文学及哲学类英语词汇
哲学专业英语词汇
哲学专业英语（the course of philosophical English）西方哲学专业词汇Western philosophy西方哲学Ancient Greek-Roman philosophy古希腊罗马哲学Hellenistic philosophy希腊化哲学Medieval philosophy中世纪哲学Renaissance philosophy文艺复兴哲学Modern western philosophy西方近代哲学Contemporary western philosophy西方现代哲学Jewish philosophy犹太哲学马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophy逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 艺术哲学Philosophy of artMetaphysics形而上学Epistemology认识论/知识论Methodology方法论ontology本体论Cosmology宇宙论/宇宙生成论Theory of value/axiology价值论Monism一元论Dualism二元论Pluralism多元论Cognosciblism可知论Agnosticism不可知论Materialism唯物主义Irrationalism非理性主义abstract/concrete抽象/具体Idealism唯心主义Objective /Subjective idealism客/主观唯心主义Scepticism怀疑主义Substance实体macrocosm大宇宙microcosm小宇宙Sensibility/understanding/ reason感性/知性/理性Theism有神论Antitheism 无神论Deism自然神论pantheism泛神论Dialectical materialism辩证唯物主义Historical materialism历史唯物主义Law of identity同一律Law of contradiction排中律Law of excluded middle排中律teleology目的论mechanism机械论dialectics辩证法consciousness意识spirit精神belief信念nature自然reality现实，实在possibility可能性Illusion幻想imagination想象力Mysticism神秘主义Spiritualism唯灵论form形式existence存在appearance现象essence本质prime matter原初质料motion运动Continuity/non-Continuity连续性/间断性time and space时间与空间Past-present-future过去/现在/未来cause and effect原因与结果subject and object主体与客体occasionalism偶因论Ockham’s razor奥康剃刀subjectivity主体性Necessity and contingency必然性与偶然性Universals and individuals个别与一般/共相与殊相/普遍与个别relative and absolute相对与绝对intuition直觉idea观念thought思维perception知觉subsistence潜在knowledge知识opinion意见Nature自然Actuality/reality现实Reality实在Necessity and freedom必然与自由Beginning/first principle/arche（希）本原，始基archetype原型illusion幻象image形像，影像ideology意识形态doctrine of correspondence符合说mind-body problem身心问题representative theory of idea表象说finite and infinite有限与无限humanism人道主义，人文主义Natural theology自然神学substratum基质The infinite/boundless/apeiron无定/无限pneuma普纽玛being存在non-being非存在logos逻各斯mind/nous努斯psyche/pneuma普纽玛atom原子void虚空element元素four roots四根self-knowledge自知Becoming/decay生成/衰亡bisection两分法flying arrow is at rest飞矢不动stadium运动场becoming生成doctrine of effluence流射说Eristic/elenchus论辩术，诡辩术art of midwifery/maieutic method助产术/接生术irony讥讽Virtue is knowledge美德即知识world of idea理念世界Infinite regress argument无穷后退证明Simile of the cave洞穴喻Simile of the line线段喻Simile of the sun太阳喻sense world感性世界，感官世界harmony和谐theory of Participation（sharing）分有说theory of Imitation模仿说copy摹本archetype模型，原型paradigm范式model of universal宇宙模型，世界模型soul of universal宇宙灵魂，世界灵魂Philosopher-king哲学王passion激情Wisdom/courage/temperance/justice智慧/勇敢/节制/正义（four cardinal virtue四主德）Desire/passion欲望/激情artificer工匠，创造者Genus种primary/secondary substance第一、二实体form and matter形式与质料accident偶性potentiality and actuality潜能与现实four causes 四因material cause质料因formal cause形式因efficient cause动力因final cause目的因ether以太Actuality现实/entelechy隐德莱希（完全实现）Good/highest good善/至善Category范畴Peripatetics漫步学派active reason/active intellect主动理性/主动理智mean中道，中庸wisdom智慧Practical wisdom实践智慧intellectual virtue理智德性the liar说谎者argument of the measure of grain谷堆论证argument of the baldhead秃头论证argument of the veiled figure隐藏者论证logos of the universe宇宙理性one太一What-it-is 是什么the third man argument第三者论证Theory of recollection回忆说epoche悬搁判断==judgement of suspension ataraxy静观doctrine of emanation流溢说anthropomorphism神人同形同性论=拟人观pythagoreanism毕达哥拉斯主义transmigration of souls灵魂轮回转世说atomism原子论Mode of cyclical reasoning循环论证Good being nature善即自然sensation was due to action between the unlikes异类相知说doctrine of like knows like同类相知说doctrine of seeds种子说Doctrine of love and strife爱恨说doctrine of image影像说cynicism犬儒主义platonism柏拉图主义theory of idea理念论doctrine of the communion of genera通种论aristotelianism亚里士多德主义syllogism三段论Unmoved mover不动的动者==prime moverpurification净化说induction归纳法pyrrhonism皮浪主义Epicureanism伊壁鸠鲁主义canonic准则学Ionian school伊奥尼亚学派Milesian school米利都学派Ephsian school爱菲斯学派Heraclitean school赫拉克利特学派Pythagoreans 毕达哥拉斯学派Eleatic school爱利亚学派privation缺失，匮乏Presocratics前苏格拉底学派Cynics犬儒学派Cyrenaics昔兰尼学派megarian school麦加拉派sophists智者Minor socratics小苏格拉底学派academy学园/柏拉图学园/雅典学园academics学园派peripatetics漫步学派stoics画廊学派/斯多亚学派Epicurean school伊壁鸠鲁学派Christianity基督教Christian philosophy基督教哲学Judaism犹太教Trinity三位一体heresy异端Polytheism多神论eschatology末世论Church fathers教父Providence天意，天命Kingdom of God上帝之国theology神学negative theology否定神学Positive theology肯定神学Patristic philosophy/ Patristics教父哲学/教父学scholasticism经院哲学revealed religion天启宗教，启示宗教Trinity三位一体incarnation道成肉身faith/hope/love信仰/希望/热爱doctrine of redemption救赎论grace神恩，神惠，恩宠omnipotence全能omniscience全知omnipresence全在Argument a posteriori先天证明Argument a priori后天证明fideism信仰主义（僧侣主义）hylozoism物活论Original sin 原罪Justification by faith因信称义Ockham’s razor奥卡姆剃刀nominalism唯名论（extreme/moderate）realism唯实论（extreme/moderate ）Augustinism奥古斯丁主义ontological argument本体论证明cosmological argument宇宙论证明teleological argument目的论证明Moral argument道德论证明Supreme good argument至善性证明Faith hope and charity信望爱doctrine of double-truth双重真理论Divine illumination神的光照Theological fatalism神学预定论Thomism托马斯主义Averroism阿威洛伊主义Scotism司各脱主义Rationalism唯理论（materialistic/idealistic ）Empiricism经验论（materialistic/idealistic）Social contract theory社会契约论Geographical determinism地理环境决定论Classical German philosophy德国古典哲学Apriorism先天论The reformation宗教改革运动Enlightenment启蒙运动French materialism法国唯物主义Encyclopaedists百科全书派conceptualism概念论Mechanistic materialism机械唯物论learned ignorance有学问的无知maximum极大minimum极小utopia乌托邦universal intellect普遍理智idols假相，偶像theory of four idols四假相说idols of the tribe种族假相idols of the cave洞穴假相idols of the market-place市场假相idols of the theatre剧场假相property and form性质与形式extension广延first principle第一原理Real/nominal essence实在/名义本质blank tablet白板causality因果性causation因果关系cause原因/effect结果experience经验dogma教条Material/Spiritual substance物质/精神实体thinking substance思想实体，思维实体Innate idea天赋观念adventitious ideas外来观念factitious ideas虚幻观念dualism of mind and matter心物二元论Animal sprits精气，元精，动物精神psycho-physical interactionism身心交感论pineal gland松果腺extensive substance广延实体the theory of social contrast社会契约论Association of idea观念的联结（休谟）Cartesianists笛卡儿主义者theory of substance实体论theory of attribute属性论theory of mode样式论（finite/infinite）psycho-physical parallelism心物平行论true idea真观念attribute属性Spinozism斯宾诺莎主义experience经验（external/internal）sensation and reflection感觉与反省abstraction抽象作用abstract idea抽象观念Simple/complex idea简单/复杂观念Immaterialism非物质主义personal identity人格同一性contiguity接近性（休谟）Divine right of kings君权神授说school of continental Rationalism大陆理性派British empirists英国经验派Cambridge platonism 剑桥柏拉图主义Scottish school of common sense苏格兰常识学派Old Hegelians老年黑格尔派Young Hegelians青年黑格尔派Right Hegelians黑格尔右派Left Hegelians黑格尔左派Speculative philosophy 思辨哲学Three tables三表法Table of essence/presence本质表/具有表Table of absence of proximity接近中的缺乏表Table of degree/comparison程度表/比较表Relative/finite substance相对的或有限的实体Absolute/infinite substance绝对的或无限的实体Theory of corpuscles 微粒说Theory of vortex 漩涡说Cartesianism笛卡儿主义cosmotheism宇宙神论（斯宾诺莎）Infinite attribute无限的属性Theory of modes样态论Mode 样态，样式Sensation/reflection感觉/反省External/internal experience外部/内部经验Abstraction抽象作用Psychic force心力（莱布尼兹）Small perception微知觉Principle of continuity连续性原则Idea of substance/modes/relations实体/情状/关系观念real/fantastical ideas实在/幻想观念Intuitive/demonstratic/probable直觉/证明/或然知识primary/secondary/third quality第一/二/三性质real/nominal essence实在/名义本质innate human right天赋人权will of all全体意志monad单子monadology单子论cognition认知Complete notion完满性观念（莱布尼兹）Best of all possible world可能世界中的最佳者sentiment情感——sentimentalismscience of human nature人性科学human nature/humanity人性Per-established harmony前定和谐pre-established harmony预定和谐truth of reason/fact理性真理与事实真理Divine reason 神圣理性theodicy神正论Order of possible coexistence and order of possibilities which cannotcoexist可共存之物的秩序与不可共存之物的秩序existence is to be perceived存在就是被感知immaterialism非物质论idea and notion观念与意念impression and ideas印象与观念resemblance类似关系contiguity in time and space接近关系causal relation因果关系determinism of geographical environment地理环境决定论Theory of the omnipotence of education教育万能论Apodictic/assertoric必然的/实然的（康德）Appearance现象（康德）manifold杂多Physico-theological argument自然神论证明critical philosophy批判哲学dogmatism独断论copernican revolution哥白尼的革命pure reason纯粹理性antinomy二律背反thing-in-itself自在之物，物自体appearance现象practical reason实践理性good will善良意志schein幻相moral law道德律finality apart from an end无目的的合目的性Analytic-synthetic分析-综合Sensibility/understanding/reason感性/知性/理性category范畴command律令reflective judgement反思的判断力representation表象Schema图型/schematism图型论，图式论Metaphysical deduction形而上学演绎Metaphysical exposition形而上学阐明Metaphysics of morals道德性而上学Metaphysics of nature自然形而上学transcendental apperception先验统觉Analogies of experience经验的类推architectonic建筑术Autonomy自主性（康德）transcendental idealism先验唯心主义Kantianism康德主义transcendental先验的transcendent超验的transcendental aesthetic先验感性论transcendental analytic先验分析论Transcendental deduction先验演绎Transcendental dialectic先验辩证论Transcendental illusion先验幻象Transcendental logic先验逻辑Transcendental ideal先验的理想Transcendental paralogism先验谬误推理Transcendental reflection先验反思A priori and synthetic judgement 先天综合判断taste鉴赏力Thing-for-itself为我之物A priori先天A posteriori后天A priori judgement先天判断A posteriori judgement 后天判断analytic judgement分析判断synthetical judgement综合判断Quantity of judgement/ category of Quantity判断的量与量的范畴Qualitaty of judgement/ category of Qualitaty判断的质与质的范畴Relation of judgement/ category of relation判断的关系与关系的范畴Mode of judgement/ category of mode 判断的样式与样式的范畴Anthropology 人本学Absolute religion绝对宗教Free spirit自由精神Objective spirit客观精神practical spirit实践精神theoretical spirit理论精神Subjective spirit主观精神Externalization外化objectification对象化Position肯定Negation否定sublation扬弃identical philosophy同一哲学in itself自我for itself自为absolute idea绝对理念absolute spirit 绝对精神philosophy of mind精神哲学subjective/objective spirit主/客观精神these-antithese-synthese正-反-合civil society市民社会alienation异化dialectic辩证法actuality现实Hegelianism黑格尔主义Young Hegellians 青年黑格尔派Natural theology自然神学（理性神学）absolute ego （费希特的）绝对自我animatism 物活论animism 泛灵论，万物有灵论anthropologism 人本主义the Apostles十二使徒asceticism 禁欲主义atomism 原子论，原子学说atonement 赎罪baptism （基督教）洗礼bourgeoisie 资产阶级causationism 因果论Christianity 基督教clherentism 贯通论The Decalogue摩西十戒deism 理神论；自然神论；自然神论（natural religion）Judgment Day 上帝的最后审判日，世界的末日Kant’s nebular hypothesis 康德的星云假说method of exclusion 排除法method of induction 归纳法nativism 先天论，天赋论sense perception 感性知觉sentience 感觉现象；原始感觉theory of reflection 反映论theory of relativity 相对论theory of representation 表象论On nature《论自然》Purification《净化篇》Sophists《智者篇》Phaedo《斐多篇》Parmenides《巴门尼德篇》Republic《国家篇》On the nature of things《物性论》Meditations《沉思集》Bible《圣经》The Apocalypse/Revelations《圣经》中的《启示录》Genesis （《圣经》）（《创世纪》）New-Testament 《新约全书》Confessions《忏悔录》Utopia《乌托邦》New organon《新工具》Advancement of learning《学术的进展》Human nature《论人性》Leviathan《利维坦》Two treatises of civil government《政府论》An essay concerning human understanding《人类理解论》A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge《人类知识原理》A treatise of human nature《人性论》An inquiry concerning human understanding 《人类理智研究》Dialogues concerning natural religion《自然宗教对话录》The natural history of religion 《宗教的自然史》Enquiries concerning the principles of morals《道德原理研究》Discourse on method《方法谈》Meditations on first philosophy《第一哲学沉思集》The principles of philosophy《哲学原理》Apology for learned ignorance《论有学问的无知》The principles of Descartes philosophy《笛卡尔哲学原理》Organon《工具论》Enneades《九章集》The ethics《伦理学》New essays on human understanding《人类理智新论》City of god 《上帝之城》Theological-political treatise《神学政治论》Essay on theodicy《神正论》On the improvement of understanding《知性改进论》Critique of pure reason《纯粹理性批判》Critique of practical reason 《实践理性批判》Critique of judgement《判断力批判》。
