(高中)动词的时态(全面复习).doc
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%1客观事实或普遍真理一定用一般 现在时(在过去的语境中也如此)
%1在时间、条件、让步状语从句中, 用一般现在时表示将来动作,用一般 过去时代替过去将来时一(主将从 现:这时主句往往采用将来时或出 现can / must /shall / will等情态动词 或主句是祈使句)
%1一般过去时+一段时间+ago
兀
成 时
现在
完成时
have/has done
already, yet,before, just,recently, lately, ever, since +时间点,for +一段时 间,once, twice,(次数词),until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment(至!J目 前为止)
b.某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化
She is losing her eyesight.
%1arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay等表示位置转移的动词及eat, meet, die等,常用进行时表按计划或 安排将要发生的事,并与表示将来的 时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语, 则所表示的动作有即将发生之意。
He is leaving for Xinjiang in a few days.
The old man is dying.
%1过去进行时+when+一般过去时 过去进行时+while+过去进行时
%1表示存在、拥有、认知、情感等的 动词一般不用进行时态,常见的有have, own, belong to, know, believe, think, like, hate, remain, feel, contain等。
over/in/during/for the past/last five years(在刚刚 过去的5年里)
%1表示结果的现在完成时
现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现 在完成时的“已完成”用法,表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就 已完成,并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作” 对现在的影响或产生的结果。
The girl was always changing her mind.
将来
进行时
will/shall be doing
this time tomorrow, at six tomorrow, etc.
表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作ril be cleaning my room this time tomorrow.
动词的时态
时态
结构
常见时间状语
用法
注意点
般 时
一般
现在时
am/is/are;
动词原形(主语是第 三人称单数时,动词 后面要加-s或-es)
always, often, sometimes, usually, every day/week/year, day by day, once a week, etc.
一般
过去时
was/were;
动词的过去式/不规
则变化
yesterday
(morning/aftemoon/evening), last night/week/month/year, in 2000, the other day,
“ 一段时间+ago ”,just now, etc.
a.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态
%1“已完成”用法
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已 经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。
By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.
They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday.
%1表示将要反复发生的动作
My uncle will come to see me every Saturday.
%1用于“祈使句+ and / or +陈述句 (句子用一般将来时)”中
Work hard and you will succeed.
%1"It/This is + the+ 序数词 +time + that...”句式中,that后的从句用现在 完成时
E.g. This is the first time that Ihave visitedthe city.
©have gone to(去了未回)
have been to(去 了 已回)
过去
进行时
be(was/were) doing
at that time/moment, at six yesterday, etc.
a.表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或该动作与过去的另一 动作同时发生
I was having supper at 7:00 yesterday evening.
She was playing the piano while I was reading the newspaper.
He had left when we got to the station.
%1“想象性”用法(虚拟语气)
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法,主要用在if引导 的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish, as if引导的从句中。
If she had worked hard, she would have succeeded.
have been in(表"已在某地待了多 久”)
⑤过去完成时+when+一般过去时
过去
完成时
had done
常用by引导的时间状语(e.g. by last week, by the time +句子(过去时))或 以before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去 时的时间状语从句(e.g. before +句子(过去时))
b.表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作
We were talking about you the whole morning.
c.表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事〜
He told me that he was going soon.
过去进行时的特殊用法」
与always, constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩
Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom.
b.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情
She is learning English at college.
c.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作(能这样用的动词并不多,通常 是arrive, begin, start, come, go, drive, fly, leave, stay, open, close, return等某些 短暂性动词)
be(am/is/are) to do
tomorrow
(morning/aftemoon/evening), next week/month/year, “ in+—段时间",in the (near) future, in 2100, soon, etc.
%1表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
I shall be free this afternoon.
c.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作
(这时主句往往采用将来时或出现can / must /shall / will等情态动词或主句 是祈使句)When you come next time, bring me some magazines.
If time allows, we will go there tomorrow.
I have lived here for more than thirty years.
%1主句(现在完成时)+ since +从 句(一般过去时)
%1Itis /has been+一段时间 +since
+从句(一般过去时)
(自从…以来,已有…年了O)
E.g. It is two years since Imovedhere.
a.表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态He always takes a walk after supper.
