精馏塔苯和甲苯

齐齐哈尔大学

化工原理课程设计

题目苯—甲苯精馏

学院食品与生物工程学院

专业班级食工145

学生姓名鲁聿

指导教师佟白

成绩

2016 年11 月23 日

摘要

本次课程设计是利用板式精馏塔分离苯-甲苯，采取连续精馏已得到纯度较高的馏出物，根据已给出的设计条件，我们操作条件选取了泡点进料，操作压力选为4Kpa，具体设备选取筛板塔，筛板塔具有结构简单，造价低，效率高等优点，但易堵塞，不宜处理粘性大、脏的和带固体粒子的料液。设计过程中根据要求对精馏塔的结构尺寸进行了准确计算和相关流体力学校核，以及接管尺寸的计算，绘制出了装配图。

工业上对塔设备的主要要求: (１) 气(汽)、液处理量大，即生产能力大时，仍不致发生大量的雾沫夹带、拦液或液泛等破坏操作的现象。(２) 操作稳定，弹性大，即当塔设备的气(汽)、液负荷有较大范围的变动时，仍能在较高的传质效率下进行稳定的操作并应保证长期连续操作所必须具有的可靠性。(３) 流体流动的阻力小，即流体流经塔设备的压力降小，这将大大节省动力消耗，从而降低操作费用。对于减压精馏操作，过大的压力降还将使整个系统无法维持必要的真空度，最终破坏物系的操作。(４) 结构简单，材料耗用量小，制造和安装容易。(５) 耐腐蚀和不易堵塞，方便操作、调节和检修。(６) 塔内的滞留量要小。

实际上,任何塔设备都难以满足上述要求,因此,设计者应根据塔型特点,物系性质,生产工艺条件,操作方式,设备投资.操作与维修费用等技术经济评价以及设计经验等因素,依矛盾的主次,综合考虑,选择适宜的塔型。

关键词：苯甲苯分离过程：精馏塔

Abstract

This course is designed for separation of benzene and methylbenzene by distillation column, taking distillate continuous distillation has high purity, according to the design conditions have been given, we select the operating conditions of bubble point feed operation pressure is 4Kpa, the specific equipment selection of sieve plate tower, plate tower has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, efficiency the advantages, but not easy to be blocked, the viscous, dirty and solid particles of liquid. According to the requirements of the design process, the structure size of the distillation column was calculated and correlated with the fluid mechanics and the calculation of the nozzle size.The main requirements of tower equipment industry: (1) gas (steam), liquid processing capacity, production capacity is large, still without entrainment, a liquid blocking or flooding damage operation phenomenon. (2) the operation stability, flexibility, i.e. when the tower equipment gas (steam), liquid loading of a wide range of changes, still can stabilize the operation in the mass transfer efficiency under the conditions of high reliability and should ensure long-term continuous operation must have the.(3) the fluid flow resistance is small, the fluid flow through the device of the small pressure drop, which will greatly reduce the power consumption, thereby reducing operating costs. For vacuum distillation operation, too much pressure drop will make the entire system can not maintain the necessary vacuum degree, the ultimate failure of the operation of the system. (4) the structure is simple, the material consumption is small, and the manufacture and installation are easy. (5) corrosion resistance and not easy to plug, convenient operation, adjustment and maintenance. (6) retention tower to be small.