哲学英语基础词汇
哲学专业英语?Western?philosophy西方哲学?Ancient?Greek-Roman?philosophy古希腊罗马哲学?Hellenistic?philosophy希腊化哲学?Medieval?philosophy中世纪哲学? Renaissance?philosophy文艺复兴哲学?Modern?western?philosophy西方近代哲学?Contemporary?western?philosophy西方现代哲学?Jewish?philosophy犹太哲学马克思主义哲学Philosophy?of?Marxism??中国哲学Chinese?Philosophy??外国哲学Foreign?Philosophy??逻辑学Logic??伦理学Ethics??美学Aesthetics??宗教学Science?of?Religion??科学技术哲学Philosophy?of?Science?and?Technology?艺术哲学Philosophy?of?art?Metaphysics形而上学?Epistemology认识论/知识论?Methodology方法论?ontology本体论?Cosmology宇宙论/宇宙生成论?Theory?of?value/axiology价值论?Cognosciblism可知论?Agnosticism不可知论?Materialism唯物主义?Irrationalism非理性主义?abstract/concrete抽象/具体?Idealism唯心主义?Objective?/Subjective?idealism客/主观唯心主义?Scepticism怀疑主义?Substance实体?Sensibility/understanding/?reason感性/知性/理性?Theism有神论?Antitheism?无神论?Deism自然神论?pantheism泛神论?Dialectical??materialism辩证唯物主义?Historical?materialism历史唯物主义?Law?of?identity同一律?teleology目的论?mechanism机械论?dialectics辩证法consciousness意识?spirit精神?belief信念nature自然?reality现实，实在?possibility可能性?Illusion幻想?imagination想象力?Mysticism神秘主义?Spiritualism唯灵论?form形式?existence存在?appearance现象?essence本质?prime?matter原初质料?motion运动?Continuity/non-Continuity连续性/间断性?time?and?space时间与空间?Past-present-future过去/现在/未来?cause?and?effect原因与结果?subject?and?object主体与客体?subjectivity主体性?Necessity?and?contingency必然性与偶然性?Universals?and?individuals个别与一般/共相与殊相/普遍与个别? relative?and?absolute相对与绝对?intuition直觉?idea观念?thought思维?perception知觉?subsistence潜在?knowledge知识?opinion意见?Nature自然?Actuality/reality现实?Reality实在?Necessity?and?freedom必然与自由?archetype原型?illusion幻象?image形像，影像?ideology意识形态?mind-body?problem身心问题?representative?theory?of?idea表象说?finite?and?infinite有限与无限?humanism人道主义，人文主义Natural?theology自然神学?substratum基质?being存在?non-being非存在?atom原子?void虚空?element元素?four?roots四根?self-knowledge自知?Becoming/decay生成/衰亡?bisection两分法?becoming生成?irony讥讽?Virtue?is?knowledge美德即知识?world?of?idea理念世界?Infinite?regress?argument无穷后退证明?sense?world感性世界，感官世界?harmony和谐?theory?of?Imitation模仿说?copy摹本?archetype模型，原型?paradigm范式?model?of?universal宇宙模型，世界模型?soul?of?universal宇宙灵魂，世界灵魂?Philosopher-king哲学王?passion激情?Wisdom/courage/temperance/justice智慧/勇敢/节制/正义（four?cardinal?virtue四主德）??Desire/passion欲望/激情?artificer工匠，创造者?Genus种?primary/secondary?substance第一、二实体?form?and?matter形式与质料?accident偶性?potentiality?and?actuality潜能与现实?efficient?cause动力因?final?cause目的因?Good/highest?good善/至善?Category范畴?active?reason/active?intellect主动理性/主动理智?mean中道，中庸?wisdom智慧?Practical?wisdom实践智慧?intellectual?virtue理智德性?the?liar说谎者logos?of?the?universe宇宙理性?Theory?of?recollection回忆说?pythagoreanism毕达哥拉斯主义?atomism原子论?Good?being?nature善即自然?doctrine?of?like?knows?like同类相知说?platonism柏拉图主义?theory?of?idea理念论?aristotelianism亚里士多德主义?purification净化说?induction归纳法?canonic准则学?privation缺失，匮乏?Cynics犬儒学派?sophists智者?academy学园/柏拉图学园/雅典学园?academics学园派?Christianity基督教?Christian?philosophy基督教哲学?Judaism犹太教?heresy异端?Church?fathers教父?Providence天意，天命?theology神学?faith/hope/love信仰/希望/热爱?grace神恩，神惠，恩宠?Original?sin?原罪Justification?by?faith因信称义?realism唯实论（?extreme/moderate?）? cosmological?argument宇宙论证明?Moral?argument道德论证明?Rationalism唯理论（?materialistic/idealistic?）? Empiricism经验论（materialistic/idealistic）? Social?contract?theory社会契约论? Geographical?determinism地理环境决定论? Classical?German?philosophy德国古典哲学?The?reformation宗教改革运动?Enlightenment启蒙运动?French?materialism法国唯物主义?Mechanistic?materialism机械唯物论?maximum极大?minimum极小?utopia乌托邦?universal?intellect普遍理智property?and?form性质与形式?extension广延?first?principle第一原理?Real/nominal?essence实在/名义本质?causation因果关系?cause原因/effect结果?experience经验?Material/Spiritual?substance物质/精神实体? thinking?substance思想实体，思维实体?Innate?idea天赋观念?theory?of?substance实体论?theory?of?attribute属性论?true?idea真观念?attribute属性?experience经验（external/internal）?sensation?and?reflection感觉与反省?abstraction抽象作用abstract?idea抽象观念?Simple/complex?idea简单/复杂观念Immaterialism非物质主义?personal?identity人格同一性??school?of?continental?Rationalism大陆理性派?British?empirists英国经验派?Cambridge??platonism?剑桥柏拉图主义?Scottish?school?of?common?sense苏格兰常识学派? Old?Hegelians老年黑格尔派?Young??Hegelians青年黑格尔派?Right??Hegelians黑格尔右派?Left??Hegelians黑格尔左派?Speculative?philosophy?思辨哲学?Relative/finite?substance相对的或有限的实体? Absolute/infinite?substance绝对的或无限的实体? Infinite?attribute无限的属性?Theory?of?modes样态论Mode?样态，样式?Sensation/reflection感觉/反省?External/internal?experience外部/内部经验?Abstraction抽象作用?Small?perception微知觉?Principle?of?continuity连续性原则?Idea?of?substance/modes/relations实体/情状/关系观念?real/fantastical?ideas实在/幻想观念?Intuitive/demonstratic/probable直觉/证明/或然知识?real/nominal?essence实在/名义本质innate?human?right天赋人权will?of?all全体意志?cognition认知?Complete?notion完满性观念（莱布尼兹）?Best?of?all?possible?world可能世界中的最佳者? sentiment情感——sentimentalism?science?of?human?nature人性科学?human?nature/humanity人性?existence?is?to?be?perceived存在就是被感知immaterialism非物质论?idea?and?notion观念与意念?impression?and?ideas印象与观念?contiguity?in?time?and?space接近关系causal?relation因果关系?Appearance现象（康德）critical?philosophy批判哲学dogmatism独断论?copernican?revolution哥白尼的革命pure?reason纯粹理性appearance现象?practical?reason实践理性good?will善良意志?moral?law道德律?Analytic-synthetic分析-综合?Sensibility/understanding/reason感性/知性/理性command律令?representation表象?Metaphysical?deduction形而上学演绎? Metaphysical?exposition形而上学阐明? Metaphysics?of?morals道德性而上学? Metaphysics?of?nature自然形而上学? transcendental?idealism先验唯心主义Kantianism康德主义?transcendental先验的transcendent超验的?Transcendental?illusion先验幻象Transcendental?logic先验逻辑? Transcendental?ideal先验的理想? Transcendental?reflection先验反思?A?priori?and?synthetic?judgement?先天综合判断? taste鉴赏力?Thing-for-itself为我之物?A?priori先天?A?posteriori后天Anthropology?人本学?Absolute?religion绝对宗教?Free?spirit自由精神?Objective?spirit客观精神?practical?spirit实践精神?theoretical?spirit理论精神?Subjective?spirit主观精神?Externalization外化?objectification对象化Position肯定?Negation否定sublation扬弃?absolute?idea绝对理念absolute?spirit?绝对精神philosophy?of?mind精神哲学?subjective/objective?spirit主/客观精神civil?society市民社会dialectic辩证法actuality现实?anthropologism?人本主义?asceticism?禁欲主义??atomism?原子论，原子学说??atonement?赎罪?sense?perception?感性知觉?sentience?感觉现象；原始感觉theory?of?reflection?反映论?theory?of?relativity??相对论?theory?of?representation?表象论?Bible《圣经》?Confessions《忏悔录》Utopia《乌托邦》?Advancement?of?learning《学术的进展》Human?nature《论人性》?A?treatise?of?human?nature《人性论》?The?natural?history?of?religion?《宗教的自然史》Discourse?on?method《方法谈》?The?principles?of?philosophy《哲学原理》?Apology?for?learned?ignorance《论有学问的无知》?The?principles?of?Descartes?philosophy《笛卡尔哲学原理》? The?ethics《伦理学》?Critique?of?pure?reason《纯粹理性批判》?Critique?of?practical?reason?《实践理性批判》?Critique?of?judgement《判断力批判》。
哲学科目英语词汇集合
哲学科目英语词汇集合哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics法学LawCommunist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations外交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学Ethnology民族学Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Education教育学Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学V ocational and Technical Education特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology基础心理学Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Science体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language andLiterature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature 外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics inForeign Languages新闻传播学Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism传播学Communication艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory音乐学Music美术学Fine Arts设计艺术学Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera 电影学Film。
哲学类英语词汇
一、哲学词汇感性Sens ibili ty知性Unde rstan ding理性Reas on认识论the ory of cognit ion先天综合判断a priori synthe tic judgme nt物自体thi ng-in-itself先验感性论T ransc enden tal Aesthe tic感性论Aes theti c直观intu ition感觉sens ation经验性的直观empir icalintuit ion纯粹的直观p ure intuit ion形而上学；玄学meta physi cs质料matt er形式f orm先验逻辑Tr ansce ndent al logic先验分析论T ransc enden tal analyt ic先验辩证论T ransc enden tal dialec tic纯粹的知性概念pure concep ts of theunders tandi ng原则的能力f acult y of princi ples宇宙论cos molog y道德律令 moralcomman d至善summum bunkum崇高subl ime反思判断ju dgmen t of reflec tion[唯]意志论 Volunt arism一般陶冶 genera l cultur e七艺{文法、逻辑、修辞、音乐、算数、几何、天文} Sevenlibera l arts人本主义；人文主义 humani sm人本教育；人文教育 humani sticeducat ion三科{文法、逻辑、修辞} tritiu m下意识sub consci ousne ss士气 morale大修道院学校 abbeyschool大礼堂 audito rium女生训导{史} Dean of women工艺学校 arts and crafts school公民教育 Citize nship educat ion; Educat ion for citize nship公民德行 civicvirtue反省；反思 reflec tion反省[后]行为 reflec tivebehavi or反省思考reflec tivethough t天主教教学法 cathol ic pedago gy文化；修养 cultur e文化教育 cultur al educat ion文化教育学Cultur e pedago gy文字主义；字句主义 verbal ism方法论 method ology主教学校 Bishop's school古典主义 Classi cism古典语文｛古希腊文、拉丁文｝ classi cal langua ge古典学科 classi cal course古典学校；古典学派 classi cal school四目{音乐、算数、几何、天文} quadri vium本性 origin al nature母性 matern ity母道；母仪mother craft母语 mother langua ge; Mother tongue民本教育 democr aticeducat ion民族主义 nation alism民族主义教育 nation alist ic educat ion目的论 teleol ogy先天观念 innate idea同情 sympat hy合理化[作用] ration aliza tion回教教育；伊斯兰教育Mohamm edaneducat ion [= Islami c educat ion]自由意志free will自然主义 natura lism自然主义教育 natura listi c educat ion自然趋势 natura l tenden cy自然惩罚 natura l punish ment判断 judgme nt助理教师 assist ant teache r助理教授 assist ant profes sor批判分数 critic al score批判教育学Critic al pedago gy系统教育学System aticpedago gy儿童文学 childr en's litera ture儿童指导所Child-guidan ce clinic儿童学Radiol ogy; Penolo gy夜校{英} moonli ght school性格；品格 charac ter泛爱主义philan throp ist泛爱主义教育 philan throp ic educat ion泛爱学校 philan throp ic school社会化 social izati on社会主义 Social ism社会主义教育 social istic educat ion社会学 Sociol ogy品格培养 charac ter buildi ng; Format ion of charac ter品格教育 charac ter educat ion品格测验 charac ter test品格评比 charac ter rating品格诊断；品性诊断 charac ter diagno sis 思考 thinki ng查经班 Bibleclass美育 aesthe tic educat ion美育[教]学 esthet ic pedago gy美感 aesthe tic feelin g美感判断 esthet ic judgme nt美学aesthe tics; Esthet ics个人主义 indivi duali sm修道院 cloist er修道院教育monast ic educat ion修道院学校monast ery school; Monast ic school; cloist er school修辞学校 rhetor icalschool伦理教育 ethica l educat ion伦理学 Ethics原理；原则 princi ple原创性 origin ality哲学的教育学 philos ophic al pedago gy宫廷学校 Courtschool; Palace school校友 alumnu s; Alumni {Pl .}校友会 alumni associ ation校风 school ethos格言；行为准则 maxim气质 temper ament消极训练 negati ve discip line消极教育 negati ve educat ion消极适应 negati ve adapta tion神学院 divini ty school; Theolo gical colleg e; theolo gical semina ry神学教育 theolo gical educat ion纯粹科学 pure scienc e虔敬主义 pietis m 副校长 assist ant princi pal副教授 associ ate profes sor唱诗学校 Choirschool问答法 questi on and answer method唯物论 materi alism唯实主义教育 realis tic educat ion唯实论；实在论 realis m国家教育；民族教育 nation al educat ion基督宗教教育 Christ ian educat ion专业道德；专业伦理[学] profes siona l ethics 情感[作用]；感情 affect ion情操 sentim ent推论；推理 infere nce [= reason ing]教育工作者educat or教育史 Histor y of educat ion教育哲学 Educat ional philos ophy; Philos ophyof educat ion教育价值 educat ional value教育学家；教育学者 educat ional ist;Educat ionis t教育历程 educat ional proces s 教区学校parish school; Paroch ial school教规；训诫 precep t理性教育 ration al educat ion理性论；理性主义 ration alism理想 ideal陆军学校 army school陶冶；教化 cultiv ation陶冶；教育{德} bildun g博士论文 Doctor al disser tatio n; Doctor ate disser tatio n博士学位 Doctor ate; Doctor's degree; Doctor al degree象征主义 symbol ism意识 consci ousne ss意识流 stream s of consci ousne ss慈善学校 charit y school新教育 New educat ion新教学校 Protes tantschool暗示 sugges tion道德教育 moraleducat ion道德教学 moralinstru ction模范学校 modelschool论理次序；逻辑次序 logica l order论理学；逻辑；理哲学 Logicepiste molog y 认识论essent ialis m 本质论ration alism理性主义realis m 实在论reduct ionis m 还原论met theory元理论micrologic微观逻辑hy pothe sis 假说testab ility可检验性indete rmini sm 非决定论 naivefalsif icati onism朴素证伪主义naiveinstru menta lism朴素工具主义refuta bilit y 可反驳的falsif y 证伪 refuta tion反驳verifi catio n 证实justif y 证明 verify证实justif icati onism证明主义verisi milit ude 逼真性logica l positi vism逻辑实证主义macrologic宏观逻辑mental ist 精神主义met langua ge 元语言met scienc e 元科学falsit y conten t 虚假性内容irrati onali sm 非理性主义subjec tivis m 主观主义。
