiring.
C. His job was much less paid.
D. He had to walk to work.
6. What does the underlined word “revealed” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Known.
B. Attached.
C. Believed.
D. Limited.
7. What do we know about the money donated online?
A. It could buy more than a new car.
B. It was not enough to buy a new car.
C. It was given to Myers to buy herself a new car.
D It mainly came from a car sales manager.
C
At the World Economic Forum last month, President Trump drew claps when he announced the United States would respond to the forum's proposal to plant one trillion(万亿) trees to fight climate change. The trillion-tree idea won wide attention last summer after a study published in the journal Science concluded thatplanting so many trees was “the most effective climate change solution to date”.
If only it were true. But it isn't. Planting trees would slow down the planet's warming, but the only thing that will save us and future generations from paying a huge price in dollars, lives and damage to nature is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels, to net zero by 2050.
Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion(偏离). Worse still, it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster. For example, in the Netherlands, you can pay Shell an additional 1 euro cent for each liter of regular gasoline you put in your tank, to plant trees to balance the carbon release from your driving. That's clearly no more than disaster slightly delayed. The only way to stop this planet from overheating is through political, economic, technological and social solutions that end the use of fossil fuels.
There is no way that planting trees, even across a global area the size of theUnited States, can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon released from industrial societies. Trees do take up carbon from the atmosphere as they grow. But this uptake merely replaces carbon lost when forests were cleared in the first place, usually long ago. Regrowing forests where they once grew can undo some damage done in the past, but even a trillion trees can't store enough carbon to head off dramatic climate changes this century.
In a sharp counter argument to last summer's Paper in Science, Justin Gillis wrote in the same journal in October that the study's findings were inconsistent with the dynamics of the global carbon cycle. He warned that “the claimthat global tree restoration(复原) is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”.
8. What do we know about the trillion-tree idea?
A. It was published in a journal.
B. It was proposed last summer.
C. It was put forward by Trump.
D. It drew lots of public attention.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. A drawback of the tree planting strategy.
B. An example of balancing carbon release.
C. An anecdote of making a purchase at Shell.
D. A responsibility for politicians and economists.
10. What was Justin Gillis's attitude towards global tree restoration?
A. Indifferent.
B. Opposed.
C. Hesitant.
D. Supportive.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Contradictory Ideas on Tree Planting.
B. A Trillion Trees Come to the Rescue.
C. Planting Trees Won't Save the World.
D. The Best Solution to Climate Change.
D
When visitors enter Planet Word, a new museum in Washington, D. C , they will see Speaking Willow, a tall art piece representing a tree. As they pass under the artwork, they can hear recordings of speech in hundreds of languages coming from the tree. Most words sound foreign to the listeners. The different voices also speak at the same time. The resultingclamoris similar to that made in a crowded theater before a show begins.
Rafael Lozano-Hemmer completed the piece last year. On his website, the artist says that Speaking Willow “reminds us that language is what defines our specific communities and connects our many cultures.” Lozano-Hemmer made the piece specially for the museum.
It is the first of many immersive (身临其境的) experiences for visitors at Planet Word, a museum all about words and language. The exhibits playfully explore the lager and complex subject of language.
In one room, a video plays, showing babies saying their first words. Another room, called “Where Do Words Come From”, teaches the history of some common English words. The space includes a 22-foot-tali “Wall of Words”, where visitors speak into devices and learn about the roots of the English language.
Another room invites listeners to speak and learn about different languages. Native speakers of 28 languages and two sign languages teach people sayings in those languages. They also explain how language shapes their understanding of the world and how words cannot be separated from culture.
Other rooms explore the different ways language is used — from humor and song writing to public speaking and advertising. Visitors can sing karaoke while learning about song writing, record a famous speech, play a joke-telling game, and teach a computer how to make cartoons. Almost every exhibit is interactive and most ask visitors to speak aloud.
One exhibit room is all about books. It is designed to look like an old, rich library. Books line the shelves. When a book is placed on the table, a recorded reading begins and pictures appear.
