英语语法：虚拟语气

Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
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• II. 非真实条件句的倒装 1. 条件句中含有 were, had, should 时，可省 略if, 构成倒装。 Should they forget to bring a compass with them, they would get lost in the woods. Had you invited us, we would have come to your party. Were it not for their assistance, we could not have got over the difficulties.
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2. It is + adj.+主语从句(should+动词原形)，表达： 命令、要求、建议等(necessary, essential, important, impossible等)；惊奇欣慰、失望、羡 慕等感情(strange, incredible, surprising, remarkable, disappointing, embarrassing, amazing等) It has been decided that meeting should be put off. It is extraordinary to me that you should have seen this.
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• 3. 与将来事实相反： If+should+动词原形，would/should/could/might+动 词原形 (1)用动词过去式： If she got the scholarship next year, she could be able to go on for graduate study in Canada. (2) 用“were to +不定式” If you were to fail to catch the train, you might take the bus.
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• I 非真实条件句中，虚拟语气的三种时态： • 1. 与现在事实相反： if+过去式，would/should/could/might+动词原形 I should study very hard, if I were you. If she knew about it now, she would come. • 2. 与过去事实相反： if+过去完成时， would/should/could/might+have+过去分 词 If you had taken his advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If she hadn’t been so busy last week, she would have come.
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• 4. 错综时间条件句： If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite well now. If he were alive now, he might have finished his scientific researches on the animal intelligence.
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• III. 使用虚拟语气的特定结构 1. 表示命令、决定、建议等动词之后的that从句中 的谓语动词用should + 动词原形，如instruct, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request等。 Congress has decided that the present law be maintained. 2. wish后加虚拟语气表不可能实现的事。 I wish I knew how to work the machine. I wish he hadn’t come. I wish you could come back before Thanksgiving.