philosophical词根词缀
philosophical词根词缀
哲学词根和词缀是哲学英语词汇的重要构成部分。
这些词根和词缀来源于希腊语和拉丁语，它们赋予了英语词汇丰富的哲学含义和深刻的思想内涵。
以下是一些常见的哲学词根和词缀：
1. Philo- (爱)：表示热爱、追求、崇拜。
如philosophy（哲学）、philanthropy（博爱）。
2. -logy (学科、科学)：表示学科、学问、科学。
如psychology （心理学）、biology（生物学）。
3. -osophy (智慧、学说)：表示智慧、学说、哲学。
如sophistry （诡辩学）、theosophy（神秘主义哲学）。
4. Meta- (超越、超过)：表示超越、超过、变革、转化。
如metaphysics（形而上学）、metamorphosis（变形）。
5. -ism (主义、体系)：表示主义、体系、信仰。
如existentialism （存在主义）、feminism（女权主义）。
6. -logy (逻辑)：表示逻辑。
如anthropology（人类学）、cosmology（宇宙论）。
7. -phobia (恐惧症)：表示恐惧症。
如arachnophobia（蜘蛛恐惧症）、claustrophobia（幽闭恐惧症）。
8. -cracy (政治制度、统治)：表示政治制度、统治。
如democracy （民主制度）、aristocracy（贵族统治）。
以上这些哲学词根和词缀在英语中被广泛使用，对于学习哲学英语或研究哲学思想都是非常重要的。
英语分类词汇大全
学科mathematics n.=maths数学arts n.文科science n.科学,自然科学history n.历史;历史学geometry n.几何学geography n.地理学;地理geology n.地质学biology n.生物(学)chemistry n.化学physics n.物理(学)literature n.文学sociology n.社会学philosophy n.哲学,哲学体系psychology n.心理学engineering n.工程;工程学medicine n.药,内服药;医学agriculture n.农业,农学astronomy n.天文学economics n.经济学politics n.政治law n.法律,法令;定律finance n.财政;金融vt.提供资金;筹款 architecture n.建筑,建筑学humanities n.人文科学艺术流派Byzantine n.拜占庭 a.拜占庭式的Romanesque a.罗马式的Gothic n.a.哥特式的Baroque n.巴洛克时期 a.巴洛克式的 classicism n.古典主义,古典风格romanticism n.浪漫主义realism n.现实主义symbolism n.象征主义impressionism n.印象主义expressionism n.表现主义Fauvism n.野兽派abstractionism n.抽象派艺术Cubism n.立体派艺术naturalism n.自然主义existentialism n.存在主义文学author n.作者,作家;始作者essay n.散文,小品文,随笔reportage n.报告文学criticism n.批评,指责;评论anthology n.选集edition n.版,版本work n.工作;劳动;作品masterpiece n.杰作;名著copyright n.版权writer n.作者,作家volume n.卷,册;体积,容量;音量drama n.戏剧;戏剧艺术comedy n.喜剧;喜剧性的事情tragedy n.悲惨的事;悲剧性作品farce n.滑稽剧play vi.玩vt.打(球);游戏;播放n.玩耍;戏剧playwright n.编剧,剧作家performance n.演出;表演act n.行为,举动;法令vt./vi. (戏剧)表演,扮演(角色),演出(戏)vi.行动,做事 scene n.(戏剧、电影等的)场景;(出事的)现场,地点plot n.阴谋;情节vt./vi.密谋intrigue n.错综复杂的剧情story n.故事,小说;楼层episode n.插曲,一个事件denouement n.结局poetry n.(总称)诗poet n.诗人poem n.诗ode n.颂歌verse n.(诗)节line n.绳索;线;排,行;线路vt./vi.画线;排成行rhyme n.押韵vt./vi.使押韵;押韵prose n.散文novel n.小说,长篇故事a.新奇的,新颖的fiction n.虚构;编造;小说biography n.传记fable n.寓言science fiction n.科幻小说satire n.讽刺文学essay n.散文,小品文,随笔composition n.作文;作曲improvisation n.即席讲演,演奏criticism n.批评,指责;评论critic n.批评家,评论家eloquence n.口才绘画雕塑gallery n.美术馆,画廊,美术品陈列室salon n.沙龙exhibition n.展览;展览会collection n.收藏品;收集物inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞artist n.艺术家;(尤指)画画儿的人,画家pigment n.颜料painter n.绘画者,(油)画家oil painting n.油画watercolor n.水彩画wash vt./vi.洗;冲洗;冲走n.洗;冲洗;洗的衣服engraving n.版画tracing n.临摹sketch n.素描;草图;概略vt./vi.素描;勾画;概述portrait n.肖像;人像model n.模型,原形;模范;模特caricature n.讽刺漫画cartoon n.动画片,卡通;漫画nude n.裸体画profile n.侧影;简要描述;姿态landscape n.风景seascape n.海景画frame n.结构;框架;体格vt.装框canvas n.画布studio n.工作室,画室;演播室sculpture n.雕刻;雕像;雕塑作品carving n.雕刻品;雕刻statue n.雕像figure n.数字;图形;(人的)身型;人物bronze n.青铜音乐soprano n.女高音alto n.女低音baritone n.男中音bass n.男低音,贝司tenor n.男高音bassoon n.低音管brass n.黄铜,黄铜器;铜管乐器classical music n.古典音乐conductor n.管理人,指导者;(车上的)售票员,列车员;乐队指挥 flute n.长笛harmonica n.口琴jazz n.爵士音乐;爵士舞曲opera n.歌剧orchestra n.管弦乐队solo a.单独的n.独奏曲soloist n.独奏者,独唱者symphony n.交响乐;交响曲pop n.砰的一声;流行乐曲;汽水a.流行的,通俗的rock n.岩石,大石头;摇滚乐vt.摇,晃动国家与语言America n.美国;美洲Arab n.阿拉伯人Australia n.澳洲;澳大利亚Austria n.奥地利Britain n.英国;大不列颠Canada n.加拿大China n.中国Egypt n.埃及(非洲)England n.英格兰France n.法国Germany n.德国Greece n.希腊Holland n.荷兰(欧洲)India n.印度Ireland n.爱尔兰Italy n.意大利Japan n.日本Spain n.西班牙Sweden n.瑞典Swiss a. 瑞士的;瑞士人的n.瑞士人Switzerland n.瑞士(欧洲中部国家)Brazil n.巴西Finland n.芬兰Norway n.挪威Russia n.俄罗斯,俄国Belgium n.比利时American a.美国的;美国人的;美洲的;n.美国人Chinese a.中国的,中国人的,汉语的n.中国人;中国话,中文Egyptian a.埃及的,埃及人的,古埃及语的n.埃及人English a.英国的,英国人的;英语的n.英语(集合名词,谓语动词用复数形式)英国人(the English)French n.法语;法国人a.法国的;法国人的;法语的German a.德国的,德国人的,德语的n.德国人,德语(注:复Germans)Greek a.希腊的,希腊人的。
哲学美学英语词汇知乎
哲学美学英语词汇一：哲学家专有名词1、辩证法（dialectic）一种被黑格尔和马克思大加使用的哲学方法，在辩证法中，矛盾之间互相对抗以达到真理。
辩证法的起源可以在古希腊哲学中找到。
2、白板（tabula rasa）洛克哲学中的术语。
洛克认为心灵就像一块白板，从而与天赋观念存在的学说相对立。
换句话说，心灵在人刚出生时是“空白的”，我们所知道的任何东西都必须通过经验“印上去”。
3、超人（ubermensch）尼采著作中的一个概念，指一个有可能在未来取代我们的卓越的人。
4、超验的（transcendent）独立的。
在宗教哲学中，超验的上帝与他所创造的宇宙是相分离的和迥然不同的。
这与内在的上帝概念相反，比如在泛神论中，上帝是等同于他的造物的，或可举一个不同的例子，在某种形式的人本主义那里，上帝是与人类相等同的（黑格尔主张这种观点）。
5、沉思（的生活）[contemplation（the life）]按照亚里士多德（和其他哲学家）的说法，这是最幸福的生活，即是思想和哲学的生活。
6、存在的世界（world of Being）柏拉图形而上学中的术语，指理想中的“形式”的世界，这个世界是没有变化的，我们只能通过理性和思想来认识这个世界。
7、单子（monad）莱布尼茨用来指一切不变事物的最终组成部分的非物质实体，上帝是唯一一个不是被创造的单子，他作为自我封闭的（“无窗的”）的先定实体创造了所有其他单子。
8、狄奥尼索斯式的（尼采）[Dionysian（Nietzsche）]艺术、精力和意志中的非理性原则。
9、公意（卢梭）[general will（Rousseau）]一个民族集体的愿望和决定。
10、信仰的飞跃（leap of faith）克尔凯郭尔的用语。
他认为一个人不可能证明他所信仰的东西。
11、海森堡不确定性原理（物理学中的）[Heisenberg uncertainty principle（in physics）]一个亚原子粒子的运动和位置不可能同时确定。
(完整版)马克思主义哲学英语专业词汇
(完整版)马克思主义哲学英语专业词汇马克思主义哲学英语专业词汇目的本文档旨在提供一个完整的马克思主义哲学英语专业词汇表，以协助研究和理解马克思主义哲学中的重要概念和术语。
内容以下是一些常用的马克思主义哲学英语专业词汇：1. Dialectical Materialism - 辩证唯物主义2. Historical Materialism - 唯物史观3. Class struggle - 阶级斗争4. Proletariat - 无产阶级5. Bourgeoisie - 资产阶级6. Means of production - 生产资料7. Surplus value - 剩余价值8. Alienation - 异化9. Socialist Revolution - 社会主义革命10. Dictatorship of the proletariat - 无产阶级专政请注意，以上仅为示例词汇，文档中将提供更全面的词汇表。
马克思主义哲学英语专业词汇目的本文档旨在提供一个完整的马克思主义哲学英语专业词汇表，以协助研究和理解马克思主义哲学中的重要概念和术语。
内容以下是一些常用的马克思主义哲学英语专业词汇：1. Dialectical Materialism - 辩证唯物主义2. Historical Materialism - 唯物史观3. Class struggle - 阶级斗争4. Proletariat - 无产阶级5. Bourgeoisie - 资产阶级6. Means of production - 生产资料7. Surplus value - 剩余价值8. Alienation - 异化9. Socialist Revolution - 社会主义革命10. Dictatorship of the proletariat - 无产阶级专政请注意，以上仅为示例词汇，文档中将提供更全面的词汇表。
通用学术英语教学参考词表
通用学术英语教学参考词表
通用学术英语教学参考词表是一份用于指导通用学术英语教学的词汇表，旨在帮助学生更好地掌握学术英语词汇，提高学术英语水平。
该词汇表包括了一些常用的学术英语词汇，并按照学科领域进行了分类。
通用学术英语教学参考词表通常包括以下学科领域的词汇：
1. 人文学科：包括历史、哲学、文学、语言学等学科的常用词汇。
2. 社会科学：包括政治学、经济学、社会学、心理学等学科的常用词汇。
3. 自然科学：包括物理学、化学、生物学、地质学等学科的常用词汇。
4. 工程与技术：包括机械工程、电子工程、计算机科学、材料科学等学科的常用词汇。
5. 医学与健康：包括医学、生物学、营养学、药学等学科的常用词汇。
该词汇表通常会提供每个单词的音标、释义和用法，以及一些相关的例句和练习题，帮助学生更好地掌握这些词汇。
除了通用学术英语教学参考词表，还有一些其他的学术英语词汇表和教学资源，如学科专业英语词汇表、学术英语词典、学术英语阅读材料等，可以帮助学生提高学术英语水平。
哲学科目英语词汇集合
哲学科目英语词汇集合哲学科目英语词汇集合哲学 Philosophy 哲学马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism 马克思主义哲学中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy 中国哲学外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies 外国哲学逻辑学 Logic 逻辑学伦理学 Ethics 伦理学美学 Aesthetics 美学宗教学 Science of Religion 宗教学科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology 科学技术哲学经济学 Economics 经济学理论经济学 Theoretical Economics 理论经济学政治经济学 Political Economy 政治经济学经济思想史 History of Economic Thought 经济思想史经济史 History of Economic 经济史西方经济学 Western Economics 西方经济学世界经济 World Economics 世界经济人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学应用经济学 Applied Economics 应用经济学国民经济学 National Economics 国民经济学区域经济学 Regional Economics 区域经济学法学 Law 法学Communist Movement 中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building) 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育and Politics 国际政治学 International Politics 国际政治学国际关系学 International Relations 国际关系学外交学 Diplomacy 外交学社会学 Sociology 社会学社会学 Sociology 社会学人口学 Demography 人口学人类学 Anthropology 人类学民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature) 民族学 Ethnology 民族学民族学 Ethnology 民族学马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy 马克思主义民族理论与政策中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics 中国少数民族经济中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History 中国少数民族史中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art 中国少数民族艺术教育学教育学 Education 教育学教育学 Education Science 教育学原理教育学原理 Educational Principle 课程与教学论课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology 教育史教育史 History of Education 比较教育学比较教育学 Comparative Education 学前教育学学前教育学 Pre-school Education 高等教育学高等教育学 Higher Education 成人教育学成人教育学 Adult Education 职业技术教育学职业技术教育学 V ocational and Technical Education 特殊教育学特殊教育学 Special Education 教育技术学教育技术学 Education Technology 心理学心理学 Psychology 基础心理学基础心理学 Basic Psychology 发展与心理学发展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology 应用心理学应用心理学 Applied Psychology 体育学体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports 体育人文社会学体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports 运动人体科学运动人体科学 Human Movement Science 体育教育训练学体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training 民族传统体育学民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports 文学文学 Literature 中国语言文学中国语言文学 Chinese Literature 文艺学文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art 语言学及应用语言学语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics 汉语言文字学汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology 中国古典文献学中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text 中国古代文学中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature 中国现当代文学中国现当代文学 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature 中国少数民族语言文学中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature 比较文学与世界文学比较文学与世界文学 Comparative Literature and World Literature 外国语言文学外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures 英语语言文学英语语言文学 English Language and Literature 俄语语言文学俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature 法语语言文学法语语言文学 French Language and Literature 德语语言文学德语语言文学 German Language and Literature 日语语言文学日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature 印度语言文学印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature 西班牙语语言文学西班牙语语言文学 Spanish Language and Literature 阿拉伯语语言文学阿拉伯语语言文学 Arabic Language and Literature 欧洲语言文学欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature 亚非语言文学亚非语言文学 Asian-African Language and Literature 外国语言学及应用语言学外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages 新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication 新闻传播学新闻学 Journalism 新闻学传播学 Communication 传播学艺术学 Art 艺术学艺术学 Art Theory 艺术学音乐学 Music 音乐学美术学 Fine Arts 美术学设计艺术学 Artistic Design 设计艺术学戏剧戏曲学 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera 戏剧戏曲学电影学 Film 电影学。
哲学英语词汇