12. What does the underlined word “clamor” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Scene.
B. Noise.
C. Language.
D. Appearance.
13. The SpeakingWillowwas created ______.
A specially B. accidentally
C. on request
D. out of curiosity
14. What can we learn from the video in the room?
A. Words and cultures.
B. Different languages.
C. The history of words.
D. The first words newborns say.
15. In which paragraph can you find the methods of using languages?
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 7.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项We think of winter as cold and flu season，but the cold temperatures have powerful biological upsides too.
Boosts your brain
___16___.Studies have found that people perform some cognitive（认知的）tasks like making decisions better when the temperature is cooler. Research has also shown that people are less willing to handle complex tasks in the summer than in the winter.
Burns calories（卡路里）
When it's cold，your body works harder to keep your core temperature，which is typically. about 98.6 degrees.
"Our bodies use a considerable amount of energy to keep us warm and to dampen the air we breathe when we're out in the cold，"explains Stacy Tucker，an expert from Kansas City.___17___ . A recent study showed that participants burned 34 percent more calories when they hiked in 14-to 23-degree temperatures than they did hiking on 50-degree days.
Activates healthy fat
We know accumulating too much ordinary fat or "white fat" can endanger our health. But adults also have small amounts of beneficial "brown fat" that can quicken their metabolism（新陈代谢）and bum more calories___18___.
Encourages bettersleep
Your body's core temperature drops when you're trying to sleep.___19___，but it's much faster in winter，says Tucker. Plus，with darker mornings，you naturally sleep later.
___20___
Yes，you might get more colds during the winter. However，studies haveshown that the immune system can be activated by colder temperatures，which improves our ability to fight infections，explains Tucker. That said，the flu virus becomes strong in cold，dry air，and time spent indoors increases your chance of infection. To reducerisk，get your annual flu shot，wash your hands frequently，and go outside.
A. Fights infections
B. So fasten your boots
C. Suffers from infections
D. Colder temperatures can help you think more clearly
E. And cold temperatures can activate this useful fat
F. Exercising in the winter makes heart muscles stronger
G. This process can take up to two hours in the summer
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项My family and I belonged to (属于)a country club lying across the street from the Long Island Sound. Each summer, the big___21___for us was the pool. I learned how to swim and___22___the swimming team but was never really a good swimmer.___23___,swimming in my younger days was a way to keep___24___,and swimming on a team gave me a sense of belonging. For the next 30 years, most of our summer days were spent around that pool.
In 1973, I was married and had a___25___. What made our little home even more___26___was when I discovered that four___27___away was Rath Park Pool!
Each of my five kids___28___swimming lessons and learned all the different swimming styles. They later joined the swim team, competed in___29___and won prizes. My daughter even became a___30___at the town pool.
Though I'd have liked to have life stand___31___,it doesn't. My children lost interest in swimming and continued their life. But the pool was still four blocks from my home, so I began to___32___swimming again. I got so much out of it that I joined the local pool___33___I could swim year-round. Whenever I swam, I would always come out feeling___34___. And sitting at the bottom of the pool, I could also see through all of the___35___and problems I've had in life!
What has swimming taught me? I've learned that___36___is the key to being a good swimmer. If you are balanced in the___37___you have no resistance (阻力).Working on staying balanced made me___38___the similarities between life in and out of the pool. If you___39___keeping yourself balanced, you will be able to swim right through the stress and problems that life___40___at you!