Everyone is in high spirits now.现在大家都情绪高涨。
b.表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在(在过去的 语境中也如此)
Our teachertoldus that the sunrisesin the east andsetsin the west.
Last night I ate much bread.
(注意:在一般过去时的句子中,通常都要有表示过去的时间状语。)
b.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态
I wrote home once a week at college.
c.表示过去连续发生的一系列动作
She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked it through carefully.她走进房间,拿起一本杂志,认真地翻阅了起来。
Jane is going on holiday in a few days.
现在进行时的特殊用法
a.表示一种重复的动作,带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩
(现在进行时往往与constantly, always, forever等状语连用,给现在的动作披 上一•层感情色彩)She's constantly complaining.
%1There be句型的一般将来时(There
过去
将来时
would + do;be(was/were) going to +do
be(was/were) to do
一般过去将来时间的出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要 发生的动作和状态,常用于间接引语中;可用来表示非真实的动 作或状态(虚拟语气)
进
行
时
现在
进行时
be(am/is/are) doing
now, at this moment, Look! / Listen! / Hurry up!
a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作(通常由表示“此刻”的时间状 语(now, at this moment),或通过Look/Listen!这两个提示语来 表明此时此刻动作正在进行。)
He said they would arrange a party./If I had
a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.
will be...或There is/are going to be ...)
③若反义疑问句是祈使句,疑问部分 常用"will you”
The two strangers talked as if they had been good friends for many years.
%1表示“刚刚......就......"
过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely ... when...; no sooner ... than ...等结构中,表示“刚刚......就......
I have bought a pen.(结果:I have a pen now.)
%1表示经历的现在完成时
强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。
I have visited Beijing at least ten times.
%1表表示一个动作或状态从过去某 时开始,持续到现在,而且有可能要继续下去。
d.begin, come, go, leave, start, stop, arrive, return, open, close等动 词常用一般现在时表示按时间表、计划或规定要发生的动作E.g. The meeting begins at 7:00.
e.表示主语的特征E.g. This cloth feels soft.
d.在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作
We would not leave until the teacher came back.
e.有些句子,虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指 的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用
一般
将来时
will/shall + do;be(am/is/are) going to + do;
%1在时间、条件、让步状语从句中, 用一般现在时表示将来动作,用一般 过去时代替过去将来时一(主将从 现:这时主句往往采用将来时或出 现can / must /shall / will等情态动词 或主句是祈使句)
%1一般过去时+一段时间+ago
兀
成 时
现在
完成时
have/has done
already, yet,before, just,recently, lately, ever, since +时间点,for +一段时 间,once, twice,(次数词),until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment(至!J目 前为止)
b.某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化
She is losing her eyesight.
%1arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay等表示位置转移的动词及eat, meet, die等,常用进行时表按计划或 安排将要发生的事,并与表示将来的 时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语, 则所表示的动作有即将发生之意。
He is leaving for Xinjiang in a few days.
The old man is dying.
%1过去进行时+when+一般过去时 过去进行时+while+过去进行时
%1表示存在、拥有、认知、情感等的 动词一般不用进行时态,常见的有have, own, belong to, know, believe, think, like, hate, remain, feel, contain等。
over/in/during/for the past/last five years(在刚刚 过去的5年里)
%1表示结果的现在完成时
现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现 在完成时的“已完成”用法,表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就 已完成,并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作” 对现在的影响或产生的结果。
The girl was always changing her mind.
将来
进行时
will/shall be doing
this time tomorrow, at six tomorrow, etc.
表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作ril be cleaning my room this time tomorrow.
动词的时态
时态
结构
常见时间状语
用法
注意点
般 时
一般
现在时
am/is/are;
动词原形(主语是第 三人称单数时,动词 后面要加-s或-es)
always, often, sometimes, usually, every day/week/year, day by day, once a week, etc.
一般
过去时
was/were;
动词的过去式/不规
则变化
yesterday
(morning/aftemoon/evening), last night/week/month/year, in 2000, the other day,
“ 一段时间+ago ”,just now, etc.
a.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态
%1“已完成”用法
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已 经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。
By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.
They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday.
%1表示将要反复发生的动作
My uncle will come to see me every Saturday.