哲学英语词汇Dive into the world of philosophical English vocabulary, where words transcend mere definition and become the building blocks of profound thought. From the ancient musings of Plato to the modern existential queries of Sartre, the language of philosophy is rich with terms that challenge our understanding of reality, morality, and existence itself.Consider 'ontology', the study of being, which invites us to ponder the nature of existence beyond the physical world. 'Epistemology', on the other hand, is the investigation into knowledge, questioning what we can truly know and how we come to know it. The term 'teleology', derived from the Greek'telos' meaning end or purpose, explores whether events or processes have a purpose or goal.As we navigate the complexities of 'deontology', we delve into the realm of moral obligations and duties, contrasting with 'utilitarianism', which seeks the greatest good for the greatest number. 'Aesthetics', the philosophy of beauty, encourages us to appreciate the sensory and emotional experiences that art and nature provide.'Phenomenology', a method of examining conscious experience from the first-person perspective, offers insights into how we perceive the world around us. 'Hermeneutics', the art of interpretation, is crucial for understanding texts, both literary and philosophical, and the subjective nature ofmeaning.In the realm of ethics, 'virtue ethics' focuses on the development of moral character, while 'deontological ethics' emphasizes rules and duties. The term 'categoricalimperative', a concept by Immanuel Kant, demands that we act according to maxims that could be universally applied.'Metaphysics', the branch of philosophy that deals withthe fundamental nature of reality, is a field where'substance', 'causality', and 'identity' are central concepts. 'Dualism', as proposed by Descartes, posits a separation between the mind and the body, while 'materialism' suggests that all phenomena can be explained by physical processes.The journey through philosophical English vocabulary isnot just a linguistic exercise; it's an intellectualadventure that sharpens our critical thinking and deepens our understanding of the human condition. So, let's embrace the challenge and explore the intricate tapestry of philosophical concepts that shape our worldview.。
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学Industrial Economics国际贸易学International Trade劳动经济学Labor Economics统计学Statistics数量经济学Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics法学Law法学Science of Law法学理论Jurisprudence法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学Science of Military Law政治学Political Science政治学理论Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际****主义运动Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中国共产党党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations外交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature) 民族学Ethnology民族学Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Education教育学Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology基础心理学Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Science体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism传播学Communication艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory音乐学Music美术学Fine Arts设计艺术学Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学Film广播电视艺术学Radio and television Art舞蹈学Dance历史学History历史学History史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学Archaeology and Museology历史地理学Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史History of Particular Subjects中国古代史Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史World History理学Natural Science数学Mathematics基础数学Fundamental Mathematics计算数学Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理Plasma Physics凝聚态物理Condensed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics无线电物理Radio Physics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理）Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学Astronomy天体物理Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学Geography自然地理学Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment 海洋科学Marine Sciences物理海洋学Physical Oceanography海洋化学Marine Chemistry海洋生理学Marine Biology海洋地质学Marine Geology地球物理学Geophysics固体地球物理学Solid Earth Physics空间物理学Space Physics地质学Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology 地球化学Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学）Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学Structural Geology第四纪地质学Quaternary Geology生物学Biology植物学Botany动物学Zoology生理学Physiology水生生物学Hydrobiology微生物学Microbiology神经生物学Neurobiology遗传学Genetics发育生物学Developmental Biology细胞生物学Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Science系统理论Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史History of Science and Technology工学Engineering力学Mechanics一般力学与力学基础General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学Solid Mechanics流体力学Fluid Mechanics工程力学Engineering Mechanics机械工程Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程Vehicle Engineering光学工程Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料科学与工程Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学Materialogy材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics 工程热物理Engineering Thermophysics热能工程Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering 电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment 系统工程Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计）Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程Civil Engineering岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程Chemical Engineering化学工艺Chemical Technology生物化工Biochemical Engineering应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程Geological Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering 服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engineering发酵工程Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering Control交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程Marine Engine Engineering水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology 飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与****工程Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering 军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程Forestry Engineering森林工程Forest Engineering木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学Immunology病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Forensic Medicine放射医学Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学）Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism,Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学）Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学Oncology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学Emergency Medicine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chinese Medicine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine 民族医学Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative 中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学Pharmaceutical Science药物化学Medicinal Chemistry药剂学Pharmaceutics生药学Pharmacognosy药物分析学Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学Pharmacology中药学Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History军事思想学Military Thought军事历史学Military History战略学Science of Strategy军事战略学Military Strategy战争动员学War Mobilization战役学Science of Operations联合战役学Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学）Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学Science of Tactics合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学Branch Tactics军队指挥学Science of Command作战指挥学Combat Command军事运筹学Military Operation Research军事通信学Military Communication军事情报学Military Intelligence密码学Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学）Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学Science of Military System军事组织编制学Military Organizational System军队管理学Military Management军队政治工作学Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学Military Logistics后方专业勤务Rear Special Service军事装备学Military Equipment管理学Management Science管理科学与工程Management Science and Engineering工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学）Corporate Management (includingFinancial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics Management农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics Management林业经济管理学Forestry Economics Management公共管理学Science of Public Management注：院：School of + 专业名系：Department of + 专业名。
哲学英语基础词汇
possｉbiｌiｔｙ可能性
Ilｌusioｎ幻想
ｉｍagｉnａｔion想象力
Ｍystｉcisｍ神秘主义
Spiritｕalism唯灵论
fｏrｍ形式
existence存在
aｐｐｅarａnｃe现象
essｅnce本质
primｅmatteｒ原初质料
mｏｔｉｏn运动
Continｕity/ｎon-Contｉnuｉｔy连续性/间断性
Infiniｔe regｒess argumeｎt无穷后退证明
ｓense woｒld感性世界,感官世界
harmｏny和谐
thｅoryｏf Iｍitatiｏn模仿说
cｏｐy摹本
arｃｈeｔｙpe模型,原型
paradigm范式
ｍodelｏｆunｉvｅrsal宇宙模型,世界模型
soｕｌof univｅｒsal宇宙灵魂,世界灵魂
mean中道,中庸
ｗｉsdom智慧
Practical wｉｓdoｍ实践智慧
iｎtellectualｖirtue理智德性
the liar说谎者
ｌｏgos oｆthe uniｖerse宇宙理性
Ｔheory ofｒeｃolｌeｃtion回忆说
pyｔhagoreanism毕达哥拉斯主义
ａtomism原子论
Good beｉnｇnatｕre善即自然
Dialecticａl mａｔeｒiaｌｉsm辩证唯物主义
Ｈistoriｃal maｔerialism历史唯物主义
Ｌａw oｆidentity同一律
tｅleologｙ目的论
ｍｅchaniｓm机械论
diａlecｔics辩证法
ｃoｎscｉouｓneｓs意识
spiｒit精神
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际****主义运动 Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中国共产党党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports 运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学 Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学 English Language and Literature俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学 French Language and Literature德语语言文学 German Language and Literature日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学 Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学 Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature亚非语言文学 Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学 Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学 Film广播电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History历史学 History史学理论及史学史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science 考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理） Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology 地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术 Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械 Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料科学与工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics 工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论 Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology建筑学 Architecture建筑历史与理论 Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论 Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计） Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学 Building Technology Science土木工程 Civil Engineering岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering结构工程 Structural Engineering市政工程 Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程 Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源 Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学 Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术 Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程 Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术 Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程 Chemical Engineering化学工艺 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering应用化学 Applied Chemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术 Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mineral Engineering采矿工程 Mining Engineering矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程 Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计 Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering 服装设计与工程 Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程 Sugar Engineering发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering Control交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering水声工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术 Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology 飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与****工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and AmmunitionEngineering军事化学与烟火技术 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用 Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程 Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程 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(General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine Physical Therapy运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine中医学 Chinese Medicine中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学 Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学 Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学 Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学 Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative 中西医结合临床医学 Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学 Pharmaceutical Science药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry药剂学 Pharmaceutics生药学 Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学 Pharmacology中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学 Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学 Military Thought and Military History军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学 Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学 Science of Operations联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学） Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学 Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学 Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学 Military Operation Research军事通信学 Military Communication军事情报学 Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学） Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学 Science of Military System军事组织编制学 Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学 Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment 军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学） Corporate Management (includingFinancial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学 Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学 Agricultural and Forestry Economics Management农业经济管理学 Agricultural Economics Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management注：院：School 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哲学专业英语词汇
哲学专业英语（the course of philosophical English）西方哲学专业词汇Western philosophy西方哲学Ancient Greek-Roman philosophy古希腊罗马哲学Hellenistic philosophy希腊化哲学Medieval philosophy中世纪哲学Renaissance philosophy文艺复兴哲学Modern western philosophy西方近代哲学Contemporary western philosophy西方现代哲学Jewish philosophy犹太哲学马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophy逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 艺术哲学Philosophy of artMetaphysics形而上学Epistemology认识论/知识论Methodology方法论ontology本体论Cosmology宇宙论/宇宙生成论Theory of value/axiology价值论Monism一元论Dualism二元论Pluralism多元论Cognosciblism可知论Agnosticism不可知论Materialism唯物主义Irrationalism非理性主义abstract/concrete抽象/具体Idealism唯心主义Objective /Subjective idealism客/主观唯心主义Scepticism怀疑主义Substance实体macrocosm大宇宙microcosm小宇宙Sensibility/understanding/ reason感性/知性/理性Theism有神论Antitheism 无神论Deism自然神论pantheism泛神论Dialectical materialism辩证唯物主义Historical materialism历史唯物主义Law of identity同一律Law of contradiction排中律Law of excluded middle排中律teleology目的论mechanism机械论dialectics辩证法consciousness意识spirit精神belief信念nature自然reality现实，实在possibility可能性Illusion幻想imagination想象力Mysticism神秘主义Spiritualism唯灵论form形式existence存在appearance现象essence本质prime matter原初质料motion运动Continuity/non-Continuity连续性/间断性time and space时间与空间Past-present-future过去/现在/未来cause and effect原因与结果subject and object主体与客体occasionalism偶因论Ockham’s razor奥康剃刀subjectivity主体性Necessity and contingency必然性与偶然性Universals and individuals个别与一般/共相与殊相/普遍与个别relative and absolute相对与绝对intuition直觉idea观念thought思维perception知觉subsistence潜在knowledge知识opinion意见Nature自然Actuality/reality现实Reality实在Necessity and freedom必然与自由Beginning/first principle/arche（希）本原，始基archetype原型illusion幻象image形像，影像ideology意识形态doctrine of correspondence符合说mind-body problem身心问题representative theory of idea表象说finite and infinite有限与无限humanism人道主义，人文主义Natural theology自然神学substratum基质The infinite/boundless/apeiron无定/无限pneuma普纽玛being存在non-being非存在logos逻各斯mind/nous努斯psyche/pneuma普纽玛atom原子void虚空element元素four roots四根self-knowledge自知Becoming/decay生成/衰亡bisection两分法flying arrow is at rest飞矢不动stadium运动场becoming生成doctrine of effluence流射说Eristic/elenchus论辩术，诡辩术art of midwifery/maieutic method助产术/接生术irony讥讽Virtue is knowledge美德即知识world of idea理念世界Infinite regress argument无穷后退证明Simile of the cave洞穴喻Simile of the line线段喻Simile of the sun太阳喻sense world感性世界，感官世界harmony和谐theory of Participation（sharing）分有说theory of Imitation模仿说copy摹本archetype模型，原型paradigm范式model of universal宇宙模型，世界模型soul of universal宇宙灵魂，世界灵魂Philosopher-king哲学王passion激情Wisdom/courage/temperance/justice智慧/勇敢/节制/正义（four cardinal virtue四主德）Desire/passion欲望/激情artificer工匠，创造者Genus种primary/secondary substance第一、二实体form and matter形式与质料accident偶性potentiality and actuality潜能与现实four causes 四因material cause质料因formal cause形式因efficient cause动力因final cause目的因ether以太Actuality现实/entelechy隐德莱希（完全实现）Good/highest good善/至善Category范畴Peripatetics漫步学派active reason/active intellect主动理性/主动理智mean中道，中庸wisdom智慧Practical wisdom实践智慧intellectual virtue理智德性the liar说谎者argument of the measure of grain谷堆论证argument of the baldhead秃头论证argument of the veiled figure隐藏者论证logos of the universe宇宙理性one太一What-it-is 是什么the third man argument第三者论证Theory of recollection回忆说epoche悬搁判断==judgement of suspension ataraxy静观doctrine of emanation流溢说anthropomorphism神人同形同性论=拟人观pythagoreanism毕达哥拉斯主义transmigration of souls灵魂轮回转世说atomism原子论Mode of cyclical reasoning循环论证Good being nature善即自然sensation was due to action between the unlikes异类相知说doctrine of like knows like同类相知说doctrine of seeds种子说Doctrine of love and strife爱恨说doctrine of image影像说cynicism犬儒主义platonism柏拉图主义theory of idea理念论doctrine of the communion of genera通种论aristotelianism亚里士多德主义syllogism三段论Unmoved mover不动的动者==prime moverpurification净化说induction归纳法pyrrhonism皮浪主义Epicureanism伊壁鸠鲁主义canonic准则学Ionian school伊奥尼亚学派Milesian school米利都学派Ephsian school爱菲斯学派Heraclitean school赫拉克利特学派Pythagoreans 毕达哥拉斯学派Eleatic school爱利亚学派privation缺失，匮乏Presocratics前苏格拉底学派Cynics犬儒学派Cyrenaics昔兰尼学派megarian school麦加拉派sophists智者Minor socratics小苏格拉底学派academy学园/柏拉图学园/雅典学园academics学园派peripatetics漫步学派stoics画廊学派/斯多亚学派Epicurean school伊壁鸠鲁学派Christianity基督教Christian philosophy基督教哲学Judaism犹太教Trinity三位一体heresy异端Polytheism多神论eschatology末世论Church fathers教父Providence天意，天命Kingdom of God上帝之国theology神学negative theology否定神学Positive theology肯定神学Patristic philosophy/ Patristics教父哲学/教父学scholasticism经院哲学revealed religion天启宗教，启示宗教Trinity三位一体incarnation道成肉身faith/hope/love信仰/希望/热爱doctrine of redemption救赎论grace神恩，神惠，恩宠omnipotence全能omniscience全知omnipresence全在Argument a posteriori先天证明Argument a priori后天证明fideism信仰主义（僧侣主义）hylozoism物活论Original sin 原罪Justification by faith因信称义Ockham’s razor奥卡姆剃刀nominalism唯名论（extreme/moderate）realism唯实论（extreme/moderate ）Augustinism奥古斯丁主义ontological argument本体论证明cosmological argument宇宙论证明teleological argument目的论证明Moral argument道德论证明Supreme good argument至善性证明Faith hope and charity信望爱doctrine of double-truth双重真理论Divine illumination神的光照Theological fatalism神学预定论Thomism托马斯主义Averroism阿威洛伊主义Scotism司各脱主义Rationalism唯理论（materialistic/idealistic ）Empiricism经验论（materialistic/idealistic）Social contract theory社会契约论Geographical determinism地理环境决定论Classical German philosophy德国古典哲学Apriorism先天论The reformation宗教改革运动Enlightenment启蒙运动French materialism法国唯物主义Encyclopaedists百科全书派conceptualism概念论Mechanistic materialism机械唯物论learned ignorance有学问的无知maximum极大minimum极小utopia乌托邦universal intellect普遍理智idols假相，偶像theory of four idols四假相说idols of the tribe种族假相idols of the cave洞穴假相idols of the market-place市场假相idols of the theatre剧场假相property and form性质与形式extension广延first principle第一原理Real/nominal essence实在/名义本质blank tablet白板causality因果性causation因果关系cause原因/effect结果experience经验dogma教条Material/Spiritual substance物质/精神实体thinking substance思想实体，思维实体Innate idea天赋观念adventitious ideas外来观念factitious ideas虚幻观念dualism of mind and matter心物二元论Animal sprits精气，元精，动物精神psycho-physical interactionism身心交感论pineal gland松果腺extensive substance广延实体the theory of social contrast社会契约论Association of idea观念的联结（休谟）Cartesianists笛卡儿主义者theory of substance实体论theory of attribute属性论theory of mode样式论（finite/infinite）psycho-physical parallelism心物平行论true idea真观念attribute属性Spinozism斯宾诺莎主义experience经验（external/internal）sensation and reflection感觉与反省abstraction抽象作用abstract idea抽象观念Simple/complex idea简单/复杂观念Immaterialism非物质主义personal identity人格同一性contiguity接近性（休谟）Divine right of kings君权神授说school of continental Rationalism大陆理性派British empirists英国经验派Cambridge platonism 剑桥柏拉图主义Scottish school of common sense苏格兰常识学派Old Hegelians老年黑格尔派Young Hegelians青年黑格尔派Right Hegelians黑格尔右派Left Hegelians黑格尔左派Speculative philosophy 思辨哲学Three tables三表法Table of essence/presence本质表/具有表Table of absence of proximity接近中的缺乏表Table of degree/comparison程度表/比较表Relative/finite substance相对的或有限的实体Absolute/infinite substance绝对的或无限的实体Theory of corpuscles 微粒说Theory of vortex 漩涡说Cartesianism笛卡儿主义cosmotheism宇宙神论（斯宾诺莎）Infinite attribute无限的属性Theory of modes样态论Mode 样态，样式Sensation/reflection感觉/反省External/internal experience外部/内部经验Abstraction抽象作用Psychic force心力（莱布尼兹）Small perception微知觉Principle of continuity连续性原则Idea of substance/modes/relations实体/情状/关系观念real/fantastical ideas实在/幻想观念Intuitive/demonstratic/probable直觉/证明/或然知识primary/secondary/third quality第一/二/三性质real/nominal essence实在/名义本质innate human right天赋人权will of all全体意志monad单子monadology单子论cognition认知Complete notion完满性观念（莱布尼兹）Best of all possible world可能世界中的最佳者sentiment情感——sentimentalismscience of human nature人性科学human nature/humanity人性Per-established harmony前定和谐pre-established harmony预定和谐truth of reason/fact理性真理与事实真理Divine reason 神圣理性theodicy神正论Order of possible coexistence and order of possibilities whichcannot coexist可共存之物的秩序与不可共存之物的秩序existence is to be perceived存在就是被感知immaterialism非物质论idea and notion观念与意念impression and ideas印象与观念resemblance类似关系contiguity in time and space接近关系causal relation因果关系determinism of geographical environment地理环境决定论Theory of the omnipotence of education教育万能论Apodictic/assertoric必然的/实然的（康德）Appearance现象（康德）manifold杂多Physico-theological argument自然神论证明critical philosophy批判哲学dogmatism独断论copernican revolution哥白尼的革命pure reason纯粹理性antinomy二律背反thing-in-itself自在之物，物自体appearance现象practical reason实践理性good will善良意志schein幻相moral law道德律finality apart from an end无目的的合目的性Analytic-synthetic分析-综合Sensibility/understanding/reason感性/知性/理性category范畴command律令reflective judgement反思的判断力representation表象Schema图型/schematism图型论，图式论Metaphysical deduction形而上学演绎Metaphysical exposition形而上学阐明Metaphysics of morals道德性而上学Metaphysics of nature自然形而上学transcendental apperception先验统觉Analogies of experience经验的类推architectonic建筑术Autonomy自主性（康德）transcendental idealism先验唯心主义Kantianism康德主义transcendental先验的transcendent超验的transcendental aesthetic先验感性论transcendental analytic先验分析论Transcendental deduction先验演绎Transcendental dialectic先验辩证论Transcendental illusion先验幻象Transcendental