国际贸易单证章节课件 (9)

Section 1 E-Commerce and
International Trade
❖ Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily since the spread of the Internet. A wide variety of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well.
Section 1 E-Commerce and International Trade
❖E-Commerce’s Influence to International Trade:
▪ 1. E-commerce improves international trade ▪ 2. The emergence of virtual market changes the
31 Section 1 E-Commerce and International Trade
2 Section 2 E-Documents and E-Payment
3 Section 3 Electronic Documentation in International Trade
Section 3 Electronic Documentation in International Trade
environment of international trade. ▪ 3. The emergence of virtual company makes
difference of the operating boby of international trade. ▪ 4. The operation and management of international trade change a lot.
Section 3 Electronic Documentation in
International Trade
❖ EDI: ▪ EDI is the computer-to-computer interchange of strictly formatted messages that represent documents other than monetary instruments. EDI implies a sequence of messages between two parties, either of whom may serve as originator or recipient. The formatted data representing the documents may be transmitted from originator to recipient via telecommunications or physically transported on electronic storage media. ▪ In EDI, the usual processing of received messages is by computer only. Human intervention in the processing of a received message is typically intended only for error conditions, for quality review, and for special situations. For example, the transmission of binary or textual data is not EDI as defined here unless the data are treated as one or more data elements of an EDI message and are not normally intended for human interpretation as part of on-line data processing.
❖I. E-Documents ▪ i. EDI Network
• Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is widely-used technology for the automated exchange of documents between dissimilar applications. It allows value chain partners to exchange purchase orders, invoices, advance ship notices, and other business documents directly from one business system to the other, without human intervention. Proven advantages are fewer errors, lower administrative costs, and faster order-to-cash cycles.
❖ Technical documentation, such as maintenance manuals, has undergone radical changes over the last decade. A major step was made in the transition from paper to electronic documentation. Electronic documentation, however, often still bears the traces of its paper origins.
Section 2 E-Documents and E-Payment
❖ II. E-Payment ▪ ii. Development of E-Payment
• E-payment has seen a rapid development due to the fast growth of e-commerce, and the market regulation is also underway. Research predicted that China's total online payment value would hit RMB60.5 billion yuan by 2007, maintaining an annual growth rate of 100%. Statistics show that domestic companies specializing in e-payment amounted to nearly 50 by the end of 2005. The rapid innovation of epayment has gone far beyond the regulation scope and capabilities of relevant laws and regulations. That is the right reason that many policies, laws and regulations concerning epayment have been successively launched recently.
31 Section 1 E-Commerce and International Trade
2 Section 2 E-Documents and E-Payment
3 Section 3 Electronic Documentation in International Trade
Section 2 E-Documents and E-Payment
• Security • Reality • Legal Problem
▪ iv. Electronic Bill of Lading
Section 2 E-Documents and E-Payment
❖II. E-Payment ▪ i. E-Currency
• E-currency is precious metal-backed Internet currency. To open an account, an individual "deposits" money with an online e-currency company that then converts the amount into gold bullion. Via the Internet, the account holder can transfer ownership of some or all of that gold into someone else's e-currency account. Ownership can be repeatedly transferred.
Chapter 9 Electronic Commerce and International TBaidu Nhomakorabeaade Documents
31 Section 1 E-Commerce and International Trade
2 Section 2 E-Documents and E-Payment
3 Section 3 Electronic Documentation in International Trade
Section 2 E-Documents and E-Payment
❖I. E-Documents
▪ ii. eUCP
• eUCP is not amendentment to UCP, but is a supplement to UCP.
▪ iii. Problems in E-Documents
❖ Future developments in electronic documentation will be diverse. The technology used is shifting from pagebased to XML-based documentation, and even further to databases containing indexed documentary units. Multi-agent models are also in use for the development of documentation