%1用于“祈使句+ and / or +陈述句 (句子用一般将来时)”中
Work hard and you will succeed.
%1"It/This is + the+ 序数词 +time + that...”句式中,that后的从句用现在 完成时
E.g. This is the first time that Ihave visitedthe city.
©have gone to(去了未回)
have been to(去 了 已回)
过去
进行时
be(was/were) doing
at that time/moment, at six yesterday, etc.
a.表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或该动作与过去的另一 动作同时发生
I was having supper at 7:00 yesterday evening.
She was playing the piano while I was reading the newspaper.
He had left when we got to the station.
%1“想象性”用法(虚拟语气)
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法,主要用在if引导 的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish, as if引导的从句中。
If she had worked hard, she would have succeeded.
have been in(表"已在某地待了多 久”)
⑤过去完成时+when+一般过去时
过去
完成时
had done
常用by引导的时间状语(e.g. by last week, by the time +句子(过去时))或 以before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去 时的时间状语从句(e.g. before +句子(过去时))
b.表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作
We were talking about you the whole morning.
c.表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事〜
He told me that he was going soon.
过去进行时的特殊用法」
与always, constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩
Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom.
b.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情
She is learning English at college.
c.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作(能这样用的动词并不多,通常 是arrive, begin, start, come, go, drive, fly, leave, stay, open, close, return等某些 短暂性动词)
be(am/is/are) to do
tomorrow
(morning/aftemoon/evening), next week/month/year, “ in+—段时间",in the (near) future, in 2100, soon, etc.
%1表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
I shall be free this afternoon.
c.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作
(这时主句往往采用将来时或出现can / must /shall / will等情态动词或主句 是祈使句)When you come next time, bring me some magazines.
If time allows, we will go there tomorrow.
I have lived here for more than thirty years.
%1主句(现在完成时)+ since +从 句(一般过去时)
%1Itis /has been+一段时间 +since
+从句(一般过去时)
(自从…以来,已有…年了O)
E.g. It is two years since Imovedhere.
a.表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态He always takes a walk after supper.
Everyone is in high spirits now.现在大家都情绪高涨。
b.表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在(在过去的 语境中也如此)
Our teachertoldus that the sunrisesin the east andsetsin the west.
Last night I ate much bread.
(注意:在一般过去时的句子中,通常都要有表示过去的时间状语。)
b.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态
I wrote home once a week at college.
c.表示过去连续发生的一系列动作
She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked it through carefully.她走进房间,拿起一本杂志,认真地翻阅了起来。
Jane is going on holiday in a few days.
现在进行时的特殊用法
a.表示一种重复的动作,带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩
(现在进行时往往与constantly, always, forever等状语连用,给现在的动作披 上一•层感情色彩)She's constantly complaining.
%1There be句型的一般将来时(There
过去
将来时
would + do;be(was/were) going to +do
be(was/were) to do
一般过去将来时间的出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要 发生的动作和状态,常用于间接引语中;可用来表示非真实的动 作或状态(虚拟语气)
进
行
时
现在
进行时
be(am/is/are) doing
now, at this moment, Look! / Listen! / Hurry up!
a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作(通常由表示“此刻”的时间状 语(now, at this moment),或通过Look/Listen!这两个提示语来 表明此时此刻动作正在进行。)
He said they would arrange a party./If I had
a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.
will be...或There is/are going to be ...)
③若反义疑问句是祈使句,疑问部分 常用"will you”
The two strangers talked as if they had been good friends for many years.
%1表示“刚刚......就......"
过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely ... when...; no sooner ... than ...等结构中,表示“刚刚......就......
I have bought a pen.(结果:I have a pen now.)
%1表示经历的现在完成时
强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。
I have visited Beijing at least ten times.
%1表表示一个动作或状态从过去某 时开始,持续到现在,而且有可能要继续下去。
d.begin, come, go, leave, start, stop, arrive, return, open, close等动 词常用一般现在时表示按时间表、计划或规定要发生的动作E.g. The meeting begins at 7:00.
e.表示主语的特征E.g. This cloth feels soft.
d.在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作
We would not leave until the teacher came back.
e.有些句子,虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指 的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用
一般
将来时
will/shall + do;be(am/is/are) going to + do;