logic先验逻辑Transcendental ideal先验的理想Transcendental paralogism先验谬误推理Transcendental reflection先验反思A priori and synthetic judgement 先天综合判断taste鉴赏力Thing-for-itself为我之物A priori先天A posteriori后天A priori judgement先天判断A posteriori judgement 后天判断analytic judgement分析判断synthetical judgement综合判断Quantity of judgement/ category of Quantity判断的量与量的范畴Qualitaty of judgement/ category of Qualitaty判断的质与质的范畴Relation of judgement/ category of relation判断的关系与关系的范畴Mode of judgement/ category of mode 判断的样式与样式的范畴Anthropology 人本学Absolute religion绝对宗教Free spirit自由精神Objective spirit客观精神practical spirit实践精神theoretical spirit理论精神Subjective spirit主观精神Externalization外化objectification对象化Position肯定Negation否定sublation扬弃identical philosophy同一哲学in itself自我for itself自为absolute idea绝对理念absolute spirit 绝对精神philosophy of mind精神哲学subjective/objective spirit主/客观精神these-antithese-synthese正-反-合civil society市民社会alienation异化dialectic辩证法actuality现实Hegelianism黑格尔主义Young Hegellians 青年黑格尔派Natural theology自然神学（理性神学）absolute ego （费希特的）绝对自我animatism 物活论animism 泛灵论，万物有灵论anthropologism 人本主义the Apostles十二使徒asceticism 禁欲主义atomism 原子论，原子学说atonement 赎罪baptism （基督教）洗礼bourgeoisie 资产阶级causationism 因果论Christianity 基督教clherentism 贯通论The Decalogue摩西十戒deism 理神论；自然神论；自然神论（natural religion）Judgment Day 上帝的最后审判日，世界的末日Kant’s nebular hypothesis 康德的星云假说method of exclusion 排除法method of induction 归纳法nativism 先天论，天赋论sense perception 感性知觉sentience 感觉现象；原始感觉theory of reflection 反映论theory of relativity 相对论theory of representation 表象论On nature《论自然》Purification《净化篇》Sophists《智者篇》Phaedo《斐多篇》Parmenides《巴门尼德篇》Republic《国家篇》On the nature of things《物性论》Meditations《沉思集》Bible《圣经》The Apocalypse/Revelations《圣经》中的《启示录》Genesis （《圣经》）（《创世纪》）New-Testament 《新约全书》Confessions《忏悔录》Utopia《乌托邦》New organon《新工具》Advancement of learning《学术的进展》Human nature《论人性》Leviathan《利维坦》Two treatises of civil government《政府论》An essay concerning human understanding《人类理解论》A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge《人类知识原理》A treatise of human nature《人性论》An inquiry concerning human understanding 《人类理智研究》Dialogues concerning natural religion《自然宗教对话录》The natural history of religion 《宗教的自然史》Enquiries concerning the principles of morals《道德原理研究》Discourse on method《方法谈》Meditations on first philosophy《第一哲学沉思集》The principles of philosophy《哲学原理》Apology for learned ignorance《论有学问的无知》The principles of Descartes philosophy《笛卡尔哲学原理》Organon《工具论》Enneades《九章集》The ethics《伦理学》New essays on human understanding《人类理智新论》City of god 《上帝之城》Theological-political treatise《神学政治论》Essay on theodicy《神正论》On the improvement of understanding《知性改进论》Critique of pure reason《纯粹理性批判》Critique of practical reason 《实践理性批判》Critique of judgement《判断力批判》THANKS !!!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考。
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Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation,Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计）Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程Civil Engineering岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating,GasSupply,Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor,Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程Chemical Engineering化学工艺Chemical Technology生物化工Biochemical Engineering应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程Geological Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering 服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engineering发酵工程Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程Marine Engine Engineering水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology 飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery,Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程Forestry Engineering森林工程Forest Engineering木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学Environmental Science环境工程Environmental Engineering生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering食品科学Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals,Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering 农产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学Agriculture作物学Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学Tea Science农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学Soil Science植物营养学Plant Nutrition植物保护学Plant Protection植物病理学Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学Pesticide Science畜牧学Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction Science 动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等）The Rearing of Special-type EconomicAnimals (including Silkworm,Honeybees,etc.)兽医学Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学Silviculture森林保护学Forest Protection森林经理学Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wild life Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学Fisheries Science水产养殖学Aquaculture Science捕捞学Fishing Science渔业资源学Science of Fisheries Resources医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy,Histology and Embryology免疫学Immunology病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Forensic Medicine放射医学Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学）Internal medicine (including Cardiology,Hematology,Respiratory,Gastroenterology,Endocrinology andMetabolism,Nephrology,Rheuma-tology,Infectious Diseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学）Surgery (General Surgery,Orthopedics,Urology,Cardiothoracic Surgery,Neuro surgery,Plastic Surgery,Burn Surgery,Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学Oncology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学Emergency Medicine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal,Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chinese Medicine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学Ethno medicine中西医结合医学Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学Pharmaceutical Science药物化学Medicinal Chemistry药剂学Pharmaceutics生药学Pharmacognosy药物分析学Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学Pharmacology中药学Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History军事思想学Military Thought军事历史学Military History战略学Science of Strategy军事战略学Military Strategy战争动员学War Mobilization战役学Science of Operations联合战役学Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学）Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学Science of Tactics合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学Branch Tactics军队指挥学Science of Command作战指挥学Combat Command军事运筹学Military Operation Research军事通信学Military Communication军事情报学Military Intelligence密码学Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学）Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学Science of Military System军事组织编制学Military Organizational System军队管理学Military Management军队政治工作学Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment 军事后勤学Military Logistics后方专业勤务Rear Special Service军事装备学Military Equipment管理学Management Science管理科学与工程Management Science and Engineering工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学）Corporate Management (including Financial Management,Marketing and Human ResourcesManagement)旅游管理学Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management 农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学Science of Public Management行政管理学Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学Social Medicine and Health Management 教育经济与管理学Educational Economy and Management社会保障学Social Security土地资源管理学Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学Science of Library,Information and Archival 图书馆学Library Science情报学Information Science档案学Archival Science。
考研英语二高频词汇表
考研英语二高频词汇表一、人文社科类1. 人文主义 humanism2. 文化 culture3. 文明 civilization4. 宗教 religion5. 哲学 philosophy6. 历史 history7. 价值观 values8. 传统 tradition9. 习俗 custom10. 社会 society二、经济贸易类1. 经济 economy2. 贸易 trade3. 商业 business4. 金融 finance5. 投资 investment6. 股票 stock7. 证券 securities8. 贸易战 trade war9. 关税 tariff10. 自由贸易 free trade三、自然科学类1. 科学 science2. 技术 technology3. 物理学 physics4. 化学 chemistry5. 生物学 biology6. 天文学 astronomy7. 地理学 geography8. 环境 environment9. 自然 natural10. 实验 experiment四、先进科技类1. 人工智能 AI2. 机器学习 machine learning3. 大数据 big data4. 云计算 cloud computing5. 物联网 IoT6. 区块链 blockchain7. 量子计算 quantum computing8. 5G 5G technology9. AR/VR technology AR/VR technology10. 网络空间 cyberspace五、法律政治类1. 法学 law2. 法律 law3. 政治 politics4. 国际关系 international relations5. 宪法 constitution6. 法庭 court7. 犯罪 crime8. 监狱 prison9. 社会问题 social problem10. 国际政治 international politics六、社会热点类1. 教育 education2. 就业 employment3. 医疗 healthcare4. 住房 housing5. 贫困 poverty6. 性别平等 gender equality7. 食品安全 food safety8. 社会公正是 social justice9. 人口 population10. 城市化 urbanization七、日常交际类1. 交流 communication2. 友谊 friendship3. 家庭 family4. 爱情 love5. 礼貌 politeness6. 道歉 apology7. 感谢 gratitude8. 邀请 invitation9. 道别 farewell10. 介绍 introduction八、环保能源类1. 环保 environmental protection2. 气候变化 climate change3. 污染 pollution4. 可再生能源 renewable energy5. 节能 energy conservation6. 低碳生活 low-carbon life7. 可持续发展 sustainable development8. 生态保护 ecological protection9. 绿色出行 green transportation10. 节能减排 energy conservation and emission reduction九、企业管理类1. 管理 management2. 企业 enterprise3. 战略 strategy4. 组织 organization5. 领导 leadership6. 控制 control7. 创新 innovation8. 营销 marketing9. 品牌 brand10. 人力资源管理 human resources management十、人生哲理类1. 人生观 outlook on life2. 价值观 values3. 成功 success4. 失败 failure5. 奋斗 struggle6. 勇气 courage7. 毅力 perseverance8. 坚持 persistence9. 乐观 optimism10. 感恩 gratitude十一、抽象思维类1. 真理 truth2. 智慧 wisdom3. 知识 knowledge4. 想象力 imagination5. 创造力 creativity6. 直觉 intuition7. 思维方式 way of thinking8. 理性 rationality9. 感性 sentimentality10. 思维方式 mode of thinking十二、生活感悟类1. 幸福 happiness2. 快乐 joy3. 痛苦 pain4. 孤独 loneliness5. 享受享受法 enjoyment6. 感激感激意 appreciation7. 希望 hope8. 失望 disappointment9. 梦想 dream10. 心态 state of mind在备考考研英语二的过程中，理解和掌握这些高频词汇对于提高阅读理解能力、增强写作表达能力、提升翻译水平都有很大帮助。
文学及哲学类英语词汇