21. A.attraction B.reserve C.destination D.achievement
22. A.led B.formed C.coached D.joined
23. A.Therefore B.However C.Instead D.Besides
24. A.wise B.outgoing C.cool D.confident
25. A.house B.car C.dream D.home
26. A.alarming B.wonderful C.popular D.familiar
27. A.blocks es C.steps D.kilometers
28. A.took B.expected C.provided D.taught
29. A.teams B.meetings C.clubs D.matches
30. A.gatekeeper B.bodyguard C.lifesaver D.doctor
31. A.quiet B.silent C.still D.calm
32. A.give up B.apply for C.take up D.adapt to
33. A.while B.though C.but D.so
34. A.tired B.relaxed C.stressed D.addicted
35. A.differences B.worries C.joy D.excitement
36. A.balance B.strength C.effort D.honesty
37. A.team B.water petition D.trip
38. A.describe B.study C.show D.realize
39. A.refer to B.relate to C.work on D.work out
40. A.throws B.fires C.points D.looks
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The advance of technology in our lives has been stopped somewhat inNew York City. Lawmakers have passed a bill to ban cashless business. With many parts of the world in a seemingly rapid___41.___(tend)to replace cash with digital payment,New York Cityofficials have decided cash still plays___42.___ important role in our lives. The officials have passed a law___43.___keeps stores, restaurants and supermarkets___44.___refusing to accept cash. They attempt___45.___(protect) the rights of people who prefer to pay through___46.___(tradition) means. Shops could face big fines of up to $1, 500 for not___47.___ (follow) the law. Actually, the bill___48.___(approve) by many people. Some people say cashless business discriminates against the poor sections of society, many of whom do not have bank accounts or credit cards. One citizen said, “I think it’s___49.___(obvious) unfair not to accept cash because some people don’t have a credit card.”A person____50.____(name) Brown said, “We are leading ourselves to business that we don’t have the right to do.”
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Days before my best friend, Cindy's birthday,I was extreme worried because I had no idea what buy for her. We've spent each of our birthday together since kindergarten. Every year, we would give each other a present that was making by ourselves. My mother seemed to have felt my worry. She offered to help, say that. "Why not make a necklace for her?” It reminded of me that my friend had always wanted a necklace. I pick some seashells that we collected when my family were on vacation last summer. It took me about two days to make a necklace. I was pleasing when I finished my artwork and was sure my friend would like them.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之成为一篇完整的短文。

In old Paris, a cobbler used to live and make and mend shoes and sing songs. He was a very happy cobbler, singing all day long and keeping time with his hammer or his needle. Up one stair, there lived a very rich man, so rich that he could not sleep at night for trying to count his money, and keep it safe.
So this rich man lay awake all night and always fell asleep in the morning. But no sooner had he fallen asleep than he was awakened again. It was not his money that wakened him this time; it was the cobbler, who was sitting at his door sewing away, and singing as happily as a bird.
The rich man went to a friend and said, "I can't sleep at night for thinking of my money, and I can't sleep in the morning for listening to that cobbler's singing. What am I to do?” This friend was a wise man, and gave him a plan. The next evening, while the cobbler was singing away as usual, the rich man came down with a bag filled with something that jingled（叮当作响）.
“Here, cobbler," said the rich man, “I have brought you a present of a hundred crowns（克朗，旧时货币名称）,because you're always so happy.”
The cobbler was surprised though, he took the money and thanked the rich man. He had never seen so much money in his life before, but somehow he felt worried if the crowns might be stolen by someone. So he went into the darkest part of his house to count the crowns, and hid the bag in the bottom of the bed. Two or three times every hour he went in to see whether the bag was all right, for he was afraid of somebody taking his money. When his wife asked him what was the matter with him, he became angry and shouted at her, a thing he had never done before.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

A change had come over the cobbler.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _
The cobbler missed the old happy days. So he made up mind what to do.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _
参考答案
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B
12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
16. D 17. B 18. E 19. G 20. A
21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. C 32.
C 33.
D 34. B 35. B 36. A 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. A
41. tendency
42. an 43. which/that
44. from 45. to protect
46. traditional
47. following
48. is approved
49. obviously
50. named
51.(1).extreme→ extremely
(2).what后加to
(3).birthday→ birthdays
(4).making→ made
(5).say→ saying
(6).删除reminded后的of
(7).pick→ picked
(8).a→ the
(9).pleasing→ pleased
(10).them→ it
52.略。