江阴市峭岐中学高三英语复习定语从句讲义

定语从句考点清单定语从句的基本用法一．定语从句的基本知识1．定义：定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

2. 定语从句的位置: 定语从句的位置只能放在它所修饰词的后面。

Tom, who is 17, is my classmate.Tom is my classmate, who is 17.3．定语从句的结构:被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系代词 + 从句“被修饰的名词/代词”= “先行词”这儿要强调的是先行词只能是名词或代词4．定语从句的分类: 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句见清单 P89 一二、关系代词的用法1. 关系代词which, that的用法which（指物，作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省略，）, that（指人/物，作宾语可省略）所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语。

例如：A prosperity which / that had never been se en before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。

（which / that在句中作主语）The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。

（which / that在句中作宾语）注意：定语从句中，只能用关系代词that或只能用关系代词which 的情况：见清单P90 二、（二）2.○3当关系代词后面带有插入语时, 只能用whichHere is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.○4避免重复当先行词为that时或一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了that，另一个宜用which That which you borrowed is out of date.I bought some magazines that might help me to kill time and which I could pass on toothers when I finished them.2. 关系代词who, whom, whose的用法见清单 P90 二、（一）1，2指人时，宜用who的情况（4点）①非限定性定语从句中指人的时候，只能用who②避免重复。

如先行词为that/those时③ 如果先行词是one, ones, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone,somebody时,关系代词应该用 who 或whom④There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用whoThere’s a gentleman who wants to see you.3. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词后面的关系词不能省略。

that前不能有介词。

1）见清单P91，（三），12）见清单P91，（三），2a. The man (to whom you talked just now) will chair the meeting tomorrow.= The man (whom/who you talked to just now) will chair the meeting tomorrow.但注意，在固定短语中介词不能提前，比如：care for, call on, put off, listen to, look for, look after等，如果把它们拆开，那么这些短语就失去了原来的含意。

The old man whom I am looking after is better.b. He told me the tickets are hard to buy, in which case you’d better buy right now.(which作case的定语)（He told me the tickets are hard to buy, and you’d better buy right now in that case. ）c. The books, some of which he has read, are very interesting. 表示整体与部分关系（The books are very interesting and he has read some of the book.）d. The students, most of whom have seen the movie, are from our class.（The students are from our class and most of them have seen the movie.）e. He spent 2 hours there, during which time he slept.（He spen t 2 hours there and heslept during that time.）f. The boss in whose department Mr. King worked had a heart attack.（The boss had a heartattack. Mr. King worked in his department.）3）复合介词短语+关系代词which的倒装P91，（三），3a. I arrived at a building， in front of which grow many trees.=I arrived a t a building, and many trees grow in front of it.b. We visited a hill，at the foot of which lies a temple.=We visited a hill, and a temple lies at the foot of it.c. They we nt into the classroom， in the center of which stands a large table.=They went into the classroom, and a large tabl e stands in the center of it.4）介词+which/whom +不定式结构见清单P91，（三），4He sold his gold watch and got twenty pounds with which to buy his wife a birthday gift.4. 关系代词as引导的定语从句见清单P91，（四）P91，二（一），3关系代词as (as … as…, such as, the same as/that) 可放于句首和句中，可作从句主语、宾语和状语（做题时一般看到前面有as, such, the same等，大部分情况后面都选as）Take as many books as you can.I want to read such a book as you read. (as定语从句)This is such a good book that we all like it. (so/such…that…结果状语从句，that后跟完整的句子)Please do it in the same way as I did. (as作状语)I want to borrow the same book as you read. 我想借一本和你读的一样的书。

I want to borrow the same book that you read.我想借你读的那本书。

（只有一本）5. 关系代词as, which 的区别见清单P91，（四）4与as区别：前面发生的事产生后面结果用whichas一般为泛指，“正如…”三．关系副词的用法1. 表时间、地点、原因的先行词在从句中作状语时，关系词使用关系副词。

When 表时间 = 介词 + whichWhere 表地点 = 介词 + whichWhy 表原因 = for which 例如：I still remember the day on which/when I joined the League. 表时间This is the room in which/where I stayed for the night.表地点This is the reason for which/why he was late. 表原因2. 判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。

及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年待过的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

判断改错：（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。

此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A3. 介词+where/when见清单P92(二)四．定语从句其他用法要点（特殊句型及注意点）（一）定语从句的主谓一致：见清单P92 四（二）特殊的定语从句1．the way+定语从句，the way做从句状语时，通常用that/in which/省略The way (that/in which) he is doing the experiment is very funny.2．It/This is +the+序数词+时间+ (that) +定语从句（从句用完成时）It/This is the first time （that）I have been here.3．It is (high) time +th at+定语从句It is time that we should go home.It is time that we went home4．but作为关系代词（了解即可），相当于that(who) … notThere are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不佩服他的才华。