英语分类词汇：文学相关词汇classical literature 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说essay 随笔book of travels 游记reportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧(美作:theater)drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧play 剧本the three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间)playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节intrigue 错综复杂的剧情story 故事episode 逸事ending, denouement 结局poetry 诗歌poet 诗人poem 诗epic poetry 史诗epopee 叙事诗ode 颂歌sonnet 十四行诗verse, stanza (诗)节line (诗)行rhyme 韵脚,押韵metrics 韵律学,格律学prose 散文novel 小说biography 自传allegory 寓言science fiction 科幻,科学幻想小说satire 讽刺诗essay 杂文composition 学术著作rhetoric 修辞学oratory 讲演术declamation 朗诵技巧improvisation 即席讲演criticism 批判主义critic 批评家wit 才智,创作才能eloquence 文才lyricism 抒情性流行书站英语分类词汇：哲学相关词汇感性Sensibility知性Understanding理性Reason认识论theory of cognition先天综合判断a priori synthetic judgment物自体thing-in-itself先验感性论Transcendental Aesthetic感性论Aesthetic直观intuition感觉sensation经验性的直观empirical intuition纯粹的直观pure intuition形而上学；玄学metaphysics质料matter形式form先验逻辑Transcendental logic先验分析论Transcendental analytic先验辩证论Transcendental dialectic纯粹的知性概念pure concepts of the understanding原则的能力faculty of principles规则的能力faculty of rules先验幻相Transcendental illusion宇宙论cosmology二律背反antinomy善的意志good will道德律令moral command至善summum bonum崇高sublime反思判断judgment of reflection[唯]意志论Voluntarism一般陶冶general culture七艺{文法、逻辑、修辞、音乐、算数、几何、天文} Seven liberal arts人本主义；人文主义humanism人本教育；人文教育humanistic education三科{文法、逻辑、修辞} trivium下意识subconsciousness士气morale大修道院学校abbey school大礼堂auditorium女生训导{史} Dean of women女修道院convent女校友alumna 工艺教育arts and crafts education; industrial arts education工艺学校arts and crafts school中古教育；中世纪教育medieval education中央学校{十九世纪初期英国国教派创设的基础学校} central school五项运动{奥运比赛项目} pentathlon公民教育Citizenship education; Education for citizenship公民德行civic virtue反省；反思reflection反省[后]行为reflective behavior反省思考reflective thought天主教教学法catholic pedagogy文化；修养culture文化教育cultural education文化教育学Culture pedagogy文字主义；字句主义verbalism方法论methodology主教座堂学校；圣公会学校Cathedral school; Episcopal school主教学校Bishop's school主智教育；主知教育Intellectualistic education 主智论；主知论Intellectualism主意教育voluntaristic education兄弟会{美国大学男生社团} fraternity可陶冶性；可塑性figurability古典主义Classicism古典语文｛古希腊文、拉丁文｝classical language 古典学科classical course古典学校；古典学派classical school四目{音乐、算数、几何、天文} quadrivium本性original nature母性maternity母道；母仪mothercraft母语mother language; mother tongue民本教育democratic education民族主义nationalism民族主义教育nationalistic education目的论teleology先天观念innate idea同情sympathy合理化[作用] rationalization回教教育；伊斯兰教育Mohammedan education [= Islamic education]自由意志free will自然主义naturalism自然主义教育naturalistic education自然趋势natural tendency自然惩罚natural punishment判断judgment助理教师assistant teacher助理教授assistant professor形式陶冶；形式训练formal culture [= formal discipline]批判分数critical score批判教育学Critical pedagogy批评课criticism lesson男生训导{史} Dean of men男生通勤学校{英，相对于寄宿学校} boy's day school系统教育学Systematic pedagogy良心conscience儿童之家children's home儿童文学children's literature儿童指导所Child-guidance clinic儿童学Paidology; Paedology夜校{英} moonlight school姊妹会{美国大学女生社团} sorority性格；品格character拉丁文法学校{英、美} Latin grammar school 泛爱主义philanthropism泛爱主义教育philanthropic education泛爱学校philanthropic school社会化socialization社会主义Socialism社会主义教育socialistic education社会学Sociology初民教育primitive education初级教义问答学校；天主教望教友要理班Catechumenal school非教派学校undenominational school品格培养character building; formation of character品格教育character education品格测验character test品格评比character rating品格诊断；品性诊断character diagnosis建教制度{就学与工作时间可轮替之制度} alternating plan; alternating system思考thinking 施济学校{英国中世纪时期修道院的慈善学校} almonry school柔性教育soft education查经班Bible class相属原则Principle of belonging美育aesthetic education美育[教]学esthetic pedagogy美感aesthetic feeling美感判断esthetic judgment美学aesthetics; esthetics军国主义；黩武思想；军国民主义militarism 重述要旨；简述大意recapitulation音乐学校conservatory; music school个人主义individualism修女学校nunnery school修道院cloister修道院教育monastic education修道院学校monastery school; monastic school; cloister school修辞学校rhetorical school伦理教育ethical education伦理学Ethics原理；原则principle原创性originality哲学的教育学philosophical pedagogy宫廷学校Court school; Palace school校友alumnus; alumni {pl.}校友会alumni association校风school ethos格言；行为准则maxim气质temperament消极训练negative discipline消极教育negative education消极适应negative adaptation神学校Theological seminary神学院divinity school; theological college; theological seminary神学教育theological education纯粹科学pure science虔敬主义pietism高级教义问答学校；天主教进阶要理班Catechetical school副校长assistant principal副教授associate professor唱诗学校Choir school问答法question and answer method唯物论materialism唯实主义教育realistic education唯实论；实在论realism国家教育；民族教育national education基督宗教教育Christian education专业道德；专业伦理[学] professional ethics情感[作用]；感情affection情操sentiment推论；推理inference [= reasoning]教生{英国17世纪中叶用法}；实习教师{英国现行用法} student-teacher; trainee teacher教育工作者educator教育可能性possibility of education教育史History of education教育决定论educational determinism教育委员{十九世纪英国中央层级的教育委员，负责对各级教育的视导} commissioner on education 教育哲学Educational philosophy; Philosophy of education教育价值educational value教育学家；教育学者educationalist; educationist 教育历程educational process教派学校{基督宗教} denominational school; sectarian school教区学校parish school; parochial school教规；训诫precept教会教育Church education; Missionary education教会学校Mission school教义问答教学法{要理问答教学法} catechetic; catechism; catechetic method教仆{古希腊}；教育学者pedagogue启蒙运动Enlightenment; The enlightenment理性；理由reason理性教育rational education理性论；理性主义rationalism理想ideal理论教育学theoretical pedagogy现代语文；现代外语{相对于古典语文} modern languages毕业式commencement移动学校{美国初期为解决郊区学子就学问题所提供教师至该区巡回教育的措施} moving school规范科学{相对于实证科学} normative science通艺学科；博艺学科liberal arts陆军学校army school 陶冶；教化cultivation陶治；教育{德} bildung博士论文Doctoral dissertation; Doctorate dissertation博士学位Doctorate; Doctor's degree; Doctoral degree博雅教育liberal education发生法genetic method象征主义symbolism进化论派教育学Evolutionistic pedagogy进步主义教育progressive education传记法biographical method奥林匹克运动会{奥运} Olympian ; Olympic ; Olympic games意志will意志教育education of will意识consciousness意识流streams of consciousness慈善学校charity school感官训练sense training感官唯实论sense realism感官教育sense education感官陶冶sense culture感情；感受；情感feeling爱国主义；爱国情操patriotism新人本主义；新人文主义neohumanism新教育New education新教学校Protestant school暗示suggestion暗示感受性suggestibility暗示诘问suggestive questioning溯因考察causal investigation禁闭confinement punishment禁欲主义Asceticism经院主义；士林哲学Scholasticism经院学者；士林哲学家Scholastic经验教育学Empirical pedagogy经验论；经验主义Empiricism圣经学校Bible school资讯；知识information [=knowledge]运动员风度；运动家精神sportsmanship道德morality道德教育moral education道德教学moral instruction顿悟；洞悟；洞见；洞察insight实用主义pragmatism实质训练material discipline实质陶冶material culture对话法dialogistical method歌咏团glee club演绎法deductive method种族差异race difference罚则penalty schedule诵读学校；阅读学校{中世纪以来的基础识字教育} reading school俭约教育thrift education剑桥制{1839年美国麻州剑桥地区允许资赋优异小学生修读两年即可跳级毕业的措施} Cambridge plan审美aesthetic appreciation模范课model lesson模范学校model school论理次序；逻辑次序logical order论理学；逻辑；理哲学Logic养育{后天教养，与nature相对} nurture学士Bachelor学士学位Bachelors' degree学位巾academic hood学位帽mortar-board学府{古希腊}；大学区{法}；中学{英、美旧制}；学术性质之会社；军事院校academy学者；学生{英} scholar学科轮替制alternation of studies学徒；艺徒apprentice学徒制apprentice ship system; apprentice system学徒教育apprentice ship education学徒学校apprentice school学校；学派school学校志chronicle of school学院袍academic gown导生{英} monitor导生分组制monitorial-group plan导生制{史} monitorial system导生学校monitor school积极教育positive education应用科学applied science矫正院；感化院House of correction斋舍制{英国公学制度} house system归纳法inductive method骑士教育chivalric education惩罚penalty; punishment 艺术教育art education; artistic education续学运动back-to-the-school movement辩证法dialectic; dialectics观念idea观念论{知识论}；唯心论{形上学}；理想主义{伦理学} idealism陶冶；教化cultivation陶治；教育{德}bildung博士论文Doctoraldissertation Doctoratedissertation博士学位Doctorate Doctor'sdegree Doctoraldegree博雅教育liberaleducation发生法geneticmethod象征主义symbolism进化论派教育学Evolutionisticpedagogy进步主义教育progressiveeducation传记法biographicalmethod奥林匹克运动会{奥运}Olympian Olympic Olympicgames意志will意志教育educationofwill意识consciousness意识流streamsofconsciousness慈善学校charityschool感官训练sensetrainin感官唯实论senserealism感官教育senseeducation感官陶冶senseculture感情；感受；情感feeling爱国主义；爱国情操patriotism新人本主义；新人文主义neohumanism新教育Neweducation新教学校Protestantschool暗示suggestion暗示感受性suggestibility暗示诘问suggestivequestioning溯因考察causalinvestigation禁闭confinementpunishment禁欲主义Asceticism经院主义；士林哲学Scholasticism经院学者；士林哲学家Scholastic经验教育学Empiricalpedagogy经验论；经验主义Empiricism圣经学校Bibleschool资讯；知识information=knowledge运动员风度；运动家精神sportsmanship道德morality道德教育moraleducation道德教学moralinstruction顿悟；洞悟；洞见；洞察insight实用主义pragmatism实质训练materialdiscipline实质陶冶materialculture对话法dialogisticalmethod歌咏团gleeclub演绎法deductivemethod种族差异racedifference罚则penaltyschedule诵读学校；阅读学校{中世纪以来的基础识字教育}readingschool俭约教育thrifteducation剑桥制{1839年美国麻州剑桥地区允许资赋优异小学生修读两年即可跳级毕业的措施}Cambridgeplan审美aestheticappreciation模范课modellesson模范学校modelschool论理次序；逻辑次序logicalorder论理学；逻辑；理哲学Logic养育{后天教养，与nature相对}nurture学士Bachelor学士学位Bachelors'degree学位巾academichood学位帽mortar-board学府{古希腊}；大学区{法}；中学{英、美旧制}；学术性质之会社；军事院校academy学者；学生{英}scholar学科轮替制alternationofstudies学徒；艺徒apprentice学徒制apprenticeshipsystem apprenticesystem 学徒教育apprenticeshipeducation学徒学校apprenticeschool学校；学派school学校志chronicleofschool学院袍academicgown导生{英}monitor导生分组制monitorial-groupplan导生制{史}monitorialsystem导生学校monitorschool积极教育positiveeducation 应用科学appliedscience矫正院；感化院Houseofcorrection斋舍制{英国公学制度}housesystem归纳法inductivemethod骑士教育chivalriceducation惩罚penalty punishment艺术教育arteducation artisticeducation续学运动back-to-the-schoolmovement辩证法dialectic dialectics观念idea观念论{知识论}；唯心论{形上学}；理想主义{伦理学}idealismad hoc hypothesis 特设性假说naive realism 朴素实在论anomaly 反常negative heuristic 反面启发法auxiliary assumption 辅助假定non-normal science 非常规科学auxiliary hypothesis 辅助假说non-science 非科学basic statement 基本陈述normal science 常规科学behaviourism 行为主义object language 对象语言conceptual framework 概念框架objectivism 客观主义confirm 确证observational statement 观察陈述confirmation 确证operativism 操作主义conjecture 推测panpsychism 泛心论conventionalism 约定论parallelism 平行论conversion 改宗、改变信仰paradigm 规范corroborate 确认corroboration 确认perceptual experience 知觉经验physicalism 物理主义counter-induction 反归纳pluralism 多元论critical rationalism 批判理性主义pluralistic realism 多元实在论critical realism 批判实在论positive heuristic 正面启发法critical thought 批判思维positivism 实证主义crucial experiment 判决性实验potential falsifier 潜在证伪者deduction 演绎、演绎法prescience 前科学degree of corroboration 确认度principle of induction 归纳原理determinism 决定论principle of proliferation 扩散原理dogmatic thought 教条思维principle of tenacity 靭性原理demarcation 分界principle of transference 传递原理disposition 素质、倾向problem of induction 归纳问题downward causation 下向因果性problem shift 问题转换emergence 突现problem situation 问题状况epiphenomenalism 附带现象论proof 证明epistemological anarchy 认识论无政府状态propensity 倾向性epistemology 认识论pseudo-science 类科学、伪科学error-elimination 除错psychologism 心理主义essentialism 本质论radical instrumentalism 激进工具主义explanation 解释rationlism 理性主义fallibilism 易谬主义rationality 理性fallibility 易谬性realism 实在论falsifiability 可证伪性reality 实在falsification 证伪reductionism 还原论falsificationism 证伪主义refutability 可反驳的falsify 证伪refutation 反驳falsity content 虚假性内容research programme 研究纲领first world 第一世界second world 第二世界formal language 形式语言simplicity 简单性gestalt switch 格式塔转换singular statement 单称陈述improbablity 不可几性sophisticated falsificationism 精致的证伪主义irrationalism 非理性主义subjectioism 主观主义guess 猜测tentative theory 试验性理论heuristic 启发法test 检验hypothesis 假说testability 可检验性indeterminism 非决定论theory-laden 渗透理论induction 归纳、归纳法third world 第三世界inductionism 归纳主义thought experiment 思想实验initial condition 初始条件trial and error 试错法instant rationality 即时理性truth content 真理性内容instrumentalism 工具主义universal statement 全称陈述interactionism 相互作用论upward causation 上向因果性irrefutability 不可反驳性verifiability 可证实的justification 证明verification 证实justify 证明verify 证实justificationism 证明主义verisimilitude 逼真性logical positivism 逻辑实证主义world 1 世界1macrologic 宏观逻辑world 2 世界2mentalism 精神主义world 3 世界3metalanguage 元语言metascience 元科学metatheory 元理论micrologic 微观逻辑naive falsificationism 朴素证伪主义naive instrumentalism 朴素工具主义。
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英语分类词汇：文学相关词汇classical literature 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说essay 随笔book of travels 游记reportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧(美作:theater)drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧play 剧本the three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间)playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节intrigue 错综复杂的剧情story 故事episode 逸事ending, denouement 结局poetry 诗歌poet 诗人poem 诗epic poetry 史诗epopee 叙事诗ode 颂歌sonnet 十四行诗verse, stanza (诗)节line (诗)行rhyme 韵脚,押韵metrics 韵律学,格律学prose 散文novel 小说biography 自传allegory 寓言science fiction 科幻,科学幻想小说satire 讽刺诗essay 杂文composition 学术著作rhetoric 修辞学oratory 讲演术declamation 朗诵技巧improvisation 即席讲演criticism 批判主义critic 批评家wit 才智,创作才能eloquence 文才lyricism 抒情性流行书站英语分类词汇：哲学相关词汇感性Sensibility知性Understanding理性Reason认识论theory of cognition先天综合判断a priori synthetic judgment物自体thing-in-itself先验感性论Transcendental Aesthetic感性论Aesthetic直观intuition感觉sensation经验性的直观empirical intuition纯粹的直观pure intuition形而上学；玄学metaphysics质料matter形式form先验逻辑Transcendental logic先验分析论Transcendental analytic先验辩证论Transcendental dialectic纯粹的知性概念pure concepts of the understanding原则的能力faculty of principles规则的能力faculty of rules先验幻相Transcendental illusion宇宙论cosmology二律背反antinomy善的意志good will道德律令moral command至善summum bonum崇高sublime反思判断judgment of reflection[唯]意志论Voluntarism一般陶冶general culture七艺{文法、逻辑、修辞、音乐、算数、几何、天文} Seven liberal arts人本主义；人文主义humanism人本教育；人文教育humanistic education三科{文法、逻辑、修辞} trivium下意识subconsciousness士气morale大修道院学校abbey school大礼堂auditorium女生训导{史} Dean of women女修道院convent女校友alumna 工艺教育arts and crafts education; industrial arts education工艺学校arts and crafts school中古教育；中世纪教育medieval education中央学校{十九世纪初期英国国教派创设的基础学校} central school五项运动{奥运比赛项目} pentathlon公民教育Citizenship education; Education for citizenship公民德行civic virtue反省；反思reflection反省[后]行为reflective behavior反省思考reflective thought天主教教学法catholic pedagogy文化；修养culture文化教育cultural education文化教育学Culture pedagogy文字主义；字句主义verbalism方法论methodology主教座堂学校；圣公会学校Cathedral school; Episcopal school主教学校Bishop's school主智教育；主知教育Intellectualistic education 主智论；主知论Intellectualism主意教育voluntaristic education兄弟会{美国大学男生社团} fraternity可陶冶性；可塑性figurability古典主义Classicism古典语文｛古希腊文、拉丁文｝classical language 古典学科classical course古典学校；古典学派classical school四目{音乐、算数、几何、天文} quadrivium本性original nature母性maternity母道；母仪mothercraft母语mother language; mother tongue民本教育democratic education民族主义nationalism民族主义教育nationalistic education目的论teleology先天观念innate idea同情sympathy合理化[作用] rationalization回教教育；伊斯兰教育Mohammedan education [= Islamic education]自由意志free will自然主义naturalism自然主义教育naturalistic education自然趋势natural tendency自然惩罚natural punishment判断judgment助理教师assistant teacher助理教授assistant professor形式陶冶；形式训练formal culture [= formal discipline]批判分数critical score批判教育学Critical pedagogy批评课criticism lesson男生训导{史} Dean of men男生通勤学校{英，相对于寄宿学校} boy's day school系统教育学Systematic pedagogy良心conscience儿童之家children's home儿童文学children's literature儿童指导所Child-guidance clinic儿童学Paidology; Paedology夜校{英} moonlight school姊妹会{美国大学女生社团} sorority性格；品格character拉丁文法学校{英、美} Latin grammar school 泛爱主义philanthropism泛爱主义教育philanthropic education泛爱学校philanthropic school社会化socialization社会主义Socialism社会主义教育socialistic education社会学Sociology初民教育primitive education初级教义问答学校；天主教望教友要理班Catechumenal school非教派学校undenominational school品格培养character building; formation of character品格教育character education品格测验character test品格评比character rating品格诊断；品性诊断character diagnosis建教制度{就学与工作时间可轮替之制度} alternating plan; alternating system思考thinking 施济学校{英国中世纪时期修道院的慈善学校} almonry school柔性教育soft education查经班Bible class相属原则Principle of belonging美育aesthetic education美育[教]学esthetic pedagogy美感aesthetic feeling美感判断esthetic judgment美学aesthetics; esthetics军国主义；黩武思想；军国民主义militarism 重述要旨；简述大意recapitulation音乐学校conservatory; music school个人主义individualism修女学校nunnery school修道院cloister修道院教育monastic education修道院学校monastery school; monastic school; cloister school修辞学校rhetorical school伦理教育ethical education伦理学Ethics原理；原则principle原创性originality哲学的教育学philosophical pedagogy宫廷学校Court school; Palace school校友alumnus; alumni {pl.}校友会alumni association校风school ethos格言；行为准则maxim气质temperament消极训练negative discipline消极教育negative education消极适应negative adaptation神学校Theological seminary神学院divinity school; theological college; theological seminary神学教育theological education纯粹科学pure science虔敬主义pietism高级教义问答学校；天主教进阶要理班Catechetical school副校长assistant principal副教授associate professor唱诗学校Choir school问答法question and answer method唯物论materialism唯实主义教育realistic education唯实论；实在论realism国家教育；民族教育national education基督宗教教育Christian education专业道德；专业伦理[学] professional ethics情感[作用]；感情affection情操sentiment推论；推理inference [= reasoning]教生{英国17世纪中叶用法}；实习教师{英国现行用法} student-teacher; trainee teacher教育工作者educator教育可能性possibility of education教育史History of education教育决定论educational determinism教育委员{十九世纪英国中央层级的教育委员，负责对各级教育的视导} commissioner on education 教育哲学Educational philosophy; Philosophy of education教育价值educational value教育学家；教育学者educationalist; educationist 教育历程educational process教派学校{基督宗教} denominational school; sectarian school教区学校parish school; parochial school教规；训诫precept教会教育Church education; Missionary education教会学校Mission school教义问答教学法{要理问答教学法} catechetic; catechism; catechetic method教仆{古希腊}；教育学者pedagogue启蒙运动Enlightenment; The enlightenment理性；理由reason理性教育rational education理性论；理性主义rationalism理想ideal理论教育学theoretical pedagogy现代语文；现代外语{相对于古典语文} modern languages毕业式commencement移动学校{美国初期为解决郊区学子就学问题所提供教师至该区巡回教育的措施} moving school规范科学{相对于实证科学} normative science通艺学科；博艺学科liberal arts陆军学校army school 陶冶；教化cultivation陶治；教育{德} bildung博士论文Doctoral dissertation; Doctorate dissertation博士学位Doctorate; Doctor's degree; Doctoral degree博雅教育liberal education发生法genetic method象征主义symbolism进化论派教育学Evolutionistic pedagogy进步主义教育progressive education传记法biographical method奥林匹克运动会{奥运} Olympian ; Olympic ; Olympic games意志will意志教育education of will意识consciousness意识流streams of consciousness慈善学校charity school感官训练sense training感官唯实论sense realism感官教育sense education感官陶冶sense culture感情；感受；情感feeling爱国主义；爱国情操patriotism新人本主义；新人文主义neohumanism新教育New education新教学校Protestant school暗示suggestion暗示感受性suggestibility暗示诘问suggestive questioning溯因考察causal investigation禁闭confinement punishment禁欲主义Asceticism经院主义；士林哲学Scholasticism经院学者；士林哲学家Scholastic经验教育学Empirical pedagogy经验论；经验主义Empiricism圣经学校Bible school资讯；知识information [=knowledge]运动员风度；运动家精神sportsmanship道德morality道德教育moral education道德教学moral instruction顿悟；洞悟；洞见；洞察insight实用主义pragmatism实质训练material discipline实质陶冶material culture对话法dialogistical method歌咏团glee club演绎法deductive method种族差异race difference罚则penalty schedule诵读学校；阅读学校{中世纪以来的基础识字教育} reading school俭约教育thrift education剑桥制{1839年美国麻州剑桥地区允许资赋优异小学生修读两年即可跳级毕业的措施} Cambridge plan审美aesthetic appreciation模范课model lesson模范学校model school论理次序；逻辑次序logical order论理学；逻辑；理哲学Logic养育{后天教养，与nature相对} nurture学士Bachelor学士学位Bachelors' degree学位巾academic hood学位帽mortar-board学府{古希腊}；大学区{法}；中学{英、美旧制}；学术性质之会社；军事院校academy学者；学生{英} scholar学科轮替制alternation of studies学徒；艺徒apprentice学徒制apprentice ship system; apprentice system学徒教育apprentice ship education学徒学校apprentice school学校；学派school学校志chronicle of school学院袍academic gown导生{英} monitor导生分组制monitorial-group plan导生制{史} monitorial system导生学校monitor school积极教育positive education应用科学applied science矫正院；感化院House of correction斋舍制{英国公学制度} house system归纳法inductive method骑士教育chivalric education惩罚penalty; punishment 艺术教育art education; artistic education续学运动back-to-the-school movement辩证法dialectic; dialectics观念idea观念论{知识论}；唯心论{形上学}；理想主义{伦理学} idealism陶冶；教化cultivation陶治；教育{德}bildung博士论文Doctoraldissertation Doctoratedissertation博士学位Doctorate Doctor'sdegree Doctoraldegree博雅教育liberaleducation发生法geneticmethod象征主义symbolism进化论派教育学Evolutionisticpedagogy进步主义教育progressiveeducation传记法biographicalmethod奥林匹克运动会{奥运}Olympian Olympic Olympicgames意志will意志教育educationofwill意识consciousness意识流streamsofconsciousness慈善学校charityschool感官训练sensetrainin感官唯实论senserealism感官教育senseeducation感官陶冶senseculture感情；感受；情感feeling爱国主义；爱国情操patriotism新人本主义；新人文主义neohumanism新教育Neweducation新教学校Protestantschool暗示suggestion暗示感受性suggestibility暗示诘问suggestivequestioning溯因考察causalinvestigation禁闭confinementpunishment禁欲主义Asceticism经院主义；士林哲学Scholasticism经院学者；士林哲学家Scholastic经验教育学Empiricalpedagogy经验论；经验主义Empiricism圣经学校Bibleschool资讯；知识information=knowledge运动员风度；运动家精神sportsmanship道德morality道德教育moraleducation道德教学moralinstruction顿悟；洞悟；洞见；洞察insight实用主义pragmatism实质训练materialdiscipline实质陶冶materialculture对话法dialogisticalmethod歌咏团gleeclub演绎法deductivemethod种族差异racedifference罚则penaltyschedule诵读学校；阅读学校{中世纪以来的基础识字教育}readingschool俭约教育thrifteducation剑桥制{1839年美国麻州剑桥地区允许资赋优异小学生修读两年即可跳级毕业的措施}Cambridgeplan审美aestheticappreciation模范课modellesson模范学校modelschool论理次序；逻辑次序logicalorder论理学；逻辑；理哲学Logic养育{后天教养，与nature相对}nurture学士Bachelor学士学位Bachelors'degree学位巾academichood学位帽mortar-board学府{古希腊}；大学区{法}；中学{英、美旧制}；学术性质之会社；军事院校academy学者；学生{英}scholar学科轮替制alternationofstudies学徒；艺徒apprentice学徒制apprenticeshipsystem apprenticesystem 学徒教育apprenticeshipeducation学徒学校apprenticeschool学校；学派school学校志chronicleofschool学院袍academicgown导生{英}monitor导生分组制monitorial-groupplan导生制{史}monitorialsystem导生学校monitorschool积极教育positiveeducation 应用科学appliedscience矫正院；感化院Houseofcorrection斋舍制{英国公学制度}housesystem归纳法inductivemethod骑士教育chivalriceducation惩罚penalty punishment艺术教育arteducation artisticeducation续学运动back-to-the-schoolmovement辩证法dialectic dialectics观念idea观念论{知识论}；唯心论{形上学}；理想主义{伦理学}idealismad hoc hypothesis 特设性假说naive realism 朴素实在论anomaly 反常negative heuristic 反面启发法auxiliary assumption 辅助假定non-normal science 非常规科学auxiliary hypothesis 辅助假说non-science 非科学basic statement 基本陈述normal science 常规科学behaviourism 行为主义object language 对象语言conceptual framework 概念框架objectivism 客观主义confirm 确证observational statement 观察陈述confirmation 确证operativism 操作主义conjecture 推测panpsychism 泛心论conventionalism 约定论parallelism 平行论conversion 改宗、改变信仰paradigm 规范corroborate 确认corroboration 确认perceptual experience 知觉经验physicalism 物理主义counter-induction 反归纳pluralism 多元论critical rationalism 批判理性主义pluralistic realism 多元实在论critical realism 批判实在论positive heuristic 正面启发法critical thought 批判思维positivism 实证主义crucial experiment 判决性实验potential falsifier 潜在证伪者deduction 演绎、演绎法prescience 前科学degree of corroboration 确认度principle of induction 归纳原理determinism 决定论principle of proliferation 扩散原理dogmatic thought 教条思维principle of tenacity 靭性原理demarcation 分界principle of transference 传递原理disposition 素质、倾向problem of induction 归纳问题downward causation 下向因果性problem shift 问题转换emergence 突现problem situation 问题状况epiphenomenalism 附带现象论proof 证明epistemological anarchy 认识论无政府状态propensity 倾向性epistemology 认识论pseudo-science 类科学、伪科学error-elimination 除错psychologism 心理主义essentialism 本质论radical instrumentalism 激进工具主义explanation 解释rationlism 理性主义fallibilism 易谬主义rationality 理性fallibility 易谬性realism 实在论falsifiability 可证伪性reality 实在falsification 证伪reductionism 还原论falsificationism 证伪主义refutability 可反驳的falsify 证伪refutation 反驳falsity content 虚假性内容research programme 研究纲领first world 第一世界second world 第二世界formal language 形式语言simplicity 简单性gestalt switch 格式塔转换singular statement 单称陈述improbablity 不可几性sophisticated falsificationism 精致的证伪主义irrationalism 非理性主义subjectioism 主观主义guess 猜测tentative theory 试验性理论heuristic 启发法test 检验hypothesis 假说testability 可检验性indeterminism 非决定论theory-laden 渗透理论induction 归纳、归纳法third world 第三世界inductionism 归纳主义thought experiment 思想实验initial condition 初始条件trial and error 试错法instant rationality 即时理性truth content 真理性内容instrumentalism 工具主义universal statement 全称陈述interactionism 相互作用论upward causation 上向因果性irrefutability 不可反驳性verifiability 可证实的justification 证明verification 证实justify 证明verify 证实justificationism 证明主义verisimilitude 逼真性logical positivism 逻辑实证主义world 1 世界1macrologic 宏观逻辑world 2 世界2mentalism 精神主义world 3 世界3metalanguage 元语言metascience 元科学metatheory 元理论micrologic 微观逻辑naive falsificationism 朴素证伪主义naive instrumentalism 朴素